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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

CD34 immunoexpression in stromal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and in mesenteric fibromatoses.

The aim of this study was to explore whether CD34 immunoreactivity can distinguish between different types of gastrointestinal stromal tumour, i.e. smooth muscle and neurogenic. We studied 87 stromal tumours from different sites in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the omentum and mesentery, using a monoclonal antibody to CD34 (QBEND10). We also determined the immunoexpression of smooth muscle and muscle specific actins, S-100 protein, cytokeratin, desmin and vimentin. In addition, 15 cases of mesenteric fibromatosis were tested for CD34. Immunoexpression of CD34 was observed in 40 of the 87 stromal tumours and correlated with evidence of differentiation towards a smooth muscle phenotype. Large intestinal stromal tumours were less likely than gastric lesions to be CD34 positive. None of 15 cases of mesenteric fibromatosis was positive for CD34. We conclude that CD34 immunoexpression is seen in a proportion of stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery and omentum, particularly those of smooth muscle type, and it may be useful as part of an immunohistochemical panel in the differential diagnosis of these neoplasms.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

[The early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract].

A model of postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was reproduced in experiments on 26 dogs. The diagnostic possibility of electrogastroenterography (EGEG) in its early developmental stages is shown. For the removal of postoperative GIT paresis a method for electrostimulation is suggested consisting in irritation of the vagus nerve in the projection of the neurovascular bundle by pulsed electric current under EGEG control. The method was verified in the clinic in 68 patients with signs of diagnosed GIT paresis occurring after various operations, extensive operations on the abdominal organs among others. Electrostimulation was applied on days 2, 3, and 4 after the operation. The result was positive in all patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental evaluation of various available contrast agents for use in the gastrointestinal tract in case of suspected leakage. Effects on pleura.

Intrapleural injections of seven contrast agents were carried out in experimental rats in order to find a safe contrast agent to use in the radiological examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in cases where leakage outside the upper gastrointestinal tract into the pleural space could be suspected, particularly post-operatively. The contrast agent in such cases could enter the mediastinum, pleura, peritoneum or lungs and bronchi. Hexabrix (May and Baker) and Gastrografin (Schering AG) produced the least tissue reaction in the pleura. Due to the potential risk of aspiration in such cases Gastrografin is not suitable as it is known to produce significant reaction in the lungs and may even prove to be fatal. Hexabrix, therefore, appears to be the safest contrast agent where leakage into the pleural space may be suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Symptomatic lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract.

Eleven patients with symptomatic lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract have been observed. The lipomas generally are relatively large, and the signs and symptoms consist mainly of abdominal pain and chronic blood loss. These lesions most commonly are seen in the colon and in the region of the ileocecal valve and less commonly in the small intestine, stomach and esophagus. Distinguishing thest tumors from carcinomas or sarcomas may be difficult, and patients are generally in the same age range as those with cancer. Roentgenologic contrast studies are helphful in localizing the tumors, but accurate tissue diagnosis usually is not made until the lesions are excised. Operative management by either local excision or segmental resection is required, and the prognosis is excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.

Mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare neoplasms, which have been reported in the literature mainly as case reports and have been designated with a various and rather confusing terminology. In this review, on the basis of personally studied cases and of the analysis of cases reported in the literature, we have tried to identify types of mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors showing different clinicopathologic and biological characteristics. We have also tried to group the different clinicopathologic entities in prognostic classes which include: benign, low-grade, intermediate grade, and high-grade malignant mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors. The criteria for identifying the various types of mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors are extensively discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Physiologic considerations in drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

The dynamic interaction between variables within the gastrointestinal tract and the physiochemical properties of a drug in a delivery system determine the rate and extent of absorption of that drug. Among the major physiologic variables are pH, gastric emptying time, and intestinal transit time. Some physicochemical properties of interest include solubility, particle size, and chemical form of the drug. Attributes of the formulation such as controlled-release mechanism, pH sensitivity, and size, shape, and density of the product can also affect absorption. Food has also been reported to influence the absorption from some but not all controlled-release products. As a more thorough understanding of the many factors involved in drug absorption is developed, the formulation of more sophisticated oral drug delivery systems will be possible.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1995

