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PubMed1988

The effect of cochleostomy on the development of endolymphatic hydrops--morphologic changes in the rabbit cochlea.

The present study was designed to examine the effects of cochleostomy on the development of endolymphatic hydrops in the rabbit. Fistulization of the cochlear partition and simultaneous obstruction of the endolymphatic duct was performed in one group of animals (n = 13). Rabbits in two other groups underwent either cochleostomy (n = 6) or endolymphatic duct obstruction (n = 6) alone. Animals were terminated at 1-, 4-, and 6-week intervals and the cochleas were examined with the light microscope to document the presence or absence of hydrops, or were evaluated with the scanning electron microscope to assess sensory-cell damage. Hydrops was observed in 67% of the animals in the combined duct-obstruction/cochleostomy group, in 100% of the duct-obstruction alone group, and in 0% of the cochleostomy alone group. Widespread sensory-cell degeneration was observed with the scanning electron microscope in the combined and the cochleostomy alone groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Perilymphatic hypertension.

A syndrome termed perilymphatic hypertension is described as being seen in a small subset of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. A patent or semipatent cochlear aqueduct or modiolus are considered precursors to this condition. Perilymphatic hypertension is believed to predispose to perilymphatic fistula, which may be part of the process of resolution. The pathogenesis for perilymphatic hypertension and fistula are hypothesized and discussed. Treatment for this subset of patients consisted of paracentesis of the round window membrane followed by grafting, with improvement of hearing in certain patients. In no instance did hearing subsequently decrease.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1988

ECoG results in perilymphatic fistula: clinical and experimental studies.

Patients with perilymphatic fistula have been described as having symptoms similar to Meniere's disease and endolymphatic hydrops. Direct clinical or experimental evidence linking the two inner ear disorders has been lacking. An enhancement of the summating potential observed with electrocochleography suggests a diagnosis of ELH in both of these inner ear disorders. In this study, ECoG results of 27 patients with surgically confirmed PLF are reported. Fourteen patients with surgically confirmed spontaneous PLF had abnormal ECoG. Six of these 14 patients had normal hearing. The ECoG changes in patients with Meniere's disease and those with surgically confirmed PLF are identical, indicating the underlying pathologic change in both is hydrops. But there is no specific diagnostic abnormality on ECoG that differentiates these two inner ear disorders. Also, an experimental model of PLF was developed and studied in guinea pigs. "Inactive" PLF is defined as "an opening was made into the cochlea, but if no perilymph moved out through the fistula, it was defined as inactive" An "active" PLF occurs when perilymph actually moves from the inner ear out to the middle ear. ECoGs were recorded before and after creation of an "active" PLF. ECoG abnormalities were seen in "active" PLF and correlated with histologic data demonstrating ELH. An abnormally enhanced summating potential was demonstrated after active removal of perilymph through the experimentally created fistula. Cochlear duct histology showed hydropic distention of Reissner's membrane in the experimental ears and no changes in the membranous labyrinths of the unoperated, control ears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