Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Enterobacter”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Structure and oxygen sensitivity of nifLA promoter of Enterobacter cloacae.

The nucleotide sequence of the nifLA promoter of Enterobacter cloacae E26 was determined, and the transcription start site of nifLA was mapped by the primer extension. Studies on the oxygen regulation of E. cloacae nifLA promoter with the nifL'-lacZ fusion showed that the nifLA promoter was sensitive to oxygen as Klebsiella pneumoniae nifLA promoter reported previously. Comparison between the nifLA promoter sequences of E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae revealed the presence of an 11-bp conserved sequence between the -24/-12 consensus of sigma 54-dependent promoter and NtrC binding motif. The 11-bp sequence is speculated to be involved in the oxygen regulation of the nifLA promoter of both enteric bacteria.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Ribosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection].

16s and 23s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified form E. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32P] dATP by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rDNA. rDNA fingerprinting analysis of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as Hind III, EcoRI, BamHI, Bgl I, et al. Results showed rDNA fingerprinting of E. cloacae strains isolated from 10 patients with nosocomial infection was the same as that from other sources. It suggested E. cloacae causing this outbreak was originated from one genetic clone, and its source of infection was the tubes and humidifying bottles for oxygenation. rDNA fingerprinting technique is accurate, reliable, specific and repeatable, and will plays important roles in identification and classification of bacteria, tracking the source of transmission of nosocomial infection.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1994

[A plasmid-mediated SHV type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Beijing isolate of Enterobacter gergoviae].

By conjugation experiment, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESb1a) encoded on a transferable plasmid of approximately 60 Kilobases was found in a clinical strain of Enterobacter gergoviae isolated from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Its E. coli transconjugant was resistant to all beta-lactams tested except cefoxitin and imipenem. Clavulanic acid, a classical beta-lactamase inhibitor, inhibited its activity. Hybridization with an intragenic probe for SHV-1 revealed that this ESb1a may be related to, or derived from SHV enzyme.

Ceftazidime↗
PubMed1993

Endophthalmitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae.

Cataract extraction with placement of intraocular lenses is the most common intraocular procedure done today, with endophthalmitis as its most devastating complication. To our knowledge, this is only the third reported case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Enterobacter cloacae. The course of infection, the treatment, and the laboratory identification of this organism are presented. It is important to add this proven case of gram-negative endophthalmitis to our growing knowledge of causes of this disease because, despite aggressive treatment with vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics, the infection was so virulent that it led to eventual phthisis bulbi.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Restriction system--type II modification in Enterobacter cloacae strains].

Various clinical strains of Enterobacter cloacae have been examined for the presence of site-specific endonuclease activities. Restriction endonucleases of class II have been isolated from six strains. Recognition sequences for all of these endonucleases were determined and the cleavage sites were identified for two of them. The enzymes prove to be isoschizomers of EcoRII and PstI. Restriction endonucleases Ecl2zI and Ecl37kI recognise the nucleotide sequences CTGA/G and are true isoschizomers of PstI. The genes for Ecl54kI and Ecl57kI restriction-modification systems (isoschizomers of EcoRII) were found to be located on the IncN group plasmids, whereas the genes for Ecl2zI and Ecl99kI seem to be located on the chromosomes of host cells.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗
PubMed1993

Effects on cell morphology of growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus aureus in subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid.

Light microscopy and electron microscopy studies with Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid indicate that p-aminobenzoic acid may have a direct or indirect effect on the cell walls. The morphological effects of p-aminobenzoic acid varied with different bacterial species. E. cloacae grown in the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid produced filaments while P. aeruginosa cells were elongated and had thicker peripheral cell walls. S. aureus had increased overall cell size and thicker transverse cell walls.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of alpha-dicarbonyls reduction by L-glycol dehydrogenase (NAD+) from Enterobacter aerogenes.

L-glycol dehydrogenase from Enterobacter aerogenes shows a high affinity by NADH (Ks = 2-4 microM; Km = 4.3-9.7 microM), which indicates that it must operate in vivo saturated with this coenzyme. Michaelis and dissociation constants for the reduction of the carbonyl substrates assayed (diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, methylglyoxal and ethyl pyruvate) are similar to those reported for other diacetyl reducing enzymes. The kinetic mechanism followed by these reactions has also been studied. Our results prove that the reduction of diacetyl and ethyl pyruvate takes place via an Ordered Bi-Bi system with the coenzyme as the leading substrate. Methylglyoxal and 2,3-pentanedione are reduced by the same mechanism or by a Theorell-Chance one.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

[An investigation into antibiotic resistance and plasmid pattern of Enterobacter cloacae in burn infection].

