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Results for “INDOLEACETIC ACID”

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PubMed1994

Platelet MAO-B activity as a marker of behavioural characteristics in dementia disorders.

Both low and high platelet MAO-B (pMAO-B) activity is considered an indicator of increased vulnerability in psychopathology. How the activity of this peripheral enzyme can be linked with the sophisticated functions of the central nervous system (CNS) is not clear; in man, evidence exists that the genetic mechanisms determining the size or capacity of the central serotonin system are common to platelet and brain MAO. In the present study pMAO-B activity was evaluated in demented patients suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), late-onset Alzheimer's disease (SDAT), vascular dementia (VD), and controls. In these dementia categories, the relationship between pMAO-B activity and clinical features, and between pMAO-B activity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glycol, MHPG; 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA; homovanillic acid, HVA) was also investigated. pMAO-B activity was significantly higher in SDAT patients, compared to controls and AD. Age, as covariate, failed to show any significant effect, and no association was found between pMAO-B activity and CSF monoamine metabolites. The correlation analysis between pMAO-B and neuropsychological scores showed a highly significant positive relationship with GBS-emotional impairment (N = 40, r = 0.72, p < 0.01) in the SDAT group. This result suggests the importance of platelet MAO-B activity as biological marker also in old-age dementias, namely senile dementia of Alzheimer type, where the increased activity of this enzyme might constitute a marker for vulnerability toward behavioural disturbance, i.e., emotional deterioration.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1999

Tryptophan biosynthesis and production of other related compounds from indole and L-serine by mixed ruminal bacteria, protozoa, and their mixture in vitro.

Tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis and production of other related compounds from 1 mM each of indole (IND), L-serine (Ser), and IND plus Ser by mixed ruminal bacteria (B), protozoa (P), and their mixture (BP) in an in vitro system were quantitatively investigated. Ruminal microorganisms were anaerobically incubated at 39 degrees C for 12 h. Trp and other related compounds produced in both the supernatants and microbial hydrolyzates of the incubation were analyzed by HPLC. B, P, and BP suspensions were not able to produce Trp when incubated with only IND or Ser. Appreciable amounts of Trp (9.8, 3.1, and 6.6% of substrate) were produced from IND plus Ser after 12 h by B, P, and BP suspensions, respectively. Trp produced from IND + Ser in B was found only in the hydrolyzate, whereas it was found in the medium as a free form in P after a 12-h incubation period. Rumen bacteria and protozoa were separately demonstrated for the first time to produce Trp from IND plus Ser, and the ability of P to produce Trp from IND plus Ser was about one-third that of B in 12 h. Trp produced from IND plus Ser by B, P, and BP suspensions was simultaneously degraded into its related compounds, and, among them, indoleacetic acid (IAA) was a major product found in B. Production of IAA was 4.3, 0.3, and 3.2% of IND in 12 h by B, P, and BP suspensions, respectively. A small amount of skatole (SKT) (1.1 and 2.5% in B and BP, respectively) and p-cresol (CRL) (2.4 and 3.4% in B and BP, respectively) were also produced from IND plus Ser during 12-h incubation. P suspension produced no SKT or CRL from IND plus Ser in 12-h incubation. These results suggested for the first time that both rumen bacteria and protozoa have an ability to produce Trp from IND plus Ser, and the ability was higher in B than in P. The ratios of Trp produced from IND plus Ser to that from indolepyruvic acid by B, P, and BP were 1:3.4, 1:14.2, and 1:6.6 during 12-h incubation period. From these results, the degree of importance of producing Trp from IND plus Ser in the rumen was indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Elimination of PPV and PNRSV through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture in nectarine.

The plum pox virus (PPV) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) cause serious disease problems in stone-fruit trees. In this work, the possibility of obtaining plant material free from these viruses through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture from infected nectarine shoots (Prunus persica var. nectarina Max, cv. 'Arm King') was studied. In addition, the detection of these viruses in in vitro cultures and young acclimatized plantlets with double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was studied. Meristem-tip explants (0.8-1.3 mm) derived from sprouted buds of winter wood and spring shoots from field grown plants had a 2-5% regeneration response. However, application of thermotherapy to potted nectarine trees (3 weeks at a maximum temperature of 35 degrees C) facilitated excision of longer meristem tips (1.3-2.0 mm) that resulted in a significantly higher regeneration response (38%) in woody plant medium (WPM) without plant growth regulators. Such explants formed multiple shoots with the addition of 8 microM benzylaminopurine and 0.8 microM indoleacetic acid. When they were tested for the presence of PPV and PNRSV, 86% and 81% were found to be virus-free as detected by DAS-ELISA and multiplex RT-PCR, respectively. Individual shoots excised from virus-free cultures readily rooted in vitro (half-strength WPM plus 2 microM indolebutyric acid) and grew to plantlets. The combination of an efficient protocol for virus elimination and the establishment of highly sensitive diagnostics resulted in the production of nectarine plants free from PPV and PNRSV.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2007

Intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine reduces striatal serotonin content and impairs spatial memory performance in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine, a metabolite accumulated in Lesch-Nyhan disease, on rats' performance in the Morris water maze tasks, along with the monoamine content in striatum of rats. Male adult Wistar rats were divided in two groups: (1) saline-injected and (2) hypoxanthine-injected group. Seven days after solutions infusion, animals were trained in the Morris Water Maze or were sacrificed for evaluation of the striatal monoamine content. Results show that hypoxanthine administration caused impairment on spatial navigation in the acquisition phase in reference memory task in the Morris Water Maze, as well as in the latency to cross over the platform location in probe trial, when compared to the saline group (control). Hypoxanthine also altered rat performance in the working memory. Although striatal dopamine metabolites content did not change, treated animals showed a reduction of tissue levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5- hydroxyl-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). These results show that intra-striatal hypoxanthine administration provoked impairment of spatial learning/memory in rats without affecting striatal dopaminergic system, although serotonergic pathways seem to have been affected.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