Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Epilepsy, Complex Partial”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Long latency evoked potentials in a case of corpus callosum agenesia.

Following monoaural stimulation, long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) recorded from contralateral temporal areas have a shorter latency and larger amplitude than those recorded from the ipsilateral temporal areas. This observation agrees with the operational model drawn up in 1967 by Kimura, which assumes that only anatomically prevailing crossed auditory pathways are active during dichotic hearing, while direct pathways are inhibited. The inputs may then be conveyed to the contralateral cortex, from where they finally reach the ipsilateral temporal areas by means of interhemispheric commissures. It is this mechanism which may underline the right ear advantage for verbal stimuli and the left ear advantage for melodies observed when administering dichotic listening tasks. With the aim of verifying this hypothesis, we recorded temporal LLAEPs in a 21 year-old woman suffering from complex partial seizures, whose CT scan and MRI showed corpus callosum agenesia. Our data support the hypothesis that ipsilateral pathways are greatly inhibited by the contralateral pathways, and therefore auditory stimuli can be supposed to reach the contralateral auditory cortex from where they are transferred through the corpus callosum to the ipsilateral auditory cortex.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Comparative study of interictal PET and ictal SPECT in complex partial seizures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of ictal 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with interictal 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in localization of the epileptogenic focus in patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (MI-CPS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with MI-CPS who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy from January 1993 onwards when PET became available to us for clinical studies at the Indiana University Medical Center. There were 38 female and 29 male patients (total = 67) with MI-CPS, 10 to 55.5 years of age (mean 31) and duration of their epilepsy from 1-46 years (mean 21). Interictal PET was evaluated for evidence of focal hypometabolism and ictal SPECT for focal perfusion abnormality (hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion) by visual analysis. RESULTS: Both ictal SPECT and interictal FDG-PET studies were obtained in 36 patients with MI-CPS. PET showed definite hypometabolism in 30 and questionable hypometabolism in an additional two patients. Ictal SPECT correctly localized the seizure focus in 27 patients by demonstrating ictal hyperperfusion whereas in one the hyperperfusion was falsely localized. In an additional seven patients the ictal SPECT provided probable localization by demonstrating ictal hypoperfusion in the appropriate temporal lobe. The sensitivity of ictal SPECT and interictal PET was 34/36 and 32/36, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (chi 2y = 0.18, DF = 1, P = 0.67). In six of the 36 patients the two tests were complementary to each other in providing localizing information. CONCLUSION: Ictal SPECT and interictal PET are equally sensitive and reliable techniques in localizing the epileptogenic focus in patients with MI-CPS. They play a critical role in providing localization in MRI negative patients allowing surgical resection to be undertaken in many without additional invasive electrographic monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in multiple sclerosis.

We report an unusual cause of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in a young man with a long history of multiple sclerosis. Two exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, 3 years apart, were complicated by complex partial status epilepticus. After each episode, serial electroencephalograms revealed PLEDs (right frontal PLEDs in the first episode and right frontotemporal and bifrontal PLEDs in the second one), which resolved within 2 weeks. With the first episode, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing white matter lesion in the right frontal area, which improved after 3 weeks. We concluded that in each instance an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis caused the seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Out-of-body-like experiences are more probable in people with elevated complex partial epileptic-like signs during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity: a nonlinear effect.

The ratings of subjective experiences of the self "leaving" or of being detached from the body were obtained (over a 3-yr. period) for a total of 128 men and women who had been exposed only once to an experimental setting which enhances the awareness of cognitive processes. As hypothesized, the individuals who exhibited the greatest proportion of complex partial epileptic-like signs also reported the most intense experiences of detachment from the body; however, these occurred primarily when the geomagnetic activity on the day of the experiment exceeded about 15 nT but was less than about 45 nT. Geomagnetic activity for the day after or the three days before the experiment was not associated with these experiences. The effect was equivalent to a correlation coefficient (eta) of .38.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pubertal arrest associated with valproic acid therapy.

Valproic acid has previously been demonstrated to decrease the secretion of multiple pituitary hormones; however, clinical symptoms associated with decreased hormone secretion have not been described. A girl is reported with complex partial seizures who was treated with valproic acid from age 10 years, 7 months to 12 years, 1 month and during this time had an arrest of both growth and secondary sexual development. Two months after discontinuing valproic acid she had resumption of both pubertal growth and maturation. A prospective controlled study is needed to determine more precisely the effects of valproic acid on growth and development.

