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PubMedDate not supplied

Towards a filariasis-free community: evaluation of filariasis control over an eleven year period in Flores, Indonesia.

A population of 202 residents in an area endemic for Brugia timori lymphatic filariasis was treated in a diethylcarbamazine control programme commencing in 1977. All individuals were treated twice with diethylcarbamazine on a mass basis with additional selected treatment for cases with manifestations of infection. Clinical features of lymphatic filariasis were recorded annually until 1982, and the population re-assessed in 1988, six years after the completion of chemotherapy. Microfilarial counts were made on each occasion, and circulating filarial antigen levels measured for 1982 and 1988. The results showed a dramatic and sustained reduction in the rate of elephantiasis and adenolymphangitic disease, and of circulating antigenaemia, and the prevalence of microfilaraemia was reduced to zero by the end of the study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution and persistence of Mycobacterium leprae nasal carriage among a population in which leprosy is endemic in Indonesia.

In order to understand better the relationship among Mycobacterium leprae, its transmission and the human host or the chain of infection which may lead to the development of leprosy, we performed a population survey in which nasal carriage of M. leprae was determined by a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 2 years after an earlier survey in the same population. 1923 persons were registered, 1171 were clinically examined for signs of leprosy, and 418 were tested by PCR. The detection rate of leprosy in the study area had not changed significantly during the 2 years' observation period since the introduction of multi-drug therapy, i.e. 6/1000 compared to 7.7/1000 2 years before. Of 6 newly detected cases, 5 were diagnosed as having paucibacillary leprosy. The presence of M. leprae could be demonstrated by PCR in 2.9% (12/418) of the persons. PCR positivity was not persistent over the 2 years. All the PCR positive persons identified in the first survey were negative in the second, indicating that M. leprae nasal carriage is transient. As in the previous survey, we found evidence for widespread M. leprae nasal carriage as determined by PCR among the general population in an area in which leprosy is endemic. In addition, our data indicated that PCR positivity can occur in certain clusters in the community. This clustering seems to be time-dependent, not necessarily related to the presence of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Supplementation with vitamin A and iron for nutritional anaemia in pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia.

Nutritional anaemia, thought to be caused by iron deficiency, affects 50-70% of pregnant women in the developing world. The influence of vitamin A and iron supplementation was studied in anaemic pregnant women in West Java, in a randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled field trial. 251 women aged 17-35 years, parity 0-4, gestation 16-24 weeks, and haemoglobin between 80 and 109 g/L were randomly allocated to four groups: vitamin A (2.4 mg retinol) and placebo iron tablets; iron (60 mg elemental iron) and placebo vitamin A; vitamin A and iron; or both placebos, all daily for 8 weeks. Maximum haemoglobin was achieved with both vitamin A and iron supplementation (12.78 g/L, 95% Cl 10.86 to 14.70), with one-third of the response attributable to vitamin A (3.68 g/L, 2.03 to 5.33) and two-thirds to iron (7.71 g/L, 5.97 to 9.45). After supplementation, the proportion of women who became non-anaemic was 35% in the vitamin-A-supplemented group, 68% in the iron-supplemented group, 97% in the group supplemented with both, and 16% in the placebo group. Improvement in vitamin A status may contribute to the control of anaemic pregnant women.

Adolescent↗