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PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of the phase behavior and an evaporation study of systems of lavender oil, water, Laureth 4, and Tween 80.

Natural essential lavender oil was obtained by steam distillation from the flowering plants. The phase behavior of a system of natural lavender oil, distilled water, and two stabilizers was investigated. The stabilizers that were used were tetraethyleneglycol lauryl ether (Laureth 4) and polyoxyethylen (20) sorbitan mono-oleate (Tween 80). For the first system (water, lavender oil, Laureth 4), the phase diagram shows an area of lamellar liquid crystal formed along the water-Laureth 4 axis. It solubilized up to 12% per weight of the lavender oil. The system formed one isotropic solution. The phase diagram for the second system (water, lavender oil, Tween 80) shows a small area of hexagonal liquid crystal that solubilized a maximum of only 3% of the lavender oil. The system shows two isotropic phases. Evaporation studies were done for the isotropic solutions in both systems. The results provided essential information about the behavior of lavender oil during evaporation.

Lavandula↗
PubMed2003

[Chemical components of essential oils from the herb of Ligularia virgaurea].

OBJECTIVE: To provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analyzing the essential oils of Ligularia virgaurea. METHOD: The essential oils were extracted by using steam distillation and separated with GC capillary columns. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and were identified with GC-MS. RESULT: 41 components were identified, which took up 72.73% of the essential oils. CONCLUSION: The main components of essential oils were 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol(14.369%), crotonic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-butanoic acid, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, (1s-endo)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-ol, trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, alpha-cadinol and alpha,alpha,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed2004

Laboratory and field trial of developing medicinal local Thai plant products against four species of mosquito vectors.

Oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Zanthoxylum limonella (makaen), widely used essential oils for dental caries or flavoring of food in Thailand, were prepared as 10 experimental repellent products in gel or cream form against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles dirus under laboratory conditions, using the human-arm-in-cage method. Two products that gave the longest-lasting complete protection were selected to examine their repellency against a variety of mosquito species under field conditions. In laboratory tests, 0.1 g of each product was applied to 3x10 cm of exposed area on a volunteer's forearm, while in field trials, 1.0 g was applied to each volunteer's leg (from knee to ankle). In the laboratory, the gel dosage form contained 20% clove oil (Gel B) or 10% clove plus 10% makaen oil mixture (Gel E) were promising plant-based repellents against three mosquito species and gave significantly longer complete protection times of 4-5 hours than all other developing products. Therefore, their efficacy in the field was evaluated. Under field conditions, Gel E showed complete protection for 4 hours and gave 95.7% repellency after 5 hours application, whereas Gel B and 20% deet (di-methyl benzamide) provided only 86.8 and 82.7% repellency after treatment, respectively against Ae. aegypti, daytime-biting mosquitos. For nighttime-biting, the 3 repellents under development yielded equally excellent (average 97.1%) repellency for 5 hours against the predominant Cx. quinquefasciatus and Mansonia uniformis, but they gave 89.0% repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus. This finding demonstrated the effectiveness of Gel B and Gel E products for possible use by low-income rural communities against various mosquito species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aromaphytotherapy in prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children].

The authors' studies show pathogenetic validity of using aromaphytotherapy in children predisposed to acute respiratory diseases. Courses of essential oils aromaphytotherapy produce a wide spectrum of physiological changes reducing frequency of the respiratory diseases, exacerbations of chronic ENT diseases in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the rhizome oil of Hedychium larsenii.

The composition of essential oil from the rhizomes of Hedychium larsenii M. Dan & Sathish was examined by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. 99% of the oil consisted of monoterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids were present only in negligible quantities. Linalool and 1,8-cineole were identified as the major components. The oil showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigation of the essential oils from three Cephalotaxus species.

Essential oils from leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook., Cephalotaxus haningtonia K. Koch., Cephalotaxus sinensis Li. and variety Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea Koidz. underwent qualitative and quantitative analysis. The content of the oils obtained by hydrodistillation in the investigated species was 0.01 - 0.22% v/w. Gas chromatography (GC-MS) with flame ionisation detector (FID) showed generally 47 components in the essential oils. In all investigated species the presence of a-pinene varying from 18.4% to 35.1%, as well as sesquiterpene hydrocarbon beta-caryophyllene up to 22% at Cephalotaxus fortunei were revealed as the main components.

Cephalotaxus↗
PubMed2005

Repellent effect of plant essential oils against Aedes albopictus.

Six essential oils: asteraceae oil, rutaceae oil, mentha piperta oil, carvacryl oil, citronella oil, and eucalyptus oil were tested for evaluation of their repellent effects against Aedes albopictus mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Only citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were tested with human beings. There was considerable protection for mice. Carvacryl oil (7%) provided 100% protection for mice after 7 h. Eucalyptus oil (15%) gave protection to humans for least 3 h; the protection time was prolonged to 5 h after adding 5% vanillin. The mixture could be developed into a practical product after the field evaluation.

Aedes↗
PubMed2006

[A study of qualitative properties of the essential oil of Tanacetum vulgare L].

The study examined the qualitative properties of the essential oil obtained from the flower heads of the species Tanacetum vulgare L. The composition of the essential oil was evaluated in plants from various localities, which differed in the altitude, temperature gradient, as well as soil-climate conditions. With the use of gas chromatography (GC/MS), 49 constituents of the essential oil were separated, out of which 35 was identified. The shares of the constituents in the essential oil differed in dependence on the locality. In the lowest-lying locality with a relatively large sunshine, the content of beta-tujons in the essential oil was the highest, whereas in the regions lying towards the north the content of the essential oil was decreased and the content of camphor was increased. In the northern most region an increased number of chemovars of the camphor-cineole type was observed. In conclusion, it must be said that different climatic and agrotechnical conditions, geographical origin and adaptation of the genotypes of Tanacetum vulgare to the growth conditions can be the causes of the found chemotypes in the localities under examination.

Flowers↗
PubMed2006

[Studies on chemical components of essential oil of crude semen sinapis and roasted semen sinapis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical components of the essential oil of the Semen Sinapis with the different processing methods. METHOD: The essential oils of the crude Semen Sinapis and the roasted Semen Sinapis were extracted by steam distillation. The chemical components were analyzed by means of GC-MS-DS. The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization. RESULT: The main chemical components of the essential oil of the crude Semen Sinapis and the roasted Semen Sinapis were similar. The main chemical components were allyl isothiocyanate and 4-isothio-cyanato-1-butene. The chemical components of the essential oil of the crude Semen Sinapis were more than that of the roasted Semen Sinapis. CONCLUSION: The effect of different processing methods on the chemical components of the essential oil of Semen Sinapis was significant. Certain chemical components such as isothiocyanato-containing substances, were found in the crude Semen Sinapis.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of plant aromatic substances on the activity of various enzymes in the rat blood and liver].

Enzymatic activity was studied in blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver tissue homogenate of rats treated with vegetable aromatic substances. 60 rats were kept within 3 months in atmosphere containing naturally occurring concentrations of monarde ester oil. Control animals were maintained in usual atmosphere of vivarium. In liver tissues of control animals glycolytic processes predominated as shown by the data on increased activities of lactate- and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases. At the same time, activity of soluble microsomal enzyme acetyl esterase was decreased in liver tissue, while activity of these esterases was increased in blood plasma, thus suggesting that membrane structures were destabilized. Aromatic fractions of monarde ester oil, introduced into atmosphere, contributed to normalization of the enzymatic reactions studied.

Acetylesterase↗