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Results for “Digestive System Neoplasms”

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PubMed2004

Body fat accumulation and postoperative complications after abdominal surgery.

The contribution of subcutaneous or intra-abdominal fat (SCF, IAF) accumulation to postoperative mortality or morbidity after elective gastric or colorectal cancer surgery was studied. One hundred thirty-nine patients who underwent gastric or colorectal cancer surgery were investigated. Data were collected on the following preoperative comorbid conditions: lung dysfunction, cardiovascular dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or diabetes mellitus (DM). The IAF and SCF areas were determined at the umbilical level by preoperative CT scanning. We investigated whether IAF or SCF was independently associated with postoperative mortality or morbidity. The mortality rate was 0.7 per cent (1/139). Nineteen (14%) of 139 patients had medical complications (pneumonitis or arrhythmia) and 27 (19%) had surgery-related complications (anastomotic leakage, intra-abdominal collections, or abdominal wound infection) postoperatively. Age (> or =70 years), lung dysfunction, cardiovascular dysfunction, and IAF were significantly associated with medical complications, and surgical site (gastric/colorectal), DM, body mass index, IAF, and SCF were significant for surgery-related complications by univariate analysis. Multilogistic regression analysis showed that age, cardiovascular dysfunction, and IAF were significant for medical complications, and surgical site, DM, and SCF were independently related with surgery-related complications. Body fat accumulation is independently associated with postoperative morbidity after gastric or colorectal surgery, and assaying it may be useful for predicting postoperative complications.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Coagulative system activation and fibrinolytic system inhibition activities arise from tumoral draining vein in colon carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: Hypercoagulability and activation/inhibition of the fibrinolytic system have been observed in abdominal cancer surgery. Because surgery itself and also neoplastic diseases are associated with these situations, a method for separating the origin of these two processes was designed. Eighteen patients with colon cancer who underwent a surgical procedure were studied: Immediately before surgery blood was taken from a peripheral vein. During the surgical procedure, before the exclusion of tumoral tissue from general circulation and at the same time of a second peripheral vein blood sample, a blood sample was taken from the main tumoral draining vein. Platelet-poor plasma samples were aliquoted and stored at -72 degrees C, ready for analytical procedures. RESULTS: A moderate activation of the fibrinolytic system during surgery was observed, expressed by elevation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (P<.05) and D-dimer (DD) (P<.05) levels, without changes in fibrinogen (FG), plasminogen (PG) or antiplasmin (AP) levels. There were no modifications in antithrombin III (AT-III) and protein C (PC) levels. In the tumoral draining vein samples, there was a high elevation of levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) (P<.001) and PAI-1 (P<.01), compared with the second sample peripheral vein. There was no difference between peripheral and tumoral vein sample levels of AT-III, PC, FG, DD, PG and AP. CONCLUSIONS: The tumour itself is the origin of hypercoagulability (TAT) and fibrinolytic system inhibition (PAI-1); the surgical procedure elicits an evident though moderate activation of the fibrinolytic system (t-PA and DD elevation).

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Second neoplasm in patients with head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND: The improvement in locoregional control of head and neck carcinomas over the last decades does not appear to modify the final survival of these patients, mainly due to the appearance of distant metastases and second neoplasms. We ran a study to evaluate the incidence of second neoplasms and their characteristics in patients with head and neck carcinoma treated in our hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken to analyze the appearance of second neoplasm, its characteristics, and repercussion on the survival in 1845 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx diagnosed and treated in our department between 1984 and 1995. RESULTS: A group of 302 patients (16%) developed a second neoplasm. The incidence of second neoplasms was 4% per year and was constant during the follow-up period. Second neoplasms were mainly carcinomas located in head and neck (40%), lungs (31%), or esophagus (9%). Twenty percent of second neoplasms were tumors located outside the aerodigestive tract. The appearance of a second neoplasm significantly worsened the survival. CONCLUSIONS: Four percent per year of patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx develop a second neoplasm, most frequently a carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract. This leads to a significant worsening of survival.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

Induction of digestive-tract tumors in F344 rats by continuous oral administration of N-butyl-N-nitrosourea.

