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PubMed1986

Detection of mink enteritis virus in mink feces, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination, and electron microscopy.

Twenty-five mink were inoculated with mink enteritis virus (MEV). Fecal specimens were collected daily and were simultaneously evaluated for MEV antigen by use of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination (HA), and electron microscopy. Results of the evaluations indicated that MEV was shed in the feces on postinoculation days 5 and 6. The virus was not detectable by ELISA or HA after postinoculation day 6, although viruses were found in reduced numbers by use of electron microscopy. The ELISA was specific for MEV, and the sensitivity of the ELISA for MEV was comparable with that of HA.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[A comparison of manual methods and enterotube II (Roche) for the identification of gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from feces].

The Enterotube II and classic manual methods were used in parallel to identify 100 members of the enteric bacteria isolated from feces culture. Among these isolated bacteria Shigella, Salmonella and E. coli were found 34%, 25%, 22% respectively. The Enterotube II and classic manual methods gave the same results for identification of Salmonella and Shigella. The Enterotube II correctly identified 98% of all gram negative enteric bacteria. Other advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in our study.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of aerobic bacteria and fungi in the feces of healthy psittacine birds.

Fecal samples from 61 clinically healthy psittacine birds of a wide variety of species were cultured for bacteria and fungi. The most common bacterial isolates were gram-positive bacilli, which were recovered from 60 of the 61 birds. These organisms included Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces. Gram-positive cocci, cultured from the feces of 21 of the birds, included Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Aerococcus spp., and Micrococcus spp. Only 6 of the 61 psittaciformes yielded gram-negative bacteria, with Escherichia coli being the most frequent isolate. Gram-negative bacilli were recovered from 4 of the 31 privately owned birds and 2 of the 30 petshop birds sampled. In addition to the bacteria, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from 13 fecal cultures. Candida albicans was isolated exclusively from 5 petshop birds. The number of birds yielding Corynebacterium and gram-negative bacteria increased with age, whereas the number of birds yielding lactobacilli and yeasts decreased with age. The organisms isolated and their significance as potential pathogens in psittacine birds are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of Giardia in the feces of pups.

Fecal specimens were collected from 117 healthy pups (79 privately owned pups and 38 pups from an animal shelter) and analyzed for Giardia. Giardia cysts or trophozoites were found in 35.9% of the dog feces.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica in human feces in Argentina].

The isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from a child's feces with an acute diarrhea is reported for the first time in Argentina. The strain was classified as belonging to the biotype 4 of Wauters, serotype O:3, phage type VIII. The virulence-associated test of autoagglutination, calcium dependency and production of heat-stable enterotoxin were positive, whereas neither lethality for the adult mouse by oral route, nor invasiveness by using the Serény test in the mouse, were demonstrated. A plasmid of approximately 40 Mdal was detected. The suckling mouse LD50 was 4.1 x 10(6) cells. These characteristics are in agreement with those reported for most of the Yersinia enterocolitica strains belonging to the same serotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of porphyrin excretion in feces as determined by liquid chromatography; reference values and the effect of flora suppression.

While determining reference values for porphyrins in feces as measured by liquid chromatography, we observed strong fluctuations in fecal porphyrin contents. To explain these fluctuations, we selectively suppressed the intestinal flora of healthy persons. Suppression of aerobic flora had no effect on fecal porphyrin excretions, whereas suppression of anaerobic flora completely inhibited the transformation of protoporphyrin to pempto- and deuteroporphyrin for as long as five days after stopping medication. During this latter, the conversion to mesoporphyrin was clearly increased in one person and in others partly affected or decreased. During complete suppression of flora for prolonged periods, the production of proto- and coproporphyrins was decreased and deutero-, pempto-, and mesoporphyrins were absent. We conclude that the nature of fecal porphyrins is mostly affected by action of anaerobic bacteria, different kinds of bacteria having different effects. Some, like aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, have little or no effect on porphyrins; some cause production of mesoporphyrin; some promote a conversion to pempto- and deuteroporphyrin; and some mainly cause production of copro- and protoporphyrin. We give examples in which normal to slightly increased excretions of fecal porphyrin do not exclude a diagnosis of porphyria, and relatively high concentrations do not confirm one.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Media with yeast RNA for isolating Shigella flexneri from feces].

The authors demonstrated a considerable, in comparison with the control, increase of the biomass of Sh. flexneri causative agent, when growing in meat-peptone broth with 1-4 mg of NaRNA, and of the number of colonies in the feces of the patients and of healthy persons artificially contaminated with Sh. flexneri when inoculated in Ploskirev's agar or Endo medium with 4 mg/ml of NaRNA. Using media with NaRNA for laboratory diagnosis of dysentery is recommended.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1986

[Characteristics of microbial associations represented by the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from the feces of healthy children and children with salmonellosis].

