Staphylococcus saprophyticus as the cause of infected urinary calculus.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Magnesium Compounds”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Struvite calculus in the vagina of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
On 27 January 2000, a struvite calculus was observed in the vagina during necropsy of a 138-cm-long female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) collected from the Stono River, South Carolina (USA). Vaginal calculi have been reported in other species of cetaceans but not in bottlenose dolphins. Urinary tract infection might have been an underlying cause of the calculus. While urinary tract inflammation was not detected by light microscopic evaluation of sections of the urinary tract, it is conceivable that sufficient time had lapsed following voiding of the calculus through the urethra for urinary tract infection to have resolved. To further define the prevalence and significance of urolithiasis, prosectors of dead stranded marine mammals are encouraged to closely observe their urinary and genital tracts for calculi and to submit them for quantitative analysis.
Animals↗
Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps).
Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a urease-positive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
Animals↗
[The use of new biologically compatible materials in filling defects of the jaw].
A method for plastic repair of defects and deformations of the mandible by implants made of glass-crystal material based on magnesium orthophosphate and fluoroapatite is described. Good results and experience gained by the present time in the use of biocompatible crystal glass materials recommends them for wider use.
Adolescent↗
[Urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Meeting of the Panel for Nutrition and Dietetics of the Veterinary Society].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
[Dissolution of ammonium-magnesium phosphate lithiasis with medical systemic treatment. Report of a case].
Presentation of one case of ammonium-magnesium phosphate calculi breakdown using systemic medical treatment with oral Acetohydroxamine acid dosed at 125 mg/8 h and antibiotic therapy based on the antibiogram results. This type of treatment is generally used in an attempt to eradicate the infection, and as prophylaxis of relapse following surgical treatment or SWEL in these difficult to eradicate calculi due to their high tendency to recur.
Aged↗
[The effect of combined therapy with a salt solution of Poltava bischofite on the clinical status, adaptive hormone level and blood rheology in patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver and gallbladder].
Efficiency has been studied of a combined treatment involving the use of mineral baths with the brine of bischofite Poltavsky. Bischofite is a natural efficacious preparation, low-cost, it is easily obtainable. The Poltava lands abound in bischofite deposits.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
[Clinical and metabolic features of renal calculi in adults in regard to age of onset].
BACKGROUND: In this paper, the clinical and metabolic patterns of nephrolithiasis in different ages of adulthood are studied. METHODS: Eight-hundred patients observed at the Mauriziano Hospital between 1990 and 1995, were classified into 3 groups, on the basis of age at the onset of disease: A: 20 through 39 years; B: 40 through 59; C: 60 years and over. RESULTS: Calcium-oxalate stones had a lower recurrence in C (19.1%) and B (31.5%) than in A (41.7%). Pure uric acid stones recurred in 18.9% of C, 16.7% of B and 4.3% of A. The prevalence of hypercalciuria was higher in A (50.3%) than in B (35.9%) and C (36%); so did hypocitraturia. Hyperuricuria was lower in A (5%, p < 0.05) than in B (9.4%) and C (10%). Low urine pH (< 5.5) was 13% in A, 21.3% in B, 38% in C. Prevalence of hyperoxaluria was about 14% in all groups. The whole prevalence of secondary forms of stone disease was 13% in A, 12% in B and 30% in C. Differences among groups were mainly due to prevalence of urological abnormalities and urinary tract infection. In patients without metabolic disturbances. urological abnormalities or urinary tract infections altogether, were 4.6% in A; 5.2% in B; 33% in C. Urological approach removed 8% of stones in A, 5.6% in B and 10.2% in C. CONCLUSIONS: Higher morbidity in younger patients could be due to a lower prevalence of easier-passing uric acid stones. The higher occurrence of urological disturbances and struvite stones in the elderly could explain the higher morbidity in this group.
Adult↗
Historical perspectives and current advancements in the bacteriology and medical therapy of struvite urinary stone disease.
Struvite calculi have afflicted man for thousands of years. Despite recent advances in surgical technology to treat these disabling stones, high recurrence rates and inability to remove all stone fragments remain significant problems. Previous non-surgical alternatives have been disappointing because of low success rates, increased side effects or poor tolerability. New research in this area continues to provide insight into origins of lithogenesis and non-invasive therapy for calculi caused by infection.