[Variants of psychosomatic personality development in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

612 patients with different psychosomatic disorders of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were examined. They included either 200 patients with organic stomach disease or with duodenal ulcer as well as 412 individuals with various functional disorders of GIT such as psychogenic vomiting, dysphagia, gastralgia and colon irritability syndrome. In 70% of all cases patientc relatives (1-3 degree of relationship) had also some psychosomatic diseases. All the patients suffered in childhood from so-called GIT-variant of children's neuropathia. Being adults they all met intensive or moderate stress and developed psychogenic depression. Two ways of psychosomatic disorders cristallization on the background of depression were observed, exactly reactivation of children's neuropathia symptomes or rapid affect somatization which were followed by psychosomatic cycles formation and by stress tolerance decrease. Several types of psychosomatic development were described: hypochondrial (78.8%), asthenic (12.4%), obsessive (2.3%), hysterical (4.4%) and paranoial (2.1%).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[CT diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract].

Five topics regarding CT diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract are discussed with illustrative cases: 1) Fat-containing tumors can be seen in the esophageal lumen, and their differential diagnosis includes not only lipoma and liposarcoma (sometimes teratoma) but also fibrovascular polyp and carcinosarcoma. 2) The multi-layered pattern of the gastric wall observed on dynamic CT is important for the differential diagnosis of gastric lesions and the staging of gastric cancer. 3) Swelling of the sentinel lymph nodes is an important finding for correct staging of cancer, incidental detection of occult cancer, and diagnosis of the origin of abdominal tumors. 4) Air-inflated CT and virtual CT endoscopy of the colon are necessary for the detection of small colorectal cancers, and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) images vertical to the lesions are helpful for cancer staging. 5) MRI and CT with MPR images are useful for the evaluation of anorectal fistula.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the absorptive activity of the gastrointestinal tract in irradiated animals treated with radiation-protective agents].

A fluorescent uranine indicator was used to study the absorbing capacity of the gastrointestinal tract of irradiated mice and dogs. It was shown that the radioprotective agents with different mechanisms of action (for example, cystamine, para-aminopropiophenon and S-2 (3-aminopropylamino)ethylthiophosphate) exert a favourable action on the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract of irradiated mice.

Amifostine↗
PubMed1980

Outcome of operations for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

The outcome of operations for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding during a six-year period was compared with that of the previous four years, in which indications for operation and guidelines for surgical procedures were similar. Between 1973 and 1978, 392 patients were hospitalized for hemorrhage. Endoscopy diagnosed a bleeding lesion in 92% of 234 patients studied. Of 75 patients (19%) who required operation for uncontrollable hemorrhage, 20 (27%) died and two (3%) rebled postoperatively. Most deaths (80%) were caused by esophageal variceal bleeding. Among 47 patients with nonvariceal hemorrhage, mortality was only 9%. No patient with stress ulcer bleeding was encountered. Compared with our 1969 to 1972 experience, the present study shows no improvement in overall mortality. Rebleeding was less frequent than earlier. The most significant differences in outcome were decreased mortality in alcoholic gastritis patients, no deaths from stress ulcer, and increased mortality after portosystemic shunting. Endoscopy, used frequently from 1973 to 1978, helped to improve preoperative diagnostic rates (85% vs 65%). Combined with innovations in nonoperative treatment, such as infusion of vasopressin, it did not appear to decrease the proportion of patients requiring operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Role of surgical treatment in the management of complications of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with leukemia.