Associations formed by microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae in feces have been studied using the principles of ecological investigation. The study has revealed that the associations isolated from children with salmonellosis sharply differ from those isolated from healthy children in the number of species and in the variety of their combinations, as well as in changes in the proportion of different species, observed in multiple investigations.

Child↗
PubMed1985

[Study on the presence of yeasts in the feces of the rock pigeon (Columba livia Gmelin 1789) from rural areas].

The diffusion of rock-pigeon (domestic form of Columba livia Gmelin 1789) is greatly increasing owing to its high reproductivity; for this reason it is present in both countries and cities. This bird is considered an important vector of pathogens to man and domestic animals, and today it represents a serious hygienic-sanitary problem. Therefore we checked for the presence of yeasts in feces of rock-pigeons nesting in the Regional Park "La Mandria" (near Turin), visited mostly by school-children and retired. The yeasts isolated were: Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. guillermondii, C. intermedia, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus albidus, C. laurentii, C. neoformans, C. terreus, Pichia membranaefaciens, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. oleaginosus, S. telluris, Torulopsis candida, Trichosporon cutaneum. The incidence of the species isolated is reported on Tables 1 and 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tissue distribution and excretion in urine, feces and respiratory CO2 of [14C]-ciclosidomine in beagle dogs.

14C-Labelled N-cyclohexanecarbonyl-3-(4-morpholino)-sydnone-imine hydrochloride [( 14C]-ciclosidomine, Neopres) labelled in the sydnone or morpholine position was administered orally and by intravenous injection to beagle dogs at a dose level of 1 mg/kg. The rates and routes of excretion of radioactivity were determined. The oral dose was completely absorbed and most (greater than 70%) of the radioactive label (both positions) was excreted in the urine within the first 24-48 h. The remaining label(morpholine-labelled drug) was found in feces (less than or equal to 8%), respiratory 14CO2 (2.3%) and throughout the carcass, with no major single depot. Radioactivity peaked within four hours. Elimination of dose label from the blood was biphasic, with an alpha phase (t 1/2 of 2.5 and 4.6 h after oral administration of morpholine- and sydnone-labelled drug, respectively) and a very slow beta-phase (t 1/2 = 120 h, both labels). Thin layer chromatography of 0-24 h urines (morpholine label) indicated total metabolism of the parent compound. A device is described for the continuous monitoring over several days of 14CO2 in exhaled breath from a conscious dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Rapid diagnosis of dysbacteriosis by detecting beta-aspartylglycine in the feces in an experiment].

In experiments on Fischer rats (F-344), both with common microflora and germ-free, the influence of the systemic destination of different antibiotics (tetracycline + ampicillin, gentamicin + kefzol, gentamicin, fradizine) on the intestinal microflora, the content of beta-ospartylglycine in feces and the colonization resistance of the intestinal tract to Staphylococcus aureus B-243 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 93 has been studied. The early appearance of beta-aspartyl-glycine in the supernatant of fecal samples has been shown to be the first sign of dysbacteriosis and to indicate the decrease of the colonization resistance of the intestine to opportunistic bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Effect of cellulose in the diet on the recovery of dietary plant sterols from the feces.

In one normal subject, J.S., fed several formula diets in a sterol balance study, only 25-58% of the ingested plant sterols were recovered from the stool. The dietary plant sterols were completely recovered from the stools of five other men. Plant sterol recovery was complete in all men when a diet of mixed general foods was consumed. Since the chief differences in composition of the formula and the diet of mixed general foods were related to the different contents of cellulose and lactose, these components were added to the formula diet of J.S., and plant sterol balance studies were then carried out. The addition of fresh celery or pulverized cellulose to the formula diet partially corrected the usual fecal loss of plant sterols (80% being recovered). Lactose in the formula was only slightly corrective. However, the addition of both cellulose and lactose led to complete recovery of the ingested plant sterols in the feces. Bacterial cultures of stools were incubated with added cholesterol-4-(14)C, and a linear relationship between losses of sterol during balance studies and in vitro incubations was observed; that is, a considerable loss of the labeled cholesterol from cultures after the formula diet, but not after the diet of mixed general foods. This in vitro loss was also corrected by the addition of cellulose and lactose to the formula diet. The loss of the sterol nucleus in the intestinal tract may occur at times because of the lack of certain dietary constituents. It is hypothesized that the metabolism of intestinal tract bacteria is altered when certain constituents are not present in the diet, and that these bacteria may then degrade the sterol nucleus.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1971

Extraction of bile acids from rat feces containing cholestyramine.