Bacteria↗
Proteus mirabilis viability after lithotripsy of struvite calculi.
PURPOSE: We tested the hypotheses that Proteus mirabilis viability of struvite calculi differs after exposure to different lithotripsy modalities and that the photothermal mechanism of holmium:YAG lithotripsy is antibacterial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human calculi of known struvite composition (greater than 90% magnesium ammonium phosphate hexohydrate) were incubated with P. mirabilis. Calculi were randomly distributed and fragmented with no lithotripsy (controls), or shock wave, intracorporeal ultrasonic, electrohydraulic, pneumatic, holmium:YAG or pulsed dye laser lithotripsy. After lithotripsy fragments were sonicated and specimens were serially plated for 48 hours at 38C. Bacterial counts and the rate of bacterial sterilization were compared. RESULTS: Median bacterial counts (colony-forming units per ml.) were 8 x 10(6) in controls and 3 x 10(6) in shock wave, 3 x 10(7) in ultrasonic, 4 x 10(5) in electrohydraulic, 8 x 10(6) in pneumatic, 5 x 10(4) in holmium:YAG and 1 x 10(6) in pulsed dye laser lithotripsy cases (p <0.001). The rate of bacterial sterilization was 50% for holmium:YAG lithotripsy treated stones versus 0% for each of the other cohorts (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: P. mirabilis viability varies among lithotrites. The photothermal mechanism of holmium:YAG lithotripsy is antibacterial.
Humans↗
Combination therapy in the treatment of patients with staghorn calculi.
The treatment of patients with staghorn calculi remains a challenging problem. Combination therapy using percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has been recommended as the best option for most patients. Using this technique, 10 (83%) of 12 renal units with partial or complete staghorn calculi were rendered stone-free, with no significant septic episodes or serious complications. Blood transfusion was necessary in three patients. "Sandwich" therapy using initial percutaneous debulking followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and/or "second-look" nephroscopy offers patients a high likelihood of achieving a stone-free state while avoiding the morbidity and lengthy recovery associated with open surgery.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Surreptitious laxative abuse: keep it in mind.
The clinical example is one of diarrhea induced by the surreptitious use of laxatives. A 45-year-old man had a 3-year history of diarrhea, which had been fully investigated, without a cause having been identified. His general health appeared to be affected little, but he had the clinical features of an associated depressive illness. The diagnosis of laxative abuse was supported by the finding of abnormally high concentrations of magnesium in fecal water. He admitted initially, and later denied, the surreptitious ingestion of laxatives. This example is discussed with regard to features that were typical and atypical of the syndrome of laxative abuse. The significant points to be appreciated are 1) that any chronic, watery diarrhea that has eluded diagnosis after an adequate investigation is possibly self-induced, and 2) that awareness of this syndrome and its prevalence in selected cohorts can lead to direct and inexpensive documentation of the diagnosis.
Cathartics↗
[Correlations between crystalluria and composition of calculi].
UNLABELLED: The successful fragmentation of kidney stones by means of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy partly depends on stone composition. In case of incomplete or coarse fragmentation, multiple urological procedures following ESWL may be necessary for removal of obstructive fragments. It is difficult to be sure that a given stone will be successfully destroyed. X-ray examinations before treatment are useful to classify calculi as calcium stones or not. Nevertheless, such investigations are often not sufficient to identify the main crystalline phases which form the stone and that can make it either resistant or friable to ESWL. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare crystalluria and stone composition in patients with kidney calculi. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-five untreated patients (54 males, 21 females) were included. Their first morning urine was collected three days before surgical removal of the stone. Urine samples were kept at 4 degrees C during 48 hours before examination. RESULTS: Crystalluria occurred in 97.3% of urine specimens. Weddellite was the most frequent crystalline species found in urine (66.2%), followed by carbapatite (33.1%) and whewellite (23.1%). When compared to stone composition, crystalluria was mainly made of weddellite in urines from 68% of patients with weddellite-rich calculi. Stones from patients presenting with whewellite crystals in urine were mainly composed of whewellite in 88.9% of cases. Struvite stones were associated with struvite and carbapatite crystalluria in 85.7% of cases. CONCLUSION: Crystalluria studies could be of clinical interest to predict the main crystalline phase of calcium-containing stones in order to define the best procedures for stone removal.