The clinical course of patients with leukemia, specifically after treatment, is complicated by opportunistic infections, often derived from the gastrointestinal tract. Four hundred and thirty-eight patients with leukemia were treated at the Arizona Health Sciences Center from 1976 to 1985. Fifty-five (13 per cent) had 60 major gastrointestinal complications develop. Thirty-seven were treated medically with a mortality rate of 51 per cent, while 18 who were treated surgically had a 17 per cent mortality rate. These infections usually occur during induction or consolidation chemotherapy. Positive blood cultures and white blood cell counts of less than 2,500 per millimeter are a frequent occurrence. The most common complications of the gastrointestinal tract are enterocolitis, perirectal sepsis and bleeding. Because of the combined defects in phagocytosis (neutropenia), antibody production and cell mediated immunity, opportunistic infections (such as viral, fungal, parasitic or bacterial) are frequent and often lethal, despite routine antibiotic coverage. A protocol to identify a subset of patients with septic leukemia who may require emergency surgical treatment is vital since death in this group is most commonly from undiagnosed sepsis or progression of hematologic defects. This protocol should include repeated physical examinations, daily roentgenograms of the abdomen, liberal use of endoscopy, contrast roentgenography and computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. Extensive surgical procedures can be safely carried out in patients with leukemia. The diagnosis of leukemia should not be a deterrent to emergency surgical exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Lewis antigens and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions staining for assessment of potential malignancy of adenomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract in children.

Adenomatous polyps (AP) of the gastrointestinal tract in children are very rare. Because of their potential malignancy, they are of great clinical importance. There is little experience in the management of children with AP. The immunohistochemical expression of the Lewis blood group antigens (BGA) (sialosyl-Le(a), Le(a), Leb, Le(x), and Le(y)) and the number of activated nucleoli with the silver staining method for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were studied in two children with AP. In a girl with isolated AP of the stomach and colon, it was found that antigens Le(b) and s-Le(a) were expressed extensively in the gastric adenoma, and sialosyl-Le(a) throughout the entire length of the rectal adenoma crypts, but in the AgNORs stain the number of nucleoli ranged from two to four, evidencing changes of a benign character. In the case of familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed in a 9-year-old boy, in some colonic adenomas the number of activated nucleoli was greater than five, and the Le(b) antigen was expressed in superficial epithelial cells in one of the adenomas. Also, extensive expression of antigens Le(y) and s-Le(a) throughout the entire length of the crypt in another polyp removed was observed. We believe that immunohistochemical study of the intensity and extent of the expression of Lewis BGA in the polyp tissue simultaneously with the determination of the number of activated nucleoli by the AgNORs staining method can be helpful in better analysis of cytological risk factors of a malignant transformation.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1986

Plasma arginine in cancer of the gastrointestinal tract: effect of surgical treatment.

The concentration of 21 amino acids was measured in the venous plasma of 41 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract who had lost weight, 12 patients who had lost a similar amount of weight from non-malignant, non-septic conditions (benign weight loss), 12 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract who had not lost weight and 21 control patients. Sixteen patients with localised tumours were restudied eight and 12 weeks after successful removal of the primary growth. Six patients with pyloric stenosis (benign weight loss) were similarly studied for comparison after corrective surgery. The concentration of the amino acid arginine was significantly greater in patients with cancer both with weight loss (71.2 +/- 4.1 mumol/l mean +/- SEM) and without weight loss (66.8 +/- 4.1 mumol/l) when compared both with patients with benign weight loss (34.6 +/- 3.2 mumol/l) and with control patients (48.2 +/- 3.5 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). In patients with cancer subjected to surgery the concentration of arginine (76.4 +/- 7.5 mumol/l) fell to normal levels eight weeks after operation and remained normal 12 weeks after surgery (48.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). This was in contrast with the rise in plasma arginine in patients with pyloric stenosis after surgery, suggesting that the raised level of arginine was due to the presence of the primary tumour.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

A prospective evaluation of Mycobacterium avium complex colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

To describe the natural history of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 67 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts < 200/mm3 and initial negative MAC blood cultures were followed prospectively. Patients were screened every 3 months with cultures and smears of sputum, rectal swab, and blood for mycobacteria. Fourteen patients (20.9%) developed positive blood cultures for MAC (23.4%/year). Sputum cultures revealed MAC in 3 (21%) of the 14 patients at 1, 2, and 8 months before dissemination; no smears were positive. No rectal swab cultures or smears were positive before dissemination. Colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in persons with HIV infection and < 200/mm3 CD4+ cells is infrequently detected with currently available techniques. Screening cultures and smears of sputum and stool do not appear to be sensitive methods for detection of early MAC infection.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1983

Regulatory peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of Alligator mississipiensis. An immunocytochemical study.

