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PubMed2005

Barriers to intrauterine device insertion in postpartum women.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of postpartum women at the University of New Mexico who choose an IUD for contraception, the number who actually obtain one and the barriers to postpartum IUD insertion. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1627 postpartum women who delivered at the University of New Mexico. Those women who indicated at hospital discharge that they desired an IUD comprised the study group of 193 women. Medical records were reviewed to identify the timing of IUD placement. If an IUD was not inserted, we attempted to determine the reason by reviewing clinic records. RESULTS: Twelve percent of postpartum women requested an IUD. Records were available for 114 women. Of these, only 69 (60%) actually obtained an IUD. Barriers to postpartum IUD insertion included provider advice against the IUD, patient failure to return for a postpartum visit and early repeat pregnancy. CONCLUSION: We conclude that postpartum women desiring an IUD may have difficulty obtaining one.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Recreational rates and future land-use preferences for four Department of Energy sites: consistency despite demographic and geographical differences.

The management of ecosystems has been improved by both a public understanding of ecosystem structure and function and by managers' understanding of public perceptions and attitudes. This is especially true for contaminated lands where there are a variety of remediation, restoration, and future land-use decisions to be made. This paper synthesizes several surveys from four US Department of Energy (DOE) sites in the states of South Carolina, Idaho, Nevada, and New York. Although ethnic composition varied among the sites, age and gender did not. The percentage of the study population engaged in hunting ranged from 30% to 41% and that in fishing ranged from 55% to 74%. Average hunting rates ranged from 9 (New York) to 15 (South Carolina) days/year; average fishing rates ranged from 12 (New Mexico) to 38 (New York) days a year. Despite the demographic and recreational rate differences, there was remarkable agreement about future land uses. Maintaining these DOE sites as National Environmental Research Parks and using them for nonconsumptive recreation rated the highest. The lowest rated future land uses were current and additional nuclear waste storage and the building of homes and factories. People who participated in a recreational activity rated those future land uses higher than nonusers. While these data on recreational rates can be used to assess the potential risk to people using contaminated sites and to aid in setting clean-up standards based on potential risk, the information on land-use preferences can be used by managers to determine future use and to plan for such use. This information is particularly relevant to the Department of Energy's "Risk-based End State Vision."

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Persistent Yersinia pestis antigens in ischemic tissues of a patient with septicemic plague.

In November 2002, a couple from New Mexico traveled to New York where both had fever and unilateral inguinal adenopathy. The husband was in septic shock when he sought medical care and was admitted to an intensive care unit, where he developed ischemic necrosis of his feet which later required bilateral amputation. Yersinia pestis was grown from his blood. Immunohistochemical assays using anti-Y pestis antibodies demonstrated multiple bacteria and granular antigens in and around vessels of the ischemic amputation tissues obtained 20 days after initiation of antibiotics; however, no evidence of Y pestis was present in viable tissues. Immunohistochemical evidence of Y pestis inside vessels of gangrenous feet in this patient underscores the importance of adequate excision of necrotic or partially necrotic tissues because antibiotics cannot be effectively delivered to necrotic and poorly perfused tissues.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Fighting back against America's public health enemy number one.

Fighting Back is a comprehensive substance abuse program operating in 14 communities spread throughout the United States. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has committed more than $45 million over a 7-year period to plan and implement innovative, community-wide initiatives in Columbia, SC; Charlotte, NC; Kansas City, Mo; Little Rock, Ark; Northwest New Mexico; Milwaukee, Wis; New Haven, Conn; Newark, NJ; Oakland, Calif; San Antonio, Tex; Santa Barbara, Calif; Vallejo, Calif; Washington, DC; and Worcester, Mass. In this article the work in progress at the end of 18 months of a 5-year implementation program in each site is reported. A Fighting Back National Program Office operates from a base at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tenn. The senior staff of this office highlights the process that has unfolded to date, describes some of the sources of encouragement, and discusses some of the critical issues and sources of concern. A "Call to Action" on the part of the federal government is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Native Americans' cancer rates in comparison with other peoples of color.