Adult↗
[Giant bladder stone: a case report].
An 88-year-old woman was hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, miction pain and pollakisuria. Radiographs showed a giant bladder stone shadow, 12.0 x 9.0 cm in size. Cystolithotomy was performed under the diagnosis of bladder stone. The extirpated stone weighed 510 g, and measured 10.0 x 7.5 x 6.0 cm in size. The stone had four compartments of stratified lamellae composed of calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. The postoperative course was uneventful and the bilateral hydronephrosis improved markedly on DIP.
Aged↗
Mechanism of Ca2+-induced inhibition of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase.
The causes of inhibition of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) by Ca2+ were investigated. The interactions of several mutant pyrophosphatases with Ca2+ in the absence of substrate were analyzed by equilibrium dialysis. The kinetics of Ca2+ inhibition of hydrolysis of the substrates MgPPi and LaPPi by the native PPase and three mutant enzymes (Asp-42-Asn, Ala, and Glu) were studied. X-Ray data on E. coli PPase complexed with Ca2+ or CaPPi solved at atomic resolution were analyzed. It was shown that, in the course of the catalytic reaction, Ca2+ replaces Mg2+ at the M2 site, which shows higher affinity for Ca2+ than for Mg2+. Different properties of these cations account for active site deformation. Our findings indicate that the filling of the M2 site with Ca2+ is sufficient for PPase inhibition. This fact proves that Ca2+ is incapable of properly activating the H2O molecule for nucleophilic attack on PPi. It was also demonstrated that Ca2+, as a constituent of the non-hydrolyzable substrate analog CaPPi, competes with MgPPi at the M3 binding site. As a result, Ca2+ is a powerful inhibitor of all known PPases. Other possible reasons for the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on the enzyme activity are also considered.
Alanine↗
Evaluation of groundwater pollution potential of sewage-irrigated vegetable growing areas of the eastern fringe of Calcutta city.
In recent years recycling in agriculture is a common method of disposal or utilisation of waste. However, recycling of wastes may cause contamination of groundwater by toxic elements like heavy metals, cationic and anionic contaminants and pathogens. Groundwater of shallow and deep tubewells was collected during 1991 to 1997 from raw sewage effluent irrigated garbage farming areas on the eastern fringe of Calcutta city. In general raw sewage effluents, sludges and sewage-irrigated soils contain very high amounts of cations, anions, organics and heavy metals. It is found that most of the groundwater contained undesirable pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, phenolic compounds, iron and manganese and the observed values or concentrations were much above the maximum desirable limits specified by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for use as drinking water. Groundwater of that area may be used for irrigation. Dispersion by leaching of the metals, cationic and anionic contaminants from irrigated soil and from settled bottom sludge in unlined sewage channels are the principal causes of groundwater contamination. Some management plans have been suggested to control further deterioration of groundwater quality.
Agriculture↗
[The interaction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with clay minerals].
It is shown that such clay minerals as palygorskite and montmorillonite stimulate growth activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The bacteria come into contact with the above minerals. Granulated preparations of rhizobia have been developed on the basis of the results obtained. These preparations are characterized by the high yield of viable cells and a possibility of long-term storage. The use of montmorillonite in production of granulated preparations provides the higher yield of viable bacteria in the preparations and stability of their composition under long-term storage.
Aluminum Silicates↗
[Nephrolithiasis].
The development of efficacious techniques for stone elimination, and in particular of extracorporeal lithotripsy, slackened, in the last two decades, the pharmacological research on nephrolithiasis, with the result that the currently available efficacious drugs are very few. Instead, the recent elucidation of some relevant etiopathogenetic aspects, with special reference to the quantitative and qualitative changes of specific urinary inhibitors of crystallization, could open new therapeutic avenues for many lithiasic forms, now considered idiopathic.
Calcium↗