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PubMed1998

[Malignant tumors of mandible in children].

Primary bone tumors represent about 7% of paediatric malignancies. Osteosarcoma and Ewing's tumor are the most frequent ones, however they are rare in facial bones. Mandibular localization is slightly more frequent and of better prognosis than maxillary one. Until 1995 there were only about 70 cases reported in the medical literature, mainly in the oncological or dental periodics. Our material consists of two children with Ewing's tumor of the mandible and one patient with osteosarcoma. The diagnosis was based on histopathological or cytological studies. The combined treatment--chemotherapy and radiotherapy--was performed in two patients with Ewing's tumor. The recommended resection of the mandible including the tumor mass has not been performed. No facial asymmetry is seen after termination of the radiotherapy. The boy with osteosarcoma underwent primary mandibular partial resection; a two-year chemotherapy was introduced only when metastases in the regional lymph nodes occurred (BLM, CTX, ACT-D, ADM, CDDP). The mandible was reconstructed surgically in 5 years after termination of radiotherapy and the anatomical relationship in the masticatory organ was restored. All children are now in good condition under our long-term observation. We present these cases of mandibular tumors regarding their rare occurrence and positive results of the introduced treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1984

A destructive maxillary cemento-ossifying fibroma following maxillofacial trauma.

The cemento-ossifying fibroma, a mesodermal type of non-odontogenic tumor, is rarely discussed in the otolaryngologic literature. It is a tumor that is seen more in blacks than in whites, appears largely in the elderly, is chiefly located in the mandibular molar or premolar area and is generally neither aggressive nor excessively destructive. The triggering mechanism for its derivation from aberrant periodontal membrane growth or development from endosteal fibrous tissue remains controversial. We report a case of cemento-ossifying fibroma in a 26-year-old Hispanic male which was located in the posterior portion of the maxilla which destroyed the maxillary bone, orbital floor, and the lateral wall of the nose. One year prior to discovery of the lesion the patient sustained severe facial trauma resulting in facial bone fractures. It may be speculated that the trauma sustained was the critical triggering factor allowing for unchecked growth and destruction associated with an otherwise non-aggressive tumor, which may have been present prior to the traumatic incident.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Frontal and facial flatness of major human populations.

In the present study, the frontal and facial features of 112 populations from around the world are compared in terms of frontal and facial flatness measurements. Univariate analyses and canonical correlation analysis were applied to six indices representing flatness of frontal and facial bones. The deep infraglabellar notch, marked prognathism, and flat frontal bone show distinctive Australian/Melanesian characters among recent populations. Very flat faces in the transverse plane are the most common condition in eastern Asians. Some subSaharan Africans share similar characteristics with Australians in terms of marked prognathism and flat frontal bones in the sagittal plane on the one hand, and with eastern Asians on the other hand, for flat nasal and zygomaxillary regions. These results are not necessarily inconsistent with the evidence for regional continuity. The examination of relationships between frontal and facial flatness through canonical correlation analysis reveals a significant association between morphological features such as a deep infraglabellar notch, prognathism, flat frontal bone, and flat faces in the transverse plane. In this context, together with the generalized features of the late Pleistocene fossil record, the features of Australians having transversely projecting faces and of eastern Asians showing weak infraglabellar notches, ortho-/mosognathism, and rounded frontal bones can be interpreted as a differential retention of ancestral traits of anatomically modern humans. This may allow us to suppose that the frontal and facial flatness features treated herein can be explained by the hypothesis of a single origin of anatomically modern humans.

Asian People↗
PubMed1987

Pre-auricular (tragus) skin incision in fracture of the malar arch.

The malar arch consists of both the temporal process of the malar bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. So far, there have been various different surgical approaches to the fractured malar arch. This report deals with 16 cases of the facial bone fractures including the malar arch. The usefulness of a pre-auricular (tragus) skin incision elongated to the haired temporal region is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Human maxilla bone response to 30 degrees oriented impacts and comparison with frontal bone impacts.

The aims of this study were to compare the responses of human maxilla and frontal bones under 30 degrees-oriented impacts. Maxilla and frontal bones of the same subject were impacted by a guided horizontal steel cylinder. Linear acceleration time histories and force time histories were plotted and corridors were proposed for maxilla bone response. Sensitivity of head dynamics in regard to impact energy level and localization showed the protection of the intracranial contents by the facial bones crushing. Injury risk curves were established for impact on frontal bone, showing a 50% risk injury for impact energy of 265 J or impact force of 7500 N.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1996

Perioperative nursing care of patients with craniofacial injuries.