BACKGROUND: The National Cancer Institute developed population-specific programs to better understand cancer as it occurs within underserved populations such as American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and American Samoans. METHODS: The data for American Samoans are derived from regional studies and from data collected from the Hawaii Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry. Native Hawaiian data are from the Hawaii SEER program and are limited to Native Hawaiians who live in that state. Alaska Native data are from the Lanier and Knutson 15-year summary of Alaska Native cancer data. American Indian data are from the New Mexico SEER program, which is generalizable to natives living in Arizona and New Mexico only and is relatively free of racial misclassification errors. RESULTS: An overview of age-adjusted cancer incidence and mortality rates among American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, African Americans, and whites for 1977-1983 is provided. Five-year relative survival rates from cancer are from 1975-1984. Relative survival rates are provided for American Indians, Native Hawaiians, African Americans, and whites. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited data available, divergent cancer patterns appear to be present in these Native American populations. Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians consistently display elevated rates that are frequently camouflaged when data are collapsed into "other" racial categories.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

Examining roles: home care & public health in disease prevention & health promotion.

The New Mexico Association for Home Care is conducting a survey of home care and public health professionals to determine the current industry views on prevention and home care. The results will be important for the whole industry, possibly in setting guidelines for prevention activities. Agencies interested in presenting their views may contact the New Mexico Association for Home Care.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1999

Collect data, monitor claims receipts to ensure prompt Medicare, Medicaid payment.

What to do when your Medicare or Medicaid plan pays claims late. Doctors in New Mexico say they're going broke because health plans don't pay for months. But managed care plans with commercial lives aren't the only plans that pay claims late. Plans with Medicare and Medicaid lives also can have payment problems. Find out how the physicians in New Mexico are tackling the problem, and see what you can do to prevent it from happening to you.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMed1996

Four Corners Research Consortium for Native Americans and cancer research.

Cancer morbidity and mortality in Native Americans in the Southwestern four-corners region of the United States (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah) is of critical concern to public health workers, health care providers, cancer researchers, and Native American communities of the region. As a follow-up to the national conference in Seattle, Washington, representatives from the Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah Cancer Centers, the AMC Cancer Research Center, and the Indian Health Service participated in a regional conference on September 26, 1995. The primary reason for the "Four Corners Consortium" meeting was to assess cancer research activities in each state and to determine how Native American cancer research could be organized in the four-state region. One interest of the group was to determine strategies to explore why some cancers are more or less prevalent among Southwest Native American populations and to evaluate how the group might jointly establish research that would address the cancer needs of Southwestern tribes.

Arizona↗
PubMed1983

Iodine-129 in mule deer thyroids in the Rocky Mountain West.

Thyroids from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were collected in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Idaho and 129I/127I atom ratios were determined. Iodine-129/127 atom ratios were significantly (P less than 0.005) different among states. Ratios in Wyoming and Idaho control thyroids were significantly (P less than 0.05) larger than ratios in New Mexico and Colorado. Fallout from past atmospheric nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site is suggested as a possible explanation for the differences in ratios. Average 129I/127I ratios in thyroids of other large mammals collected 54 km west and 116 km northeast of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in south eastern Idaho were up to 15 times those found in control thyroid samples from Idaho. Atmospheric effluents from the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant located on the INEL were likely responsible for the increased ratios in animals collected in the INEL vicinity. Although of no health consequence to the animals, 129I in deer thyroids may be a sensitive indicator of contaminants from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants and atmospheric nuclear tests or accidents.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The 'request for proposal' approach to designation of a trauma center.

Although much has been written about the need for trauma centers, little has been published concerning the method of designating one. The New Mexico Emergency Medical Service Bureau of the Health and Environment Department invited all hospitals in the region. A selection committee made up of two trauma surgeons and an emergency physician reviewed the RFP documents and visited each competing hospital. The selection committee's report was presented to the New Mexico Medical Society in an open forum. The Emergency Medical Service Bureau reviewed both the report and the response of the medical society, which was supportive. Finally, a designation was made by the bureau and announced by the governor, and was well accepted by all of the participating parties.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Implications of the distribution of Albumin Naskapi and Albumin Mexico for new world prehistory.