The gastrointestinal tract of the alligator Alligator mississipiensis has been investigated for the presence of immunoreactivity to fourteen regulatory peptides all known to occur in the mammalian gut system. Mucosal endocrine cells reacting specifically with the antisera to neurotensin, C-terminal gastrin, somatostatin, bombesin, secretin, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were detectable, the distribution of these cells being, in general, similar to the mammalian pattern. Peripheral nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres were detected with the antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin again with a distribution similar to that seen in mammals. No immunoreactivity was observed with the available antisera to glicentin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin 34, cholecystokinin 9-20 and met-enkephalin.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of isosorbide dinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate metabolites formed by selected segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract.

Homogenates of selected segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were studied for their ability to biotransform isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to their mono- and di-nitrate metabolites, respectively. In addition, preferential formation of certain metabolites was investigated by examination of the patterns of metabolites formed by the various homogenates. After a 30-min incubation of ISDN with GIT homogenates (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), the percent disappearance of ISDN and the ratio of isosorbide-2-mononitrate (2-ISMN) to isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) were as follows: stomach, 32%, 0.8; duodenum, 65%, 0.1; jejunum, 59%, 0.2; ileum, 38% , 1.2; cecum, 33%, 2.7; and colon, 32%, 3.4. After a 5-min incubation of GTN with GIT homogenates, the percent disappearance of GTN and the ratio of glyceryl-1,3-dinitrate (1,3-GDN) to glyceryl-1,2-dinitrate (1,2-GDN) were as follows: duodenum, 54%, 0.65; ileum, 73%, 0.68; and colon, 61%, 0.17. Incubation of 2 x 10(-7) M ISDN with mucosal and muscularis homogenates of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum resulted in significant losses of ISDN with an equimolar formation of the mononitrate metabolites. Most of the metabolic activity for ISDN resided in the mucosal layer of each section. The ratio of 2-ISMN to 5-ISMN varied in each section (stomach to colon) and cross section (mucosal versus muscularis) of the GIT. We conclude that the metabolism of ISDN and GTN by the GIT may contribute to the high clearance of these organic nitrates, and the low oral bioavailability of ISDN. Also, multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in the biotransformation of ISDN and GTN in the rabbit GIT.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic scanning in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract.

The possibility of using radiographic scanning for gastrointestinal studies was evaluated experimentally. Two tubular barium-filled phantoms containing simulated ulcers and polyps were placed in a 25-cm water container, and radiographs made with the conventional technique and scanographic technique were compared. Images obtained with the radiographic scanner were superior in contrast and sharpness. Two-millimeter polyps could be easily detected in the larger phantom. Due to improved latitude the larger phantom could be adequately penetrated without overexposing the smaller phantom. This was not possible with the standard technique. Best results were obtained with a heavily filtered 140-kVp beam. Radiographic scanning has great promise in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1984

Heterogeneous immunocytochemical reactivities of oCRF-41-like material in the human hypothalamus, pituitary and gastrointestinal tract.

Tissue specimens of human hypothalami, pituitaries and gastrointestinal tract were studied with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using 6 different rabbit ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (oCRF-41) antisera. All these antisera detected oCRF-41-like immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and their nerve terminals adjacent to portal capillaries in the infundibular stem and posterior pituitary. 1 antiserum recognised oCRF-41-like immunoreactivity in the growth hormone cells of the anterior pituitary. 3 other antisera recognised oCRF-41-like immunoreactivity in mucosal cells of the gastric antrum. Pre-treatment of the antisera with sauvagine did not affect the immunostaining of the hypothalamic and gastric cells, but quenched the immunostaining of growth hormone cells in the anterior pituitary. It is concluded that (1) in human hypothalami a CRF is synthesized that is structurally very similar to oCRF-41; (2) in growth hormone cells of the anterior pituitary oCRF-41-like immunoreactive material can be detected which shares antigenic determinants with sauvagine; (3) in mucosal cells of the gastric antrum oCRF-41-like immunoreactivity is present that is comparable but probably not identical to hypothalamic CRF and is not sauvagine-like.

Amphibian Proteins↗