Body Height↗
PubMed1995

Complex partial epileptic-like signs contribute differential sources of variance to low self-esteem and imaginings.

64 university men and 55 university women displayed correlations (r = 0.40) between two psychometric inventories that have been employed to study subclinical complex partial epileptic-like signs in normal and traumatically brain-injured people. Although psychometric inferences of self-esteem and reports of childhood memories and imaginings were not significantly associated, both indicators of complex partial epileptic-like signs showed significantly positive associations with fantasy-prone behavior but significantly negative correlations with self-esteem. Subsequent analyses supported the vectorial hemisphericity model that elevated mesiobasal limbic activity may enhance imaginings while frequent intrusions into awareness of right-hemispheric indicators would be also associated with lower self-esteem. Lower self-esteem was correlated significantly with reported fears and phobias for the women but not for the men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Limbic encephalitis: a case report.

We report a case of a 24 year old patient, who presented with simple and complex partial epileptic seizures, progressive changes in behaviour and affect including marked aggression, and a decline in memory to the point of inability to learn. Extensive work-up resulted in a final diagnosis of limbic encephalitis. This diagnosis was supported by a number of investigations performed during the follow-up of 6 years and ranging from the basic EEG to the more sophisticated investigations of magnetic resonance tomography, magnetoencephalography and positron emission tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Visual field loss associated with vigabatrin: pathological correlations.

Pathological changes are reported in the anterior visual pathways of a 41 year old man with complex partial seizures treated with vigabatrin who developed bilateral visual field constriction. There was peripheral retinal atrophy with loss of ganglion cells and loss of nerve fibres in the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts. No evidence of intramyelinic oedema was seen. These findings suggest that the primary site of injury lies within the ganglion cells in the retina. The degree of atrophy seen would suggest that the visual field loss is irreversible.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Extraventricular neurocytoma with ganglionic differentiation associated with complex partial seizures.

We report an unusual case of extraventricular ("cerebral") neurocytoma with ganglion cells located in the right temporal lobe in a 9-year-old girl with complex partial seizures and precocious puberty. CT showed a calcified mass with central cystic zones. MR imaging showed a markedly hyperintense predominately solid tumor on both T1- and T2-weighted images, without appreciable contrast enhancement. Cerebral neurocytomas are histologically benign and radical surgery is curative; they should be included in the differential diagnosis of temporal lobe tumors in children.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral medial temporal lobe damage without amnesic syndrome: a case report.

After the case report H.M. [42], unilateral neurosurgical interventions in the mediotemporal area have no longer been performed, if damage to the contralateral mediotemporal region was present, because of running the risk of provoking a postoperative amnesic syndrome. We present a patient with bilateral mediotemporal cysts and medically refractory complex partial seizures originating in the left mediotemporal region. Although our patient had additional right mediotemporal damage and poor non-verbal learning and memory, the left amygdaloid body and the left hippocampal formation were resected because the patient passed a selective anterior temporal lobe Amobarbital test. Postoperatively, our patient's non-verbal memory recovered to normal, but his verbal memory declined. Nevertheless, he was non-amnesic and seizure-free.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1995

Aplastic anemia in a patient receiving felbamate for complex partial seizures.

A 53-year-old woman began taking felbamate for uncontrolled complex partial seizures. Four months later, she developed fatigue and ecchymotic skin lesions. Laboratory studies revealed very severe aplastic anemia. There have been an additional nine reported cases of aplastic anemia in the setting of felbamate treatment. The association between felbamate and aplastic anemia has resulted in a joint recommendation by the US Food and Drug Administration and the manufacturer of felbamate, Carter-Wallace, Inc., for the immediate withdrawal of patients from treatment with felbamate.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1991

Computerized seizure detection of complex partial seizures.

