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PubMed1977

Anti-larval antibodies in the serum and abomasal mucus of sheep hyperinfected with Haemonchus contortus.

A radioimmunoassay technique was used to follow the anti-larval antibody response in the serum of sheep subjected to repeated dosing with Haemonchus contortus. The response was found to develop slowly and seemed to decline as soon as the sheep stopped receiving larvae. No immunological memory was observed after the sheep were challenged with 4000 larvae nine weeks after daily dosing was stopped. Examination of abomasal mucus collected from the sheep at slaughter revealed the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies. It is suggested that most of this mucus IgG was derived from blood whereas the IgA was locally produced.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1977

Developmental arrest of Haemonchus contortus larvae in lambs given larval inoculum exposed to different temperatures and storage conditions.

The temperature (15 or 30 C) at which Haemonchus contortus larvae were allowed to develop to the infective (3rd) stage and the temperature at which they were subsequently stored (4, 15, or 30 C) had no effect on the occurrence of developmental arrest (larval impasse) of the larvae in infected lambs. If a large inoculating dose (10,000 larvae) was given to the lambs, a smaller percentage of nematodes was retained (14.2%) then if a small dose (1,000 larvae, 25.8% retention) was given, but the percentage of larvae in developmenttal arrest was greater (7.7% of the retained nematodes vs 0.02%). The temperatures of larval development and storage had no effect on the sex ratio of the adults that developed (46.3% male nematodes).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Nematocidal efficacy of eprinomectin, delivered topically, in naturally infected cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nematocidal efficacy of eprinomectin in naturally infected cattle. ANIMALS: 62 (31 eprinomectin-treated and 31 control) beef mixed-breed or Holstein cattle, either 6 to 11 or 48 to 96 months old. PROCEDURE: Cattle were housed 21 to 27 days before treatment to allow parasites to reach maturity. Animals were grouped by sex, ranked by weight, and randomly assigned to treatment group. Fecal flotation was done to identify cattle with intestinal nematode infections. Treatment groups were: 1--eprinomectin topical vehicle (1 ml/10 kg) and 2--eprinomectin topical solution (1 ml/10 kg). Cattle were euthanatized by replicate on day 14 or 15, and standard procedures were used to recover of pulmonary, abomasal, small intestinal, and large intestinal nematodes. RESULTS: Eprinomectin efficacy across all trials was 100% against adult Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus placei, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus, as well a fourth-stage larval Oes radiatum, Ostertagia ostertagi, Nematodirus helvetianus, and Cooperia spp. Efficacy against adult O ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, C punctata, C surnabada, C spatulata, N helvetianus, Trichuris sp, and Trichuris fourth-stage larvae was 99.9 and 99.8, 99.6, 98.9, 98.3, 99.7, 97.8, and 84.3%, respectively. All results were significant (P < 0.01) except those for C spatulata. Adverse reactions were not observed. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Eprinomectin is a safe and effective nematocide against naturally acquired nematode infections in cattle when administered at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg. Milk and meat withholding is not necessary when using this product.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against thiabendazole-resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep.

The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole (methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazole carbamate) was tested in sheep against standardised strains of Hcaemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, known to be resistant to thiabendazole (LD90 for thiabendazole against H ontortus was 200 mg/kg bodyweight and against T colubriformis was 150 mg/kg). Fenbendazole at dose rates of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg per os reduced total worm counts in H contortus infected sheep by 66, 90 and 100 per cent respectively, with similar reductions recorded for worm egg outputs. For the thiabendazole resistant strain of T colubriformis, fenbendazole reduced total worm counts in infected sheep by 4, 44 (40-48), 79 (75-83), 96 and 100 per cent at dose rates of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg per os. Significant suppression of worm-egg production by thiabendazole resistant T colubriformis was obtained with fenbendazole at dose levels of 5 mg/kg and above. The implications of these results are discussed in the light of the increasing occurrence of strains of trichostrongylid nematodes resistant to currently available benzimidazole anthelmintics.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Efficacy of oxibendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

In 3 separate studies, oxibendazole in drench and premix formulation was shown efficacious against larvae and adults of the genera Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Bunostomum, Capillaria, Oesophagostomum, and Trichuris. In the first study, artificially infected calves were cleared of virtually all histotrophic larvae and adult parasites after medication with oxibendazole drench at a dose level of 10 mg/kg of body weight. Smaller doses (7.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) expelled 84 to 100% of the parasites. Oxibendazole at a dose level of 15 mg/kg in premix form was given to artificially infected calves 3, 7, or 42 days after infection in a 2nd study. Third stage and 4th stage Cooperia oncophora larvae were, respectively, 92 and 98% susceptible to the drug at day 3 and day 7 after infection; neither larval stages of Ostertagia ostertagi and of Oesophagostomum radiatum were susceptible. Premix given on day 42 after infection removed 83 to 100% of adult O ostertagi, Nematodirus spp, C oncophora, O radiatum, and Trichuris spp. In a 3rd study, calves harboring a mixture of parasitic stages from artificial and pasture-acquired infections were medicated with oxibendazole at a dose of 15 mg/kg in premix form. The burdens of larvae from the abomasum and small intestines were reduced 93 to 95%, respectively; the burdens of adults of 11 species of worms were reduced 87 to 100%.

Animals↗