SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Homeless Persons”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Update on the seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States household population: NHANES III, 1988-1994.

To update the estimate of seroprevalence of HIV from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), data from the second phase of the survey were combined with previously published data to produce a more precise estimate. The testing was performed anonymously on 11,203 individuals 18-59 years of age examined from 1988 to 1994. Fifty-nine individuals were HIV positive, for an overall prevalence of 0.32%. The number of individuals living in households with HIV infection based on this estimate was 461,000, with a 95% confidence interval of 290,000-733,000. Analysis of nonresponse demonstrated that white and black men 40-59 years of age were least likely to participate in the survey. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this nonresponse may have biased the NHANES III estimate downward by 190,000 persons. Data from the second phase of the survey were used to analyze the association between drug use and HIV infection. Black women who used cocaine were 12 times more likely to be HIV positive compared with all tested black women (6.5% vs. 0.55%). This survey provides an estimate of HIV prevalence for individuals who reside in households but excludes some persons who are at higher risk for HIV infection, including prisoners and the homeless not residing in shelters.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Extending the extended family for homeless and marginally housed African American women.

Young homeless African American women and elderly marginally housed African American women have health, housing, and personal concerns specific to their age cohort, yet they also have parallel and complementary needs. The young struggle to find affordable housing, while the old may have difficulty in maintaining their homes. This article reports select findings from a pilot study designed to describe these two groups of women. The preliminary study was conducted preparatory to the development of a larger study to explore factors that would facilitate or hinder linking the two groups of women for mutual assistance in housesharing arrangements. Interviews and housing history findings revealed contrasts and similarities among the women and between both cohorts that reflected individual differences, common yet divergent life courses, and collective responses to family life situations, societal trends, and policies. Advantages and disadvantages of housesharing were delineated with 56.3% of the homeless women and 81.3% of the elderly women viewing coresidential living as an option worth considering. Housesharing arrangements should be further investigated by nurses and colleagues. Findings from this study are foundational for establishing alliances that may be a means to promote health and strengthen "family" in both populations.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Predictive value of plasma HIV RNA level on rate of CD4 T-cell decline in untreated HIV infection.

CONTEXT: Plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA level predicts HIV disease progression, but the extent to which it explains the variability in rate of CD4 cell depletion is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of variability in rate of CD4 cell loss predicted by presenting plasma HIV RNA levels in untreated HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: Repeated-measures analyses of 2 multicenter cohorts, comprising observations beginning on May 12, 1984, and ending on August 26, 2004. Analyses were conducted between August 2004 and March 2006. SETTING: Two cohorts of HIV-infected persons: patients followed up at 4 US teaching medical institutions or participating in either the Research in Access to Care for the Homeless Cohort (REACH) or the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS) cohorts and participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Antiretroviral treatment-naive, chronically HIV-infected persons (n = 1289 and n = 1512 for each of the 2 cohorts) untreated during the observation period (> or =6 months) and with at least 1 HIV RNA level and 2 CD4 cell counts available. Approximately 35% were nonwhite, and 35% had risk factors other than male-to-male sexual contact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The extent to which presenting plasma HIV RNA level could explain the rate of model-derived yearly CD4 cell loss, as estimated by the coefficient of determination (R2). RESULTS: In both cohorts, higher presenting HIV RNA levels were associated with greater subsequent CD4 cell decline. In the study cohort, median model-estimated CD4 cell decrease among participants with HIV RNA levels of 500 or less, 501 to 2000, 2001 to 10,000, 10,001 to 40,000, and more than 40,000 copies/mL were 20, 39, 48, 56, and 78 cells/microL, respectively. Despite this trend across broad categories of HIV RNA levels, only a small proportion of CD4 cell loss variability (4%-6%) could be explained by presenting plasma HIV RNA level. Analyses using multiple HIV RNA measurements or restricting to participants with high HIV RNA levels improved this correlation minimally (R2, 0.09), and measurement error was estimated to attenuate these associations only marginally (deattenuated R2 in the 2 cohorts, 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Presenting HIV RNA level predicts the rate of CD4 cell decline only minimally in untreated persons. Other factors, as yet undefined, likely drive CD4 cell losses in HIV infection. These findings have implications for treatment decisions in HIV infection and for understanding the pathogenesis of progressive immune deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1986