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PubMed1980

[Immunoprevention of staphylococcal infections at an industrial enterprise].

The immunogenicity, immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of the subcutaneous, enteral and combined immunizations of the workers at a steel plant with staphylococcal toxoid has been studied. The subcutaneous injection of the adsorbed toxoid in a dose of 0.2 ml by means of the jet injector, model, was accompanied by moderate reactogenicity (the frequency of local reactions was 26.8%, and the frequency of systemic reaction 18%) and produced 4-fold increase in antitoxin titers and 12-fold decrease in the morbidity rate of staphyloccal infection. Enteral immunization in 3 administrations proved to be nonreactogenic and only slightly effective (antitoxin titers increased more than 2-fold, morbidity rate fell 2-fold). Combined immunization (subcutaneous and enteral) with the toxoid, preceded by the injection of gamma globulin, reduced the frequency of reaction 2- to 3-fold and stimulated antitoxin production (the titer increased 8-fold), thus decreasing the morbidity rate of staphylococcal infection 3.1-fold.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Computer analysis of Doppler color flow mapping images for quantitative assessment of in vitro fluid jets.

To determine the ability of Doppler color flow mapping to accurately and reproducibly assess the flow volume and kinetic energy of in vitro fluid jets, a Doppler color flow mapping system was interfaced with an image processing computer. An aliasing correction algorithm was used to extend the upper limit of measurable velocity to 184 cm/s. Images were analyzed for jet area (equal to the total number of image pixels) and jet energy (equal to the sum of all pixel velocities squared), both integrated over all frames of the injection and in single maximal frames. The Doppler flow mapping area and energy measurements were compared with known flow volume and delivered kinetic energy, and the effects of four experimental variables (orifice area, gain setting, chamber compliance and chamber size) were evaluated. Jet area correlated nonlinearly with flow volume and was markedly affected by each of these experimental variables, increasing by 40 to 150% from the smallest to the largest orifice size, 15 to 94% with the highest versus the lowest gain setting, 1 to 54% with greater chamber compliance and 7 to 70% in the large versus the small chamber. In contrast, jet energy correlated linearly with delivered kinetic energy up to 350,000 ergs, at which point velocities started to exceed the extended velocity range and second wrap aliasing occurred. The relation was not affected by orifice area, gain or compliance, and was only minimally affected by chamber size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1981

[Jet ventilation in laryngoscopy and microlaryngeal surgery under general anaesthesia (author's transl)].

This is a report on a technique which provides an unimpeded access to the operating field during laryngoscopy and laser microsurgery of the larynx. Under barbiturate-induced neuroleptanaesthesia and relaxation with alcuronium 18 patients were jet-ventilated with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The gas mixture was delivered via an automatic injection ventilator (Injection-Timer, Storz) connected to a short endotracheal tube (Injectoflex, Rüsch - a modified Carden tube). Arterial blood sampling was carried out during the whole procedure. In all patients the recommended technique provided adequate alveolar ventilation with minimal metabolic disturbances; the partial pressures of oxygen exceeded the standard values in all cases. Moderate circulatory alterations were observed. Clinical experience with the anaesthetic technique is presented and the advantages of the modified tube compared with the original Carden tube and former devices for jet ventilation during laryngoscopy are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Differentiation of mouse p19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells injected into an empty zebrafish egg chorion in a microfluidic device.

Mouse P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) stem cells were xenotransplanted into the emptied chorion, the transparent envelope of a fertilized zebrafish egg (rather than mouse native zona pellucida) combined with a microfluidic device to study P19 EC cell differentiation in the chorion biomaterial. A distilled-water jet was used to remove the innate yolk and perivitelline inner mass from the chorion. P19 EC cells were injected into the emptied chorion using a micropipette, and they were subsequently cultured until the inner space of the chorion became completely occupied by cells. A simple microfluidic device was used for handling convenience and effective experiment. At d15, we found neural cells in the outer layer of the cell mass and beating cardiomyocytes in the inner layer of the large embryoid body. We propose that even though the species are different, the external innate membranes developed for embryo protection represent a useful type of ECM.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Determination of isoflavones in red clover by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ED) was employed to analyze isoflavones in red clover (Trifolium pratense). The effects of potential of working electrode, pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and injection time on CE-ED were investigated. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +0.85 V (versus saturated calomel electrode) for the analytes. The analytes could be separated in a 50 mmol/l borate buffer (pH 9.5) within 25 min. The response was linear over three orders of magnitude with detection limit (S/N=3) ranging from 2x10(-5) mg/ml to 5x10(-5) mg/ml for the analytes. This method has been used for the determination of daidzein, genistein and biochanin A in red clover with satisfactory results.