The known distributions of two mutational variants of the albumin gene that are restricted to Mexico and/or North America, Albumin Mexico (AL*Mexico) and Albumin Naskapi (AL*Naskapi), were expanded by the electrophoretic analysis of sera collected from more than 3, 500 Native Americans representing several dozen tribal groups. With a few exceptions that could be due to recent, isolated cases of admixture, AL*Naskapi is limited to groups that speak Athapaskan and Algonquian, two widely distributed language families not thought to be related, and to several linguistically unrelated groups geographically proximate to its probable ancestral homeland. Similarly, AL*Mexico is limited to groups that speak Yuman or Uto-Aztecan, two language groups in the American Southwest and Baja California not thought to be closely related to each other, and to several linguistically unrelated groups throughout Mexico. The simultaneous consideration of genetic, historical, linguistic, and archaeological evidence suggests that AL*Naskapi probably originated on the northwestern coast of North America, perhaps in some group ancestral to both Athapaskans and Algonquians, and then spread by migration and admixture to contiguous unrelated, or distantly related, tribal groups. AL*Mexico probably originated in Mexico before 3,000 years BP then spread northward along the Tepiman corridor together with cultural influences to several unrelated groups that participated in the Hohokam culture.

Albumins↗
PubMed1981

Predicting the need for primary care specialists: the example of a southwestern state.

Because of a need to project the requirements for the training of primary care practitioners in the state of New Mexico, we reviewed available means of determining health manpower needs. Combining several of these methods, we constructed a three-tiered model, taking into account different patterns of care-seeking in areas of various population densities. These methods may be applicable in other states like New Mexico where densely populated cities contrast with sparsely settled rural areas. All such methods, however, are confounded by the state of balance of many factors, including immigration and emigration of physicians, use of nonphysician providers, and patient movement across boundaries for care. This report contributes to the growing literature on health manpower needs by recognizing and attempting to account for differences between urban and rural patterns of care-seeking.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1993

Determinants of cancer therapy in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Older patients with cancer are less likely to receive definitive therapy, but the reasons for this are unclear. METHODS: All people aged 65 years or older living in six counties in New Mexico and diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer between May 15, 1984 and May 15, 1986 (N = 669) were interviewed to obtain information on demographics, socioeconomic status, functional status, social support, other medical conditions, and cognitive status. Cancer treatment information was obtained from the New Mexico Tumor Registry. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, the following variables were associated significantly with nonreceipt of definitive therapy for cancer: advanced age, impairment in activities of daily living, low physical activity, decreased mental status, impaired access to transportation, and poor social support. In a multivariate analysis with the above variables along with measures of comorbidity, only advanced age and decreased mental status remained significant predictors of nonreceipt of definitive surgery, whereas the effects of impaired access to transportation and low physical activity remained relatively large but no longer were statistically significant. When receipt of surgery and receipt of radiation therapy were considered separately, older age, limited access to transportation, impaired functional status, and impaired mental status all significantly predicted nonreceipt of radiation therapy, but not surgery. CONCLUSIONS: There is a decline with age in the percentage of adults with cancer who received definitive therapy independent of other potentially explanatory factors such as comorbidity. In addition, decisions about radiation may be influenced by nonmedical, potentially correctable factors such as impaired access to transportation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Nutrient and organic carbon trends and patterns in the upper Rio Grande, 1975-1999.

Nutrient patterns and trends were analyzed using USGS water quality data collected from 1975 to 1999 along the uppermost 600 km of the Rio Grande in Colorado and New Mexico. Data on discharge, pH, organic carbon (total), N-NH(4+)+organic N (total), NH4+ (dissolved), N-NO(2-)+N-NO3- (dissolved), phosphorus (total), and P-orthophosphate (dissolved) came from six USGS stations--Lobatos, Taos Junction, Otowi, San Felipe, Isleta and Bernardo--ranging from the Colorado-New Mexico border to about 80 km below Albuquerque, NM. Kendall's S and Seasonal Kendall's S' were used to measure trend, and ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used to analyze spatial differences between stations. Temporal trend analyses show widespread decreases in N and P concentrations at most stations, likely due to improvements in sewage treatment and dilution from increasing discharge. N-NO(2-)+N-NO3- (dissolved) and total nitrate load increases at Isleta and Bernardo, likely due to improved nitrification in sewage treatment and to increasing human population. Spatial analyses show large increases for most parameters at Isleta. All parameters show decreases again at Bernardo, about 50 km downstream from Isleta, except for N-NO(2-)+N-NO3- (dissolved), which continues to increase. Urbanization in the Albuquerque area significantly impacts downstream river nutrient levels.