The fecal extraction procedure described by Evrard and Janssen (1) was inadequate for the complete extraction of conjugated bile acids from feces containing the bile acid sequestrant, cholestyramine. As judged by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, substitution of 0.5 n HCl in absolute ethanol for glacial acetic acid allowed for complete recovery (98-104%) of three different conjugated bile salts in the presence of the resin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of enteric pathogens in the feces of healthy beef calves.

Fecal specimens from 136 healthy beef calves (1 day to 12 weeks of age) were examined for the presence of infectious agents known to cause enteric disease in calves. The calves were selected from 22 herds in which all calves were free of clinically apparent enteric disease. Salmonella sp, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, and coronavirus were not detected in any of the calves. Three calves were infected with rotavirus and 1 calf was infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. Campylobacter-like bacteria were isolated from 50 of 130 calves, with 36 of the calves positive for C jejuni. Seemingly, clinically normal calves may be infected more often with enterotoxigenic E coli, Cryptosporidium, coronavirus, or rotavirus in herds in which some calves have enteric disease than in herds free of major enteric disease. Campylobacter jejuni was well adapted to the bovine host and was of similar prevalence in diarrheal and nondiarrheal calves. The K99 positive, nonenterotoxigenic E coli was isolated from the feces of 16 healthy calves. Information in addition to the presence of K99 antigen is useful when diagnosing enterotoxic colibacillosis in calves.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Viruses in the feces of patients with viral hepatitis and other enterovirus infections].

Direct and immune electron microscopy was used to determine the frequency of finding of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and other viral agents in feces of patients in relation to the diagnosis and epidemiological situation. HAV-containing excretions from patients were analysed ultrastructurally. The highest frequency of HAV detection was established in patients in a water-borne and food-borne outbreak of hepatitis A (HA) and was 40.9% and 36.9%, respectively. In patients with HA diagnosis in the period of a seasonal rise of HA incidence HAV particles were found in 11.8%, and in the interseasonal period in 5%. Apart from HAV particles, in a small per cent of patients with HA diagnosis adenovirus and enterovirus particles were found. In patients with the disease diagnosed as hepatitis B (HB) only adenovirus and enterovirus particles were found. In contrast to the patients with HAV and HB diagnosis, the patients who were combined into a conditional "non-hepatitis" group were found to have, in addition to HAV (in the period of seasonal rise of HA incidence), adenovirus and enterovirus particles, also particles of astrovirus, coronavirus, and rotavirus. In fecal specimens of patients containing typical HAV particles structures were found resembling individual fragments of empty HAV particles, antibody-covered 17-22 nm and 27 nm spherical structures poorly reacting with antibody.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Detection of rotavirus in the feces of children with diarrhea].

Bacteriological and virological examinations of feces from sick children diagnosed as having an "enteric infection of obscure etiology" were carried out. Out of 30 fecal specimens 6 showed positive results in agar gel diffusion test with antiserum to calf diarrhea rotavirus confirmed by electron microscopy. The relationship of virological and bacteriological findings and age of the patients was established. Differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease in virus-positive and virus-negative patients were observed.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1981

Purification and characterization of carcinoembryonic antigen-related antigens in normal adult feces.

We tried to purify carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related antigens in normal human feces and found that, besides nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (fecal NCA), there are three other molecular species of CEA-related antigens which have been inclusively called normal fecal antigen (NFA). These were designated normal fecal antigen 1 (NFA-1), normal fecal antigen 2 (NFA-2), and normal fecal cross-reacting antigen (NFCA), respectively. Among these antigens, NFA-1, NFA-2, and fecal NCA were isolated in pure form. NFCA has not yet been obtained in pure form but was identified as an antigen different from three other antigens. All antigens were glycoprotein in nature and migrated electrophoretically in the beta region. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 20,000 to 30,000 for NFA-1, 160,000 to 170,000 for NFA-2, and 80,000 to 90,000 for NCA, respectively. NFA-2 had amino acid and carbohydrate compositions similar to those of CEA. The results obtained by immunodiffusion analyses of antigenic determinants indicate that CEA and NFA-2 can be divided into four antigenic moieties: the first one is distinctive for CEA (cancer determinant) or NFA-2 (NFA-2-distinctive determinant); the second one corresponds to NFA-1 (NFA-1 determinant); and the remaining two moieties are present on NFCA, one of which is characteristic for NFCA (NFCA determinant) and the other of which is shared with NCA (NCA-common determinant).

Antigens↗