Borates↗
PubMed2000

Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of muscarinic receptor antagonism on living cells using bead injection spectroscopy.

Bead injection spectroscopy (BIS) techniques are introduced for automated measurement of pharmacological antagonism by functional assay. Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the rat type 1 muscarinic receptor are cultured on microbeads and used as a renewable biological target for muscarinic receptor antagonist ligands. A flow injection instrument is used to reproducibly sample and capture the cells in a jet ring chamber. The effect of the antagonist pirenzepine on the carbachol-induced intracellular calcium response of the cells is measured with a fluorescence microscope photometry system. The BIS functional assay is used to quantify both equilibrium and kinetic pharmacological values for pirenzepine. In addition, two muscarinic receptor antagonists (pirenzepine and atropine) are assayed to compare their relative efficacy at diminishing the calcium response. Due to the precision of the automated fluid/bead handling protocols, and reproducibility of the measured calcium response, the quantification of useful pharmacological information from living cells by BIS techniques is demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Two-dimensional Vlasov solution for a collisionless plasma jet across transverse magnetic field lines with a sheared bulk velocity.

We consider a two-dimensional (2D) stationary stream of a collisionless plasma injected across an external stationary magnetic field and a background stagnant plasma. The solution is found by solving the Vlasov equation for each species (electrons and protons), the Maxwell-Ampere equation for the magnetic vector potential, and the equation of plasma quasineutrality for the electrostatic potential. The solution of the stationary Vlasov equation is given in terms of two constants of motion and one adiabatic invariant. The partial charge and current densities are given by analytical expressions of the moments of the velocity distribution functions for each particle species. The 2D distribution of the plasma bulk velocity, Vx (y,z), is roughly uniform inside the jet. There is no plasma bulk flow in the direction of the magnetic field. Inside the boundary layer interfacing the jet and the stagnant plasma, the bulk velocity has gradients (i.e., shears) in the direction parallel as well perpendicular to the magnetic field. The parallel component of this gradient, inverted Delta parallel) inverted Delta perpendicular, produces a nonzero electric field component parallel to the magnetic field lines, E.B not equal to 0. The parallel electric field within the transition layer is a basic element allowing plasma elements to be transported across magnetic field lines in astrophysical systems as well as in laboratory experiments where plasmoids are injected across magnetic fields.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Pathogenicity of basidiospores of Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans.

Basidiospores of Filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans (progeny of Cryptococcus neoformans MT 100.1 x VR 45980) were able to induce cryptococcosis in Swiss albino mice if inoculated by intraperitoneal injection, nasal instillation or nasal spraying. The latter method, with the aid of a jet nebulizer, was first adopted to imitate the natural entrance of infectious particles. Using this method the small number of basidiospores (7 x 10(3)) could induce cryptococcosis in mice, while the higher number of the parental laboratory-grown yeast cells (1.5 x 10(6)) did not produce infections. By nasal instillation Cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice were more susceptible to the basidiospores, showing 80% cryptococcosis (eight of 10). Seven of the eight infected mice had disseminated cryptococcosis. Immunocompetent mice were more resistant to basidiospore infection than Cy-treated mice, as 40% of that group developed only pulmonary cryptococcosis; none had disseminated infection. Thus, we propose that basidiospores are one form of the infectious propagules of F. neoformans var. neoformans which can cause cryptococcosis, particularly in immunocompromised people.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Reactogenicity of a group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide bivalent vaccine].

A total of 1 968 persons aged 18-20 years belonging to organized groups were immunized with different doses of polysaccharide meningococcal divaccine, groups A and C, by means of syringes and jet injectors under the conditions of a controlled epidemiological trial. Systemic reactions to the injection of the preparation were found to be absent. Local reactions manifested by inflammation, swelling and tenderness at the site of injection were faintly pronounced and disappeared in 48 hours, which is indicative of low reactogenicity of the preparation under study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Use of a large bore syringe creates significantly fewer high intensity transient signals (HITS) into a cardiopulmonary bypass system than a small bore syringe.

