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The rapid development of health care technology particularly the so-called 'high tech' innovations is having a significant impact upon the Australian health care system. The technological changes are occurring in a climate of economic constraints and are having notable effects on clinical nursing practice. Implications for clinicians, academics and managers are outlined.
Australia is a multicultural nation with its population coming from over 120 different cultural backgrounds. With the arrival of new immigrants from Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Lebanon over the last 20 years, issues such as the recruitment of bilingual and cross-cultural knowledgeable nurses have become a high priority within the health care system. However, recruiting these skilled professionals has been difficult. This study aimed to examine (1) non-English speaking background (NESB) high school students' career preferences in relation to nursing; and (2) whether nursing is perceived differently by the Korean, Lebanese, Vietnamese and mainland Chinese high school students. A convenience sample of 162 NESB high school students with parents from Korea, Lebanon, Vietnam and China was recruited from Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected by a questionnaire to measure students' knowledge about, attitudes towards and intention to study nursing and their demographic details. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe students' demographic background, their career preference and to compare knowledge, attitudes and intention scales among the NESB groups. Results indicated that less than 10% of students included nursing among their preferred career options. Korean students scored lower than the other NESB groups on attitude and intention towards nursing. The findings provide clues as to how nursing can be better promoted to NESB school leavers. Limitations of the study were discussed and recommendations were suggested for future research.
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AIM AND BACKGROUND: This study examines the influence of changes in work conditions on stress outcomes as well as influence of changes in stress outcomes on work conditions. As such, it answers questions still open in the literature regarding causality of work environmental characteristics and the health of nurses. METHOD: A complete, two wave panel design was used with a time interval of 3 years. The sample consisted of 381 hospital nurses in different functions, working in different wards. RESULTS: Changes in work conditions are predictive of the outcomes, especially of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The strongest predictors of job satisfaction were social support from supervisor, reward and control over work. The strongest predictors of emotional exhaustion were work and time pressure and physical demands. Reversed relationships were also found for these outcomes. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are consistent with transactional models of stress that indicate that stressors and stress outcomes mutually influence each other. To prevent nurses from a negative spiral, it seems of importance to intervene early in the process.
A major investigation in the North West region has aimed to ascertain attitudes towards, and expectations of, accident and emergency services among both client groups and professionals involved in the provision of the services. One element of the research has focussed on a questionnaire based survey among 260 nurses in nineteen hospital accident and emergency (A & E) departments. The results show that the nurses found their work to be interesting and satisfying and they enjoyed the challenge of a varied and unpredictable workload. They expected to deal with patients in need of urgent medical attention, and to use and develop their nursing skills and experience. On the whole, their expectations were met, although they were not very satisfied the the levels of cooperation from other hospital departments, their liaison with community services, and the amount of time which casual attenders with minor/non-urgent conditions occupied. The nurses were, however, generally sympathetic towards all A & E patients although they believed that many came for reasons of convenience and ignorance and that the general public need more education with regard to the appropriate use of an A & E department.
The quality of health services depends on the competence of the health service professionals. It is essential to define and evaluate professional competences in order to improve professional development, ensure the quality of, and manage, professionals in terms of their competences. To do so, it is necessary to utilize a combination of different methods. The evaluation of the diverse stages related to nursing--at the end of undergraduate studies, postgraduate studies or specialization, and during independent work--has different proposals, content and methods; and the institutions implicated in these stages should make themselves responsible to acquire the professional which society needs. Since 1994, more than 150 projects have been carried out in Catalonia which confirm the validity, trustworthiness, acceptability and utility of these evaluative methods in undergraduate and postgraduate studies and in the selection and accreditation of professionals.
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The discussion about the inequality conditions in which black population lives in Brazil, has been disguised by today's economical conjuncture which apparently sets with no restrictions the white, black and mestizos in absolute destitution conditions. Considered unracist, entitled by 'Folha de Sao Paulo/Datafolha' as Kind Racist, Brazil has being instituting way of living among races whose discrimination is expressed by the lack of opportunity and access to consumption services. This way, the insertion of the black in Brazilian society after slavery abolition is our study object. This bibliographical discusses social indicators aiming at describing this population strategies in conquering a social space. This study shows up the difficulties faced by this populational group regarding to its insertions to the work market as determinant factor to its social rising. We have included black male and female as citizens which compose the labor force in Nursing.
1. Work overload, lack of control over one's work, non-supportive work environment, limited job opportunity, role ambiguity, rotating shift work, and machine paced work are occupational stressors that have been suggested as factors contributing to psychological disorders. 2. The model of occupational stress defined in this article utilizes organizational social support and coping strategies as buffering agents with the potential to decrease occupational stress and burnout. 3. Although this model and suggested methods for measurement of components in the model were developed for the investigation of stress in health care populations, the model can be applied to other work settings.
The objective of the review was to gain more insight into the effects of occupational interventions for primary prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms in healthcare workers. The Cochrane Collaboration methodological guidelines for systematic reviews functioned as a starting point. Thirteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed for methodological quality and effects. Eight outcome effect areas were established and defined as areas in which an effect had been determined in at least two studies. A method based on levels of scientific evidence was then used to synthesize the information available. Strong scientific evidence for the beneficial effect of occupational interventions was found for the outcome effect areas physical discomfort, technical performance of transfers and frequency of manual lifting. Insufficient evidence was found for the effect areas absenteeism due to musculoskeletal problems, musculoskeletal symptoms, fatigue, perceived physical load and knowledge of risk factors at work and ergonomic principles. Training and education combined with an ergonomic intervention were found to be effective.
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