Colorado↗
PubMed2004

Identification of skunk species submitted for rabies testing in the desert southwest.

Skunks usually are identified by their common name (skunk) when submitted for rabies testing. In the desert southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, USA; and northern Mexico), there are five species of skunks; four of which can occur in sympatry. To better understand the ecology of skunk rabies in these areas, it is imperative that species be properly identified. We used the displacement loop (d-loop) of the mitochondrial genome to identify to species 24 skunk brain samples submitted for rabies testing in New Mexico from 2001 to 2002. Most were identified as striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), but hooded (Mephitis macroura) and hog-nosed (Conepatus leuconotus) skunks were also found.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions: a leading cause of death among minorities.

The Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death includes the category, "symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions" for nonspecific causes of death. To determine whether this categorization of cause of death is commonly applied to New Mexico's minority populations, the authors examined state vital records data for 1958-1982. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates were calculated by 5-year intervals for Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites. Death rates attributed to symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions in all three major ethnic groups in New Mexico far exceeded the national rate for whites. For males in the period 1978-1982, American Indians had the highest rates (115.6 per 100,000 males), followed by Hispanics (58.3 per 100,000 males), and non-Hispanic whites (49.2 per 100,000 males); the national rates were 41.3 and 13.1 per 100,000 males for blacks and whites, respectively. Comparable differences were observed among females. The authors suggest that the death rate for deaths attributed to symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions may be a potential indicator of access to and use of health services and that the categorization may strongly affect cause-specific death rates in minority populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A quasi-experimental evaluation of Students Against Driving Drunk.

The current research was designed to assess the effectiveness of one nationally prominent and highly publicized driving while intoxicated (DWI) prevention program for youth, Students Against Driving Drunk (S.A.D.D.). Process and outcome data were collected over a 2-year period in two states--California and New Mexico. In each state, one treatment school which implemented S.A.D.D. was compared to a closely matched comparison school on a variety of DWI-related measures over three waves of survey data collection. Process data indicated that in neither school was the entire S.A.D.D. model implemented. Student participation was moderate in the California school and marginal in the New Mexico school. There was also little evidence that S.A.D.D. stimulated increased curriculum attention to DWI issues. Outcome data provided no evidence for effects of S.A.D.D. on any of the DWI measures. General maturational trends in these variables were observed in the study cohorts, but these trends were not differentiated between the treatment and comparison schools. There was also no support for the concern that S.A.D.D. may stimulate student drinking by encouraging alternative means of transportation for intoxicated students.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Population and clonal level responses of a perennial grass following fire in the northern Chihuahuan Desert.

Relationships involving fire and perennial grasses are controversial in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands of southern New Mexico, USA. Research suggests that fire delays the resprouting of perennial grasses well after two growing seasons. However, such results are confounded by livestock grazing, soil erosion, and drought. Additionally, post-fire grass responses may depend on initial clone size. We evaluated the effects of fire, grazing, and clone size on Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) in southern New Mexico grasslands. Four 2-ha plots were established in each of four sites. Fire and grazing were applied or not applied in 1999 such that four treatment combinations were assigned randomly to plots within each site. Within each plot, small (0-10 cm(2) basal area), medium (10-30 cm(2)), and large ( > 30 cm(2)) clones were initially mapped in five 0.91-m(2) quadrats where grass attributes and litter cover were evaluated before and at the end of two growing seasons following fire. Maximum fire temperature was also measured. At a population level, canopy and litter cover were each approximately 50% less in burned than unburned areas. However, compared to initial levels, canopy height had increased by 10% at the end of the study, regardless of fire. At a clonal level, basal cover reductions were attributed mostly to large clones that survived fire. Smaller clone densities had decreased by as much as 19% in burned compared to unburned areas, and fire reduced the basal cover of medium clones. Basal and canopy cover, recruitment, and clone basal area decreased with increased fire temperatures. Almost all responses were independent of grazing, and interactive effects of grazing and fire were not detected. Fire did not kill all perennial grass clones, regardless of size. However, rapid responses were likely influenced by above-average precipitation after fire. Future studies in desert grasslands should examine how perennial grass dynamics are affected by fire, precipitation patterns, and interactions with grazing.

Analysis of Variance↗