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PubMedDate not supplied

An electrocardiogram database incorporated into the hospital information system.

A database system was developed for storing and retrieving electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretations made by the Bonner program. One ECG record consists of the patient identification information, measurement matrix, and interpretive statements made by the program and by the reviewing cardiologist. The logical structure of the database is 3-level hierarchy. An ECG record is automatically inserted into the database when an ECG signal is analysed by the program. Stored ECG records can easily be retrieved using any parameter and qualifier for review, research and education. The physician can gather statistics on the parameters and qualifiers of the extracted ECG records using statistical program packages (BDMP, SCSS) and a decision support system (AS). Since the database management system is DL/I, the newly developed system can be transferred to various computers, and the relationships between the ECG findings and clinical records stored in the DL/I form can easily be studied.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1984

An information system for head and neck tumors: optimal use of abstracting and retrieval resources.

This report describes a symbiotic interaction between a hospital tumor registry and the physicians in a medical school department of otolaryngology. The tumor registry is responsible for collecting central registry data, entering both central registry and department-specific data, performing routine data maintenance functions, and tracking the patients over time. The departmental physicians collect site-specific data and, after entry into a computer-based data base management system, can access the information without intermediaries and at their convenience. The result is a comprehensive information resource for head and neck cancer. The development of a medical subspecialty information system, as a satellite to the central registry mechanism, is noteworthy in its low cost, frequent physician use, better patient tracking, improved patient care, and increased clinical relevance of registry activities. A subtle but pervasive benefit is the increased sense of mission experienced by all concerned.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1997

Graphical information retrieval by browsing meta-information.

This paper discusses an approach to alleviate the problem in information retrieval of finding the right information. This problem arises in traditional query-based systems when users do not have enough knowledge about the domain or if they do not have an articulate information need. We address this problem by combining information about the documents and about the domain of the documents. This meta-information can then be browsed by the users with a graphical browser. Several navigation aids help the user to find his way. The system contains a representation of the medical domain and records from the Medline literature database. The paper discusses the representation of the meta-information, the browser and the evaluation of the system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1981

Spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly adults.

Three experiments investigated spatial perspective-taking ability in young and elderly women. The three experiments differed with regard to the method by which subjects were initially familiarized with the experimental stimuli. Subjects were required to make decisions about the correctness of each of several types of slides presented to them. The amount of time required by subjects to make their responses was also obtained. The results show a smaller age difference in accuracy of performance when individual components of the stimulus array were examined in isolation (Experiment 2) than when the array was actually previewed from the perspective-taking positions (Experiment 1). Furthermore, a combination of the two methods of familiarization (Experiment 3) did not reduce the age difference in accuracy of performance beyond that obtained by the examination of individual components alone. Age differences in reaction time for correct responses, however, steadily decreased between Experiments 1, 2, and 3. These results raise the possibility that cognitive systems associated with storing and retrieving spatial information may decline more rapidly across the adult life span than cognitive systems involved in the construction of unviewed spatial information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Migration from hierarchal storage management to ASM storage server: a case study.

The Department of Radiology at the University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics had to make a change from its current hierarchical storage management (HSM) system. The HSM software is the heart of any near-line data storage system and any change in this software affects all near-line and on-line data storage. In this case, over a terabyte of data had been migrated in more than 2 million files. The traditional method of reading in the old data and then writing it out to the new system was calculated to take more than 60 years. Here, we will examine the reasons for making such a radical change in the HSM used. We will also discuss why ASM (the new HSM software) was selected, and the performance improvements seen. A second, less difficult transition was made a few months later, of upgrading to a newer faster tape technology. The two types of tapes were incompatible, but the storage software and robotics used allowed for a peaceful coexistence during the transition. The transition from HSM to ASM was not a trivial task. It required a reasonable implementation/migration plan, which involved finding the correct resources and thinking outside the norm for solutions. All sites that have any amount of data stored in near-line devices will face similar conversions. This presentation should help in the event that a data conversion plan is not already in place.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1970

A data processing system for hospital bacteriology.

A system for the automatic capture and retrieval of information contained in routine bacteriology reports is described. The system depends on the preparation of reports on an electric typewriter producing punched paper tape as a byproduct. Periodically the information contained on the tape is analysed by computer. The potential value of the system for the analysis of the results of antibiotic sensitivity testing and for the study of the epidemiology of hospital infections is briefly discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Writing a PACS program statement.

Medical telecommunications is becoming a necessity for maintaining the quality of care and delivering services on a timely basis in the current environment of cutting services and specialists to reduce costs. (Vanden Brink 1994). Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) and teleradiology are increasingly viable because there is easier connectivity among modalities and manufacturers. Agreement on the DICOM Standard is one step toward greater connectivity. Two-thirds of the 350 radiology administrators, radiologists, hospital administrators and MIS directors interviewed for the 1994 IMACS/PACS Tracking Study believe that the use of image telecommunication technology is growing. In 1993, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) formed a committee to evaluate the need for PACS and to compile a program statement. The principal purpose of the program statement is to provide fundamental information that can be understood easily by individuals outside the radiology department. It outlines the benefits of PACS and includes a financial analysis of the purchase and installation of a system. Key elements of the program statement include a description and analysis of the existing film library system, advantages of PACS, implementation plan, financial proforma and integration with the hospital information system. These and other topics are covered in detail in the following article.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Scaling a data retrieval and mining application to the enterprise-wide level.