INTRODUCTION: High intensity transient signals (HITS) have been reported to occur following perfusionist intervention during cardiac surgery. This study investigates the relationship of the syringe bore, injection rate, and HITS created. METHODS: Syringes (10 mL) with a male luer-lock connection (Large Bore) and Abboject 'jet syringes' with a 20 GA needle and male luer-lock connector (Small Bore) were filled with 10 mL of 0.9 N saline. A perfusionist was randomly assigned a set of four similar syringes followed by the other syringe bore. Each of the four syringes was injected into an in vitro saline-primed cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system over 5, 10, 15, or 20 sec. Sixteen randomizations of small and large bore syringes were completed at the four injection times (128 injections). HITS in the CPB arterial line were detected with transcranial Doppler (TCD) probes, were recorded for the 2 min following the injection, and were counted independently off-line by two reviewers. RESULTS: The use of a large bore syringe compared to a small bore syringe created significantly fewer HITS (29 +/- 6 versus 145 +/- 17 [mean +/- SEM], p<0.001) introduced into the CPB arterial line. Injection over a longer time produced significantly fewer HITS than shorter injection times (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Significantly fewer HITS are introduced into the CPB system by using standard syringes and slower injection time.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1992

Determination of organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides by flow injection analysis.

A flow injection system, incorporating an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) single bead string reactor (SBSR), for the determination of some organophosphorous (azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bromophos-methyl, dichlorovos, fenitrothion, malathion, paraoxon, parathion-ethyl and parathion-methyl) and carbamate insecticides (carbofuran and carbaryl) is presented. The detector is a simple pH electrode with a wall-jet entry. Variations in enzyme activity due to inhibition are measured from pH changes when the substrate (acetylcholine) is injected before and after the passage of the solution containing the insecticide. The percentage inhibition of enzyme activity is correlated to the insecticide concentration. Several parameters influencing the performance of the system are studied and discussed. The detection limits of the insecticides ranged from 0.5 to 275 ppb. The determination of these compounds was conducted in Hepes buffer and a synthetic sea water preparation. The enzyme reactor can be regenerated after inhibition with a dilute solution of 2-PAM and be reused for analysis. The immobilized enzyme did not lose any activity up to 12 weeks when stored at 4 degrees C.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

Mach number effect on jet impingement heat transfer.

An experimental investigation of heat transfer from a single round free jet, impinging normally on a flat plate is described. Flow at the exit plane of the jet is fully developed and the total temperature of the jet is equal to the ambient temperature. Infrared measurements lead to the characterization of the local and averaged heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers over the impingement plate. The adiabatic wall temperature is introduced as the reference temperature for heat transfer coefficient calculation. Various nozzle diameters from 3 mm to 15 mm are used to make the injection Mach number M vary whereas the Reynolds number Re is kept constant. Thus the Mach number influence on jet impingement heat transfer can be directly evaluated. Experiments have been carried out for 4 nozzle diameters, for 3 different nozzle-to-target distances, with Reynolds number ranging from 7200 to 71,500 and Mach number from 0.02 to 0.69. A correlation is obtained from the data for the average Nusselt number.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Oscillatory growth of silica tubes in chemical gardens.

We report distinct growth regimes of hollow silica fibers formed by hydrodynamic injection of cupric sulfate into silicate solution. The tubes grow either steadily along a continuous jet of buoyant solution or through relaxation oscillations that are governed by chemo-mechanical processes. The dependence of the oscillation period on flow rate and copper concentration is explained in the framework of a simple model. Tailored flow patterns allow the directional control of the tubes and their use as miniature connectors. Our findings are applicable to the understanding of chemical gardens, promise a wealth of nonlinear phenomena, and offer possible applications in microfluidics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Film cooling: case of double rows of staggered jets.

An experimental investigation of film cooling of a wall in a case of double rows of staggered hot jets (65 degrees C) in an ambient air flow. The wall is heated at a temperature value between the one of the jets and the one of the main flow. Experiments have been carried out for different injection rates, the main flow velocity is maintained at 32 m/s. Association of the measures of temperature profiles by cold wire and the measures of wall temperature by infrared thermography allows us to describe the behaviour of the flows and to propose the best injection which assures a good cooling of the plate.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ruptured duodenal varices: an autopsy case report.

Bleeding from duodenal varices is a rare and life-threatening complication of cirrhosis. The diagnosis and management of this disease remains problematic. We herein report an autopsy case of a patient who suffered from recurrent bleeding from duodenal varices. A 48 year-old man with cirrhosis presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He had three episodes of massive melena during the 6 months prior to admission. However, the source of bleeding was not known. Emergent endoscopy revealed jet bleeding from varices in the second to third portion of the duodenum. Endoscopic ethanol injection sclerotherapy was attempted but rebleeding occurred and the patient died.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