Male and female F344/DuCrj rats were administered N-butyl-N-nitrosourea at a concentration of 400 ppm in their drinking water. By the 50th week of the experiment, the cumulative incidence of upper-digestive-tract tumors was as high as 35/39 (90%) and 34/39 (87%) in male and female rats, respectively. Among these, esophageal and forestomach tumors occurred most frequently. Except one female rat with fibroma, upper-digestive-tract neoplasms were of the epithelial type -- papilloma, squamous-cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. In female rats, vaginal tumors were induced in 16 (41%) animals. Ear-duct tumors and hematopoietic neoplasms were also induced in both sexes of rats, with incidence of less than 21%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preoperative nutritional status in geriatric patients with digestive neoplasm].

Between October 1987 and January 1989, a prospective study was performed on the nutritional state of 100 elderly patients aged 65 and over, with digestive neoplasia. We found that 47% were suffering from malnutrition. This was associated to greater postoperative complications and mortality, and prealbumin and weight-loss percentages were the nutritional parameters most often altered, and which showed better correlations to the development of postoperative complications. Based on these two parameters, we prepared a classification system for these patients, dividing them into three surgical risks groups from the nutritional standpoint, which enabled us to select those patients who would most benefit from preoperative nutritional support, and evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in reducing postoperative complications and mortality, by means of a corresponding prospective study.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The promise of gene therapy in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.

Gene therapy consists of the transfer of genetic material to cells to achieve a therapeutic goal. In the field of gastroenterology and hepatology gene therapy has produced considerable expectation as a potential tool in the management of conditions that lack effective therapy including non-resectable neoplasms of the liver, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, chronic viral hepatitis unresponsive to interferon therapy, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Australian cancer mortality from 1950 to 1977: analysis of the national mortality statistics.

Australian cancer mortality from 1950 to 1977 has been analysed for trend. While mortality rates from "all causes" in both sexes are declining, there has been little decline in mortality rates from all malignant neoplasms in women, and an actual increase in male rates. Most notable are the increasing death rates from cancer of the lung, and declining death rates from cancer of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[What is/are the function(s) of trefoil peptides?].

pS2, SP and ITF have been identified in the eighties. These peptides share a consensus proteic domain including 3 disulfide bridges leading to a 3 loop structure and subsequently to their name of trefoil peptides. While they are normally expressed in restricted parts of the gastrointestinal tract, ectopic expression is also observed during gastrointestinal ulcerations and in various carcinomas. To date, from numerous studies performed in vitro and in vivo, their functions in these pathologies begin to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of the nature of biliary stenoses: role of exfoliative cytology by external biliary drainage].

The use of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has allowed the development of new diagnostic examinations, such as biliary exfoliative cytology. This is extremely important in patients with biliary tract strictures, in order to obtain a diagnosis about the real nature of the stricture. Forty-nine patients underwent exfoliative biliary tract cytology from bile samples. Exfoliative cytology was performed on bile samples taken at different times for each patient. The results of our study proved this examination to be highly specific (there were no false positive samples), although the diagnostic sensitivity was not as high (63.9%). It is important to underline that whenever the epithelium of the biliary tract is involved by neoplasm, the result of examination is always positive. These data may be useful to choose an appropriate surgical procedure.

Bile↗
PubMed1995

Expression of prolactin and growth hormone receptor genes and their isoforms in the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution of transcripts for prolactin and growth hormone receptors (PRLR and GHR) and their isoforms was characterized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from several species by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with Southern analysis. Human, rabbit, and fetal and adult rat PRLR and GHR transcripts were detected in isolated gastric glands, gastric cell fractions, and intestinal mucosa lineages. Human PRLR and GHR transcripts were also observed throughout the cancerous progression of the colonic and gastric mucosa from adenomas to colonic liver metastasis and gastrointestinal cancer cell lines at various stages of growth and differentiation. Prolactin (PRL) produced no detectable effect on M1 gastric mucin secretion in HT-29 cells adapted to methotrexate (HT-29-MTX) or on acid secretion in isolated rabbit parietal cells. GHRd3, an isoform of human GHR transcript missing exon 3, was also broadly expressed and was the only form found in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Interestingly, several extra bands of polymerase chain reaction products of the human PRLR, which were smaller than the expected size, were observed not only in the GI tract but also in liver and T-47D breast cancer cells. These products from human intestinal and breast cancer cell lines were subsequently subcloned and sequenced, and we isolated six isoforms of the receptor transcripts. One of these clones encodes a putative human PRL binding protein. The expression of PRL and PRLR transcripts was also clearly observed in intraepithelial lymphocytes purified from the mouse intestine. The widespread expression of the PRL and GH receptor transcripts in gastric and intestinal mucosal lineages, particularly in epithelia, suggests regulatory roles of these hormones on digestive and immune functions, including metabolism, growth, or differentiation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Critical update on the no-touch technique in colonic cancer using the grasping tie].