Most medical institutions have had difficulty in adopting practices that use stored clinical and administrative data effectively. This stems in part from the lack of available tools to easily and accurately retrieve datasets of interest. In this work, we describe the development of a data retrieval and mining application, Goldminer, which allows authorized personnel at our institution to query clinical and demographic data stores through a graphical, non-programmer interface. It builds upon DXtractor, our previously described tool that retrieves data from a smaller, more specialized dataset. We discuss the difficulties encountered in scaling this application to the enterprise-wide level, and our solutions.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Computer applications in orthopaedics.

With the rapid developments in microprocessors, the widespread availability of computers has brought about broad applications in the field of orthopaedics. The present technology enables large quantities of data to be logically processed in a very short span of time. This has led to the development of information management database systems where relevant medical information may be retrieved very quickly and effectively. The analytical power of the computer has also been utilised in expert systems to assist in clinical-decision making process. Computer graphics have revolutionised the visualisation of physical features of internal and external body parts, providing new and improved modalities of diagnosis. In some centres, surgical planning and rehearsals are already being carried out at the computer terminal with the use of animation and computer graphics. Computer technology has also played an active role in the field of prosthetics and rehabilitation. Intelligent robotic systems and microprocessor with functional neuromuscular stimulation have been applied to benefit, and in some cases restore some motor functions to the physically disabled. With more collaboration between engineers, scientists and the medical community, several prototypes of computer-controlled prostheses and prosthesis designed and manufactured by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology are available today to assist the amputees in their daily living and ambulatory activities.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1996

A graph-grammar approach to represent causal, temporal and other contexts in an oncological patient record.

The data of a patient undergoing complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures do not only form a simple chronology of events, but are closely related in many ways. Such data contexts include causal or temporal relationships, they express inconsistencies and revision processes, or describe patient-specific heuristics. The knowledge of data contexts supports the retrospective understanding of the medical decision-making process and is a valuable base for further treatment. Conventional data models usually neglect the problem of context knowledge, or simply use free text which is not processed by the program. In connection with the development of the knowledge-based system THEMPO (Therapy Management in Pediatric Oncology), which supports therapy and monitoring in pediatric oncology, a graph-grammar approach has been used to design and implement a graph-oriented patient model which allows the representation of non-trivial (causal, temporal, etc.) clinical contexts. For context acquisition a mouse-based tool has been developed allowing the physician to specify contexts in a comfortable graphical manner. Furthermore, the retrieval of contexts is realized with graphical tools as well.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2006

Multiple image watermarking applied to health information management.

Information technology advances have brought forth new challenges in healthcare information management, due to the vast amount of medical data that needs to be efficiently stored, retrieved, and distributed, and the increased security threats that explicitly have to be addressed. The paper discusses the perspectives of digital watermarking in a range of medical data management and distribution issues, and proposes a complementary and/or alternative tool that simultaneously addresses medical data protection, archiving, and retrieval, as well as source and data authentication. The scheme imperceptibly embeds in medical images multiple watermarks conveying patient's personal and examination data, keywords for information retrieval, the physician's digital signature for authentication, and a reference message for data integrity control. Experimental results indicate the efficiency and transparency of the scheme, which conforms to the strict requirements that apply to regions of diagnostic significance.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2004

A multi-agent system architecture for geographic information gathering.

World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast repository of information, including a great deal of geographic information. But the location and retrieval of geographic information will require a significant amount of time and effort. In addition, different users usually have different views and interests in the same information. To resolve such problems, this paper first proposed a model of geographic information gathering based on multi-Agent (MA) architecture. Then based on this model, we construct a prototype system with GML (Geography Markup Language). This system consists of three tiers-Client, Web Server and Data Resource. Finally, we expatiate on the process of Web Server.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

A proposed expert system for nursing practice. A springboard to nursing science.

The knowledge on which nursing practice is based comes largely from traditional sources, expert nurses passing on the wisdom of their experience to novices. Nursing research, although increasing, is usually parallel to nursing practice, and its findings, at best, are implemented only after long delays. Consequently, the most effective nursing responses to a particular client problem may be undiscovered or unknown. Nursing information systems reflect the nature and usage of nursing knowledge. They offer standard care plans, but the knowledge and decision structures for individualizing care remain exclusively in the mind of the nurse. Nurses may have great freedom to enter information into the information system, but the information is rarely retrievable in a form suitable for evaluation or research. Nursing practice, and the knowledge on which it is based, could be enhanced through the use of a novel expert system. This paper describes how such a system could be developed, with examples from the authors' prototype programs. Taxonomies of data, diagnoses, objectives, and interventions would make it possible to compare patients and to determine the relative effectiveness of nursing interventions. A built-in evaluation component would provide feedback and correction. Everyday nursing practice would become a field for research, and the knowledge gained from research would immediately be fed back into practice. In its development and in its implementation, this kind of system would help to build nursing science.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

The evolution of a functional real-time laboratory records retrieval and archival system.

The vast flood of information resulting from medical record keeping in a clinical laboratory must be cataloged and archived. To deal with this problem we designed an approach employing automated report generation by a laboratory computer, data base management of patient laboratory results, and automated microform generation via computer output microform (COM). This paper documents the steps that led to the system we are currently employing. The system described maintains the availability of current patient laboratory data, creates a microform archive and an on-line index, and serves as the data base for research inquiries. In addition, we have experienced a cost savings over manual procedures and now possess the capability of expansion without the costly addition of personnel.

Archives↗