Craniofacial injuries are the result of deceleration, blunt, or penetrating trauma. Depending on the mechanism of injury, craniofacial fractures can be minor and go undetected, or they can produce devastating facial deformities. With the advent of intermaxillary fixation devices, surgeons can manipulate facial bone structures and repair soft tissue damage in the majority of patients with craniofacial trauma injuries. Most patients experience optimal results from their craniofacial surgical procedures and return to normal lives after surgery.

Facial Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Helical CT and three-dimensional CT of facial and orbital injury.

Knowledge of the regions of the face and their buttresses and knowledge of the types of facial injuries frequently encountered simplifies the diagnostic task. The indications for CT include detection of suspected fractures and preoperative planning. The cost of facial CT to the hospital has declined and is little different than the cost of plain films. CT may become the screening modality of choice depending on the cost structure at any given hospital.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1978

Facial fractures.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1975

Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Management of nasal injury.

Nasal injuries frequently occur and may result in immediate or delayed disturbances in both function and appearance. Early evaluation and management are beneficial in lessening the complications and disturbances in nasal function. A thorough intranasal examination is necessary to evaluate the injury, and examination may require local or general anesthesia to assess the injury properly. Specific management depends on the extent of injury. Minimal nasal injuries in children may result in a major disturbance of nasal function.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2006

Nomenclature of frontobasal trauma: a new clinicoradiographic classification.

BACKGROUND: High-velocity accidents cause significant injury to the cranial and facial skeleton. Frontobasal fractures include fractures of the upper third of the face and anterior skull base. The pattern and classifications of these fractures are poorly understood at present. The authors have attempted a new comprehensive classification based on detailed clinicoradiographic evaluation. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital in 1 calendar year (July of 2000 to June of 2001). All 63 patients with frontobasal fractures had detailed clinical and radiographic evaluation with plain radiographs and high-resolution computed tomographic scan. The fractures were classified as frontal, basal, and combined. Areas were separated as central (designated type 1) and lateral (designated type 2) to differentiate the pattern in the sagittal plane according to the site of impact. Combined fractures involving both central and lateral areas were designated type 3. These could be further classified into unilateral or bilateral or pure or impure, depending on the absence or presence of midfacial fractures. RESULTS: The fractures were subdivided into nine types considering the whole lateral and anteroposterior extents of the frontobasal region. The most common was the combined frontobasal type (30.16 percent). We found the pure type in 38.1 percent (24 of 63) and the impure type in 61.9 percent (39 of 63) of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred more commonly in impure types of frontobasal fracture. Blunt trauma leading to closed frontobasal fracture was seen in 35 patients. Penetrating trauma with open fractures was found in 28 patients and cerebrospinal fluid leak through the wound was seen in six of them. CONCLUSIONS: The new comprehensive classification clearly defines the anatomical areas within the frontobasal region, the nature of injury, and its association with midfacial injuries, and is helpful in planning the approach to their exposure in surgery.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Facial injuries in hockey players.

As otolaryngologists become more involved with maxillofacial trauma, we are encountering an increasing number of athletic injuries. Ice hockey accounts for a large number of these facial injuries. The fast moving and random nature of the game, frequent body and equipment contact and lack of protective devices, predisposes the hockey player to facial injury. Because of the roughly tenfold increase in hockey participation over the last decade, the problem of facial injury prevention has become a significant public health problem in North America. Review of the medical literature shows a paucity of interest in the subject of facial injury prevention in hockey. Several articles have dealt with ocular injury, while other articles have dealt with the general subject of hockey injury with only scant attention paid to the facial area. A retrospective study was carried out to more clearly define the scope of the facial injury problem. Four levels of hockey play were examined. Individuals from the youngest and most inexperienced to seasoned professionals were studied. An individually completed questionnaire was received from players in each group. It is the purpose of this paper to indicate the rates of injury for the various types of facial trauma, present their mechanisms of occurrence and discuss means of preventing facial injury in hockey players.

Athletic Injuries↗