The time honoured strategy of "no-touch" in the surgery of colon cancer does not stand an anatomical and patho-physiological criticism, also on the basis of some results of the literature. The personal experience of the problem leads to the proposal of an alternative realization of the procedure, that is an up-to-date of the classic method, and is really worth and easy to be overall adopted. The suggestion is to seal bipolarly the colon tract with the tumour by mean of the original grasping tie from the very beginning of the operation, and then to temporarily clamp the mesocolon close to the gut, before going on with the surgical dissection, lymphectomy and exeresis as usual. This procedure is able to completely isolate from the first steps of the operation the affected tract of the colon, so opposing the possible spreading of tumour cells in the portal and in the systemic venous stream during the following surgical manipulations. The rationale of the proposal is that of a more efficacy of the "no-touch" strategy based on strict anatomical and patho-physiological considerations.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Induction of duodenal tumors in F344 rats by continuous oral administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.

Forty male and 40 female inbred F344 rats were given a solution of 400 mg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea/liter in their drinking water. Digestive tract tumors were induced in 32 males (an incidence rate of 80%) and in 28 females (an incidence rate of 70%). Among these digestive tract neoplasms, duodenal tumors occurred most frequently. Most were of the epithelial type, such as adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Tumors in hematopoletic organs were also found in 15 males (38% incidence) and in 17 females (43% incidence).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal function and disease.

In the digestive tract, nitric oxide (NO) is extensively distributed, from the mouth to the anus, not only in mammals but also in lower vertebrates and even in invertebrates. It is involved in splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics, in mucosal protection, in immune mechanisms, in hepatic function, in endocrine secretion and in several other roles. It is also involved in the organization of the peristalsis as an inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmitter and relaxant of the smooth musculature. The abundant literature dealing with NO in hepato-gastro-enterology is reviewed and discussed in a pragmatic approach for the gastroenterologist, with emphasis on the involvement of NO in pathophysiology and in the perspective of future therapeutics.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Granular cell tumor (Abrikossoff tumor) in the digestive and respiratory tracts--two new observations].

Granular cell tumor is one of the rare neoplasms of presumptively neural origin of the alimentary and respiratory tracts. Two new endoscopically and histologically confirmed observations are presented. The radiological appearance (conventional radiography and x-ray computed tomography) is described in detail and compared with the findings published in the literature.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Carcinogenic effect of nitrosomorpholine administered in the drinking water to Syrian golden hamsters.

The long term carcinogenic effect of nitrosomorpholine (NM) was tested in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus W.). Groups of 30 females and 30 males were given 0.010%, 0.005% and 0.001% NM in their drinking water. The animals developed neoplasms in the larynx, and trachea (papillary polyps, papillomas and epidermoid carcinomas) and in the liver (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas). In addition to these, cholangiocellular and endothelial liver tumours were observed. The overall tumour frequency was dose dependent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: Adenosquamous carcinoma is an uncommon, controversial neoplasm. To further comprehend its natural history, the clinical and pathological features of 12 new cases were reviewed and analyzed collectively with those described in the English literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract with adequate follow-up and available microscopic slides and paraffin tissue blocks were identified in the anatomic pathology files of Presbyterian Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center over the period 1983-2001. RESULTS: The 8 men and 4 women ranged in age from 34 to 81 years (mean, 62.8 years). The larynx (5 cases) and the floor of the mouth (4 cases) were the most common sites of origin. Nine patients had cervical lymph nodes positive for carcinoma (8 at diagnosis), 7 experienced local recurrences, and 2 developed distant metastases. Four of 10 (40%) patients with follow-up died of disease. Combining our cases with those in the literature (total of 58 cases) revealed similar findings: 64.7% were associated with positive cervical lymph nodes, 46.7% experienced local recurrences, 23.1% developed distant metastases, and 42.9% died of their disease at a mean follow-up period of 24.7 months. CONCLUSIONS: Adenosquamous carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with a tendency for early lymph node metastasis, frequent local recurrence, occasional distant metastasis, and death from disease, usually within 2-3 years. Surgery with neck dissection is the treatment of choice.

Adult↗