In view of a high positive isolation rate and resistance to antibiotics of Enterobacter cloacae in our department, 32 strains of E. cloacae, which were isolated from blood and infected wounds of burned patients from June through November 1990, were randomly selected to determine their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics and their plasmid patterns. It was found that 29 of 32 strains were resistant to at least nine antibiotics, while the other three strains were relatively sensitive. 27 of 32 strains of E. cloacae were tested for plasmid, and among them, three strains (relatively sensitive to antibiotics) contained no plasmid. The plasmid patterns of the other 24 isolates varied with strains, but all of them had a 80 kb plasmid. The 80 kb plasmid was obviously related to the high isolation rate and high resistance to antibiotics of E. cloacae isolated in our department.

Burns↗
PubMed1996

Nosocomial infection due to enterobacter cloacae in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

A total of 151 Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from clinical samples (n = 139) and the hospital environment (n = 12) at a tertiary care hospital in northern India during January to October 1993, were analysed. The maximum isolations were during May (n = 24), June (n = 23) and July (n = 22). Urinary tract infection (n = 56) was the most common complication of E. cloacea infection followed by wound infection (42), respiratory tract infection (23) and bacteraemia/septicaemia (18). The frequency of resistance to different drugs was ampicillin 77.4 per cent, cotrimoxazole 79.5 per cent, gentamicin 57.5 per cent, cefotaxime 47 per cent and ofloxacin 36 per cent. Sixty three (41.7%) strains exhibited resistance to multiple drugs. Environmental isolates from bed, hospital diet, hand swab and water from a leaking drain pipe in a ward showed the same resistance pattern. A single index strain could not be identified using phage and biotyping, indicating that a variety of strains were responsible for the nosocomial infection. Adoption of strict aseptic measures and repair of the pipe brought down the infection rate.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods of intraspecies differentiation of Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical reactions].

Three methods of intraspecies differentiation of Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical tests were compared on 14 clinical strains of different origin and 1 reference strain of this enterobacterium. The methods employed were the original and modified Old's method of biotyping and a method for assessing the biochemical profile of E. cloacae strains using bioMerieux API 20E system (France). Modified Old's method was found to be the most convenient for practical studies.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1997

[Emergence of Enterobacter aerogenes strains producing derepressed cephalosporinase at CHU in Limoges: molecular epidemiology by the RAPD technique].

From the beginning of the year 1996, an increase of multiresistant Enterobacter aerogenes isolates was observed. These strains overproduced their chromosomally cephalosporinase. From February to September 1996, we studied the genotypic diversity of multiresistant E. aerogenes isolates. Fifty-seven strains were analysed with the RAPD technique. These strains were isolated from 38 patients in 25 different units. These isolates were collected from urines (37), respiratory tracts (14) and wounds (6). We have observed two distinct profiles. The predominant profile (A) was recovered from 55 strains (36 patients) and the second profile (B) from 2 strains (2 patients). The clonal relatedness of strains isolated (profile A) showed an epidemic spread in our hospital. The RAPD technique is easy to perform and gives results in less than 48 h with a good discriminatory power.

Cephalosporinase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from osteoarticular infections at the Nancy University Hospital 1990-1994].

Enterobacteriaceae represent more than 11% of bacteria involved in osteoarticular infections in adult and, among them, Enterobacter cloacae is found in 12% of the cases. The increased evolution of the antibiotic resistance rate of this species is worrying. However, all isolates responsible for this type of infection at the University Hospital of Nancy from 1990 to 1994 (24 strains isolated from 22 patients presented an identical antibiotype with especially a natural resistance phenotype to beta-lactam antibiotics except one cephalosporinase-over-producing strain. The DNA of these strains was studied by pulse-field gel electrophoresis after digestion by the restriction enzyme XbuI. The great genomic diversity obtained showed that the stability of the antibiotic susceptibility during the period studied was not due to the existence of unique clone but to that of multiple clones. The analysis of the restriction profiles has permitted to achieve a better differenciation of the strains than biotyping and antibiotyping, which confirms the high discrimination power of this genotypic method.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Confirmation of the structure of lipid A from Enterobacter agglomerans by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was utilized for the structural confirmation of lipid A derived from Enterobacter agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in field cotton. Previous ESI-MS studies conducted in our laboratory found that similarities exist between the fatty acid side-chains in the lipid A of E. agglomerans and that of Salmonella minnesota. It was noted that heterogeneity at the fatty acyl chain at position 3' of the diglucosamine backbone of E. agglomerans can take the form of either a myristyloxymyristyl group or, less commonly, a hydroxymyristyloxymyristyl moiety. In this work, tandem mass spectra obtained from heptaacyl and hexaacyl lipid A precursors derived from E. agglomerans and a known standard S. minnesota were compared to assist in structural elucidation. These ESI-MS/MS experiments confirmed the previously reported structure for lipid A derived from E. agglomerans. Moreover, MS/MS data indicated that the additional hydroxyl group of the 3'-position hydroxymyristyloxymyristyl moiety is present as the alpha-isomer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Uncoupled glycerol distribution as the origin of the accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde during the fermentation of glycerol by enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210

Batch fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3PPD) by Enterobacter agglomerans CNCM 1210 showed the lethal accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) when performed under initial substrate content higher than 40 g/L. Assigned to the inhibition by the NAD/NADH ratio of the 3-HPA converting enzyme: 1,3PPD dehydrogenase, intracellular assays were conducted in an attempt to identify the metabolic mechanisms involved in the increase of that ratio. An overflow metabolism through the 1,3PPD formation pathway was established, while a catabolic limitation in the oxidative branch at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase occurred. Uncoupled activities of synthesis and consumption of reducing equivalents are thus suspected to provoke the increase of the NAD/NADH ratio and the subsequent accumulation of 3-HPA. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Phenotypic modifications in amino acid profiles of cell residues of Candida utilis and Enterobacter aerogenes.

Glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Candida utilis were cultivated at various pH levels (3.0-7.5), temperatures (15-37.5 degrees C), dilution rates (0.006-0.42 hr-1), and with one of two nitrogen sources (NH+4 or NO-3). Enterobacter aerogenes was also cultivated in the chemostat under nitrogen and phosphorus limitations. The amino acid profile of total cell protein is expressed as the content of each amino acid relative to the sum of all amino acids recovered ater acid hydrolysis. Cell residues obtained after hot trichloracetic acid extraction display small variations in amino acid profile. Some of these variations correlate with the growth rate at satisfactory levels of statistical significance. In C. utilis, the correlations cover increased levels of lysine, arginine, and leucine and decreased levels of serine and glutamic acid with increased "reduced dilution rate" (D/Dc). In E. aerogenes, increased levels of lysine and arginine and a decreased level of glutamic acid correlate with increased dilution rate. The directions of most of these correlations and the extents of those pertaining to lysine and arginine are consistent with the change predicted to occur simultaneously in the relative level of the ribosomal protein group.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

A top-down proteomics approach for differentiating thermal resistant strains of Enterobacter sakazakii.

Thermal tolerance has been identified as an important factor relevant to the pathogenicity of Enterobacter sakazakii in human neonates. To identify a biomarker specific for this phenotypic trait, intact protein expression profiles of 12 strains of E. sakazakii were obtained using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Proteins were extracted from the bacterial cells, separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and mass analyzed. At the end of the chromatography run, the uncharged masses of the multiply charged proteins were determined via automated software routines. The resulting data provided an accurate mass expression profile of the proteins found in the individual strains. From the individual expression profiles, it was possible to identify unique proteins corresponding to strains with thermal resistance. One protein found only in the thermal tolerant strains was sequenced and identified as homologous to a hypothetical protein found in the thermal tolerant bacteria, Methylobacillus flagellatus KT. The protein sequence of this protein was then used to reverse-engineer PCR primers for the gene sequence associated with the protein. In all cases, only thermal tolerant strains of E. sakazakii produced amplified PCR products, demonstrating the specificity of this biomarker.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of ferrioxamine E as the principal siderophore of Erwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans).

Several strains of the enterobacterial group Erwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) were screened for siderophore production. After 3 days of growth in a low-iron medium, all strains studied produced hydroxamate siderophores. The retention values of the main siderophore during thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates and on HPLC reversed-phase columns were identical with those of an authentic sample of ferrioxamine E (norcardamine). Gas-chromatographic analysis of the HI hydrolyzate yielded succinic acid and 1,5-diaminopentane in equimolar amounts; fast-atom-bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy showed a molecular mass of 653 Da. Iron from 55Fe-labelled ferrioxamine E was well taken up by iron-starved cells of E. herbicola (Km = 0.1 microM, Vmax = 8 pmol mg-1 min-1). However, besides ferrioxamine E (100%), several exogenous siderophores such as enterobactin (94.5%), ferric citrate (78.5%), coprogen (63.5%) and ferrichrome (17.5%) served as siderophores, suggesting the presence of multiple siderophore receptors in the outer membrane of E. herbicola.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1990

Ferrioxamine transport mutants and the identification of the ferrioxamine receptor protein (FoxA) in Erwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans).

Iron deprivation of Erwinia herbicola (Enterobacter agglomerans) induces the biosynthesis of six high-Mr outer-membrane proteins and large amounts of ferrioxamine E. Mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and selection with ferrimycin A yielded mutants of E. herbicola K4 (wild type), defective in the expression of a 76-kDa outer-membrane protein, as determined by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While in bioassays wild-type cells showed growth promotion in the presence of ferrioxamines (B, D1, D2, E, G), enterobactin, citrate, ferrichrome and coprogen, these mutants failed to respond to ferrioxamines. Moreover, experiments with 55Fe-labelled siderophores confirmed that iron transport mediated by ferrioxamine E and B in the mutants was completely inhibited, whereas iron transport by other hydroxamate siderophores, such as ferrichrome and coprogen was unaffected. The results are evidence that the 76-kDa protein in the outer membrane represents the receptor protein (FoxA) for ferrioxamines in E. herbicola.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