Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Expression of c-erb B-2 oncoprotein in cancer of the larynx in relation to invasion of the cartilagenous framework and prognosis.

Oncogenes are important cellular genes that in general promote in the normal growth regulatory pathways. The human c-erb B-2 proto-oncogene (HER-2 or neu) encodes a 185 kDa transmembrane putative growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase family. This oncogene has been shown to be over expressed and/or amplified in primary carcinoma of the breast, ovary, pancreas and salivary glands. This study was conducted to evaluate a possible link between amplification of c-erb B-2 oncoprotein and cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. In addition, data concerning overexpression were compared to other clinicopathological parameters as well as clinical outcomes. In all, 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were studied prospectively. Total laryngectomy specimens were sliced in horizontal sections at 4- to 5-mm intervals. Specimens were preserved in 10% formalin, and histopathological examinations were carried out after embedding tissues in paraffin sections and then staining them with hematoxylin and eosin. Detection of c-erb B-2 oncoprotein overexpression was carried out with a polyclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin kit. The level of c-erb B-2 overexpression was determined using the Quantimet 520 Leica image analyzing system. However, no significant correlation was found between cartilage invasion and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Overexpression of c-erb B-2 attained no significant correlation with clinicopathological parameters. In contrast, the correlation of c-erb B-2 overexpression and cartilage invasion was statistically significant (P = 0.034). In general, overexpression of c-erb B-2 oncoprotein was related to the more aggressive tumors with high capability of invading laryngeal cartilages. Patients with +ve c-erb B-2 oncogene had a poor prognosis but this was not statistically significant when compared to the clinical outcomes of patients with the -ve c-erb B-2 oncogene.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An approach to the failed cricoid split operation.

The cricoid split operation is a well established treatment for subglottic stenosis; the success rate for this procedure is approximately 77%. The management of patients who fail this operation has traditionally involved tracheostomy followed by delayed laryngotracheoplasty. We have treated 22 patients using the cricoid split--6 required subsequent tracheostomy. Two-thirds of the patients with a tracheostomy have been unable to be decannulated, even after laryngotracheoplasty. In contrast, 3 patients had repeat cricoid split operations instead of tracheostomy. All 3 of these children have had no further problems with their airway. The authors propose that in patients who fail the cricoid split operation one consider repeating the procedure instead of performing a tracheostomy.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Differential effects of endolaryngeal trauma upon the growth of the subglottis.

In young rabbits (4-week-old) the growth of the subglottis was studied after an endolaryngeal soft tissue trauma. The injury induced the formation of a subglottic stenosis. In contrast to earlier observations on endolaryngeal trauma extending into the cricoid cartilage, the cricoid developed normally to the adult size and shape at 24 weeks. Similar to the earlier findings, the subepithelial layer showed considerable thickening as the result of formation of scar tissue, ectopic cartilage and fatty tissue with interruption of the elastic tunica (= conus elasticus). It was concluded that after endolaryngeal trauma in rabbits two types of subglottic stenosis can develop, determined by the depth of the injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aspects of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic pathology.

Post-mortem radiological studies of the hyoid-larynx complex on excised specimens were undertaken. The post-mortem specimens were fixed to polysterene boards by ratio-translucent plastic pins. Radiological examinations revealed a fracture of the left greater cornu of the hyoid bone in a case of suicidal hanging; a fracture through the calcified right superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage in a case of blunt trauma to the left side of the head and neck; and a fracture artefact through the middle of the left greater cornu of the hyoid bone through compression of the structure by manipulation during the process of removal of the neck structures. In each instance the fracture sites were exposed and photographed. The use of a technique which permits a radiological examination of free dissected specimens of the hyoid-larynx complex has many advantages in the medicolegal investigations of injuries of the neck.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1985

Emergency cricothyrostomy--technique and anatomical considerations.

Cricothyrostomy is the procedure of choice for emergency airway control when nasotracheal and endotracheal intubation are not possible or contraindicated. A vertical skin incision followed by a horizontal incision in the cricothyroid membrane are used. A number 6 tracheostomy tube should be used due to the anatomic size of the cricothyroid space. Using this technique, complications are rare.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Nemaline rods in cricopharyngeal dysphagia.