In this study, we describe a computerized method that uses 3 quantified EEG features and discriminant analysis to automatically detect seizure EEG. The quantified EEG features were relative amplitude, dominant frequency and rhythmicity. Using EEGs recorded from intracranial electrodes, the seizure detection method was applied to consecutive non-overlapping 2-channel EEG epochs. A seizure detection sensitivity, ranging from 90% to 100%, was associated with a false positive detection rate of 1.5-2.5/h. The performance of the seizure detection method remained stable for EEG recorded over variable time periods.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMed1999

The effect of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vigabatrin (VGB; gamma-vinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]), a selective irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor, on cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and 15O water PET. BACKGROUND: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) reduce CMRGlc to varying degrees. Phenobarbital causes a mean decrease of 30 to 40%. Phenytoin, carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA) cause milder reductions in CMRGlc. The combination of VPA with CBZ results in a greater decrease than either drug alone. The effect of novel AEDs on both CBF and CMRGlc has not been studied extensively. METHODS: Fourteen patients with refractory complex partial seizures on CBZ monotherapy for 4 weeks were included in the study. All patients had baseline 18F-FDG and 15O water PET studies followed by double-blind randomization to placebo (PLC) or VGB while on continuous CBZ treatment. PET scans were repeated after an interval of 2 months on target dose of VGB (50 mg/kg) or PLC. Quantitative PET data analysis was performed using a region of interest template. Significance was tested with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in age, duration of epilepsy, or CBZ levels was observed in the two patient groups. VGB reduced global CMRGlc by 8.1+/-6.5% and global CBF by 13.1+/-10.4%. The change in CMRGlc was different in patients taking VGB compared with those on PLC (p < 0.04). VGB patients showed regional decreases in both CMRGlc and CBF, particularly in temporal lobes. CSF total GABA increased in the VGB patient group (1.48+/-1.06 versus 4.03+/-4.19 nm/mL). The increase differed from the PLC group (p < 0.03). We found a strong relation between decreased total CSF GABA and increased CMRGlc in the VGB patient group (R2 = 0.82, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Vigabatrin (VGB) causes mild reductions in both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc) in contrast to other drugs such as barbiturates, which are direct agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor complex. Conventional AEDs depress CBF and CMRGlc to a greater degree than does VGB. The relatively mild reduction could be due to pre- as well as postsynaptic effects or a use-dependent mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Atypical clinical and electroencephalographic pattern in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

We describe an atypical clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern observed during the course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in a 14 year-old boy. In this patient with a two weeks history of partial complex seizures, the atypical EEG pattern was characterized by an initial left temporal focus which evolved to periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) and, only during the 3rd and 4th weeks the typical bilateral and generalized periodic complexes appeared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges after complex partial status epilepticus associated with increased focal cerebral blood flow.

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are typically associated with encephalitis, cerebral abscess, cerebral infarct, and status epilepticus. There is considerable debate as to whether this pattern is ictal or interictal when seen in association with status epilepticus. We present a patient with complex partial status epilepticus who developed PLEDs and remained comatose despite optimal drug therapy. Technetium 99m single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed hyperperfusion that resolved with further aggressive antiepileptic drug therapy, indicating that this pattern may indeed be ictal. Further studies are needed to define the significance of PLEDs in patients with status epilepticus. The role of SPECT in differentiating PLEDs as an interictal or ictal pattern also requires further study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Psychiatric complications in a patient with complex partial seizures.

This case highlights the complexities of evaluating and treating psychiatric symptoms that are concurrent with a seizure disorder. Interictal and postictal psychoses, affective disorders, personality changes, and cognitive deficits are common problems that require modified psychiatric treatments.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1998

Elevations of complex partial epileptic-like experiences during increased geomagnetic activity for women reporting "premenstrual syndrome".

Responses to the frequency of complex partial epileptic-like experiences were recorded every second day by 12 women for at least two months per individual. Five (41%) of the women displayed significant increases (effect sizes between 6% and 17%) in the numbers of these experiences when the daily geomagnetic activity exceeded 40 nT. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that a spectrum of experiences and behaviours, associated with limbic lability, can be enhanced by environmental stimuli correlated with perturbations of the geomagnetic field.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prolonged nonepileptic twilight state with convulsive manifestations after febrile convulsions: a clinical and electroencephalographic study.

EEGs were obtained from 14 infants during behavior clinically diagnose d as prolonged febrile seizures. The clinical manifestations during EEG recordings resembled complex partial seizures (CPS) with convulsive manifestations, but the accompanying EEG waveforms were not epileptiform. Rather, two types of slow wave activity occurred: One was continuous diffuse delta (CDD) waves; the other was diffuse rhythmic theta (DRT) waves. I have termed these clinical states "nonepileptic twilight states with convulsive manifestations" (NETC). Because the CDD and DRT activity was similar to childhood arousal responses, I hypothesized that NETC might be a prolonged arousal state with increased muscle tone induced by a preceding febrile convulsion.

Arousal↗