Cricopharyngeal dysphagia, a disorder of uncertain pathogenesis, is most frequently found in patients with associated gastroesophageal reflux. Seven patients who had dominant cricopharyngeal dysphagia were evaluated. Manometry showed characteristic motor incoordination. Biochemical profiles and endoscopy were normal. Electronmicroscopic examination of the cricopharyngeal muscle biopsy specimens obtained during myotomy showed significant ultrastructural abnormalities. These included numerous and aberrant mitochondria, increased glycogen, lipid inclusions, and phagolysozomes. A striking finding was the presence of numerous nemaline rods in five of seven biopsy specimens examined. The pathologic changes in this muscle in cryopharyngeal dysphagia have not been reported previously. Structural changes are thought to be a secondary response to reflux injury. Nemaline rods form part of the structural abnormality of muscle in patients who have cricopharyngeal dysphasia with no evidence of underlying generalized disease or myopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cricothyroidotomy for long-term tracheal access. A prospective analysis of morbidity and mortality in 76 patients.

Cricothyroidotomy for long-term tracheal access was prospectively studied in 76 critically ill patients. Thirty patients (39%) survived and 46 (61%) died. Mean duration of follow-up computed in all survivors was 8.5 months. Postmortem examination of the airway was performed in 85% of the nonsurvivors. Five patients (7%) had major complications including one death, subglottic stenosis in two adolescent patients, reversible subglottic granulation with partial obstruction in one patient, and tracheomalacia in one patient. Minor complications occurred in 23 (30%) survivors. Eleven (28%) of the nonsurvivors examined post mortem had airway pathology, including ulceration, hemorrhage and abscess at the stoma or cuff site, subglottic erosion, and mucosal separation. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters studied between the group with and the group without airway pathology. The morbidity and mortality of cricothyroidotomy in adults are similar to that reported for tracheostomy. However, cricothyroidotomy should be avoided in children and adolescents because of the risk of subglottic stenosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Use of the anterior cricoid split operation in infants with acquired subglottic stenosis.

Ten infants with acquired subglottic stenosis were treated successfully using the anterior cricoid split operation. Eight had been preterm infants who required endotracheal intubation and assisted ventilation for the respiratory distress syndrome. Two had been born at term; 1 required mechanical ventilation for aspiration of meconium and the other intubation for obstructive apnea. All had been extubated successfully in less than 2 wk and were discharged home with no signs of subglottic stenosis. These infants were referred at 2 to 13 months of age for evaluation of upper airway obstruction. By bronchoscopy, we confirmed severe subglottic stenosis in each of the infants. The anterior cricoid split procedure requires a single midline vertical incision through the anterior cartilaginous ring of the cricoid cartilage and the upper 2 tracheal rings. Our postoperative management included 7 to 10 days of endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blockade, sedation, and total parenteral nutrition. All were extubated at the end of this period without evidence of stridor or obstructive apnea. One patient developed a subglottic granuloma at the level of the cricoid cartilage 4 months after the operation; this was successfully excised with the carbon dioxide laser. The other 9 patients remain asymptomatic 1 month to 1 yr after the surgical repair.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Cricothyroidostomy in head and neck surgery.

Cricothyroidostomy is a procedure whose time has come back. Having been quickly and widely readopted by thoracic surgeons in the past 4 years, it is a technique that is particularly advantageous to the head and neck surgeon for many reasons. In the absence of any compelling experience to the contrary, we foresee a diminishing role for the "standard" tracheostomy. Cricothyroidostomy appears to be a safe and effective procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The determination of an effective cricoid pressure.

A study of cricoid pressure was undertaken to relate the applied cricoid force with the resulting intraluminal cricopharyngeal (or oesophageal) pressure. The results indicate that whilst there was a wide range in normal adults a cricoid force of 44 N was judged to be effective in protecting the majority of adult patients from regurgitation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Congenital cricoid stenosis.

A case of congenital cricoid stenosis in a 9-year-old girl was reported. The stenosis was confirmed by direct laryngoscopy and laryngotracheograms performed through the tracheostoma. The excess cartilaginous tissue was removed under a midline incision of the cricoid cartilage (cricoidplasty). Seventeen cases of cricoid stenosis reported since 1960 were studied and the clinical entity was discussed. On the basis of the embryology of the larynx, the mechanism of origin of this malformation was also discussed. Although cricoid stenosis was a fatal malformation before 1968, it is now a curable disease using an emergency tracheostomy and a cricoidplasty.

Child↗