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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed1997

Innovation in nursing education: development of computer-assisted thinking.

In order to enhance students' active thinking, faculty members at International University of Health and Welfare developed the CAT (Computer Assisted Thinking) program. The CAT program is different from CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction), which mainly asks users to choose correct answers. Instead, the CAT program asks users to type in short sentences. There are two functions in the CAT program: one is to keep the students' action log each time they use the program and the other is to serve as medical dictionary. An analysis of the action log revealed that the students demonstrated little skill in inferential thinking. Their observations were very concrete. In order to help the students to develop their abstract thinking skills, we need to review our curriculum.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1997

A computerized record hash coding and linkage procedure to warrant epidemiological follow-up data security.

A computerized record hash coding and linkage procedure is proposed to allow the chaining of medical information within the framework of epidemiological follow-up. Before their extraction, files are rendered anonymous using a one-way hash coding based on the SHA function, in order to respect the legislation on data privacy and security. To avoid dictionary attacks, two keys have been added to SHA coding. Once rendered anonymous, the linkage of patient information can be accomplished by the means of a statistical model, taking into account several identification variables.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality oversight: a modest proposal.

This is the first segment of an excerpted statement on health care quality that Joint Commission President Dennis S. O'Leary, MD, presented before the Senate Labor and Human Resource Committee on May 20, 1997. The second segment of this testimony will appear as the President's Column in the March/April 1997 issue of Perspectives. His testimony commented on the proposed Federal Health Care Quality, Consumer Information and Protection Act that would expand the role of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research to include the review of performance measures, development of risk adjustment methodologies, and creation of data element dictionaries and standardized data collection methodologies.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1998

Data collection in multi-center clinical trials via Internet. A generic system in Java.

Data collection via Internet is usually performed with an HTML/CGI combination, which has a lot of disadvantages, most important the lack of security features. We therefore have developed a system written entirely in Java, which implements a true client/server application based on TCP/IP. The documents are created using a multi-lingual data dictionary, and the used GUI components are able to perform plausibility checks, which improves quality of the data. The system is designed to be easily extensible so that it can be used in almost any kind of clinical trials. It is based on a three-tier model where client requests are handled and monitored by an application server. We will describe this system and it's implementation and compare it to the HTML/CGI approach. Of special interest are security features, which are possible through the use of Java.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1998

Design and application of a terminology management system.

A Swedish data model for handling terminology, Spriterm, is presented in this paper. A prototype terminology management system, using the Spriterm data model in also described. This prototype is implemented is Microsoft ACCESS. Furthermore, two other applications using this prototype as a base are introduced. One World Wide Web based application, and a data dictionary.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Computer-aided documentation and therapy planning in pediatric oncology.

In the past 20 years considerable progress was made in pediatric oncology concerning the results of therapy in Germany. Nationwide multicentre trials provide protocols for the therapy of the children. The calculation of the chemotherapy according to the protocols is rather complex and the documentation efforts for the pediatricians are enormous. Thus, we developed as a first step an application system for Computer Aided Therapy Planning In Pediatric Oncology (CATIPO), that is in routine use in about 20 pediatric clinics in Germany. In order to support the physician comprehensively with the documentation that is necessary for the trials we currently develop a Documentation System for Pediatric Oncology (DOSPO) that comprises the functionality of chemotherapy planning according to the protocols released by the trial centres. Besides supporting the physician in clinical routine the major objective is to improve the quality of the documented data. To reach this aims DOSPO combines research aspects of decision support and clinical documentation: formal representation of general protocols, calculating of a particular therapy for a patient, data acquisition, communication interfaces for transferring the data to the trial centres. In order to support trial centres an authoring system and a central data dictionary will be developed. This will enable the trial centres to develop new modules for trial-specific data acquisition in the clinics.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blindness in painters].

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was the inventory of historical painters who were blind, and the analysis of their attitude in the face of the blindness. METHODS: The population study was extracted from the dictionary of painters by Benezit. The method of the study was ophthalmological, to assess precisely the type and the etiology of the blindness; and psychological and artistic to study the reactions of the painters. RESULTS: Blindness was found among 85 painters. They were 5 cases of transitory blindness; 20 cases of unilateral blindness; and 60 cases of bilateral definitive blindness. The psychological attitudes of the painters were either negative, with depression, and even suicide (5 cases); or positive, with perseverance to paint till to blindness, teaching of the painting after blindness. CONCLUSIONS: The small number of painters with a blindness caused by a precise etiology was disappointing, but the variety of the reactions gave a good account of the attitude of the painters who became blind.

Blindness↗
PubMed1999

Applying the desiderata for controlled medical vocabularies to drug information databases.

Medication history has always been an integral part of the patient's medical record. With the advent of the computerized medical record and the longitudinal clinical data repository, having the medication history has enabled the development of clinical decision support system that alerts for drug to drug interactions and drug allergies. Furthermore, medication data is increasingly being analyzed from a utilization and clinical outcomes standpoint. For these activities to occur, a controlled pharmacy vocabulary akin to a controlled medical vocabulary is essential. Drug information databases are well-established sources of information for pharmacy-related data and products. However, do they measure up as a controlled vocabulary? Recent experience reviewing drug information databases and integrating pharmacy-related information into a data dictionary in real-time clinical use at multiple health care institutions have revealed several challenges and issues. These are discussed according to Cimino's desiderata for controlled medical vocabularies.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1999

A reference terminology for drugs.

GALEN technology for re-usable terminologies using formal classification is being applied to the creation and maintenance of a reference terminology for drugs. GALEN's techniques are being used to address specific deficiencies of existing drug classifications that make it difficult to create and maintain guidelines to support prescribing in the care of patients with chronic diseases. The reference terminology is in two parts; firstly, a re-usable and automatically-classified 'ontology' is built with GALEN technology; this describes generic drugs, their composition in terms of chemicals and chemical classes, their actions, indications and interactions. Secondly, a 'dictionary' of prescribable proprietary products is integrated with this ontology. The result is a drug resource designed to support both the traditional uses of a drug knowledge base (e.g. prescribing and messaging), and the specialized demands of guideline authoring and execution.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1999

WebCIS: large scale deployment of a Web-based clinical information system.

WebCIS is a Web-based clinical information system. It sits atop the existing Columbia University clinical information system architecture, which includes a clinical repository, the Medical Entities Dictionary, an HL7 interface engine, and an Arden Syntax based clinical event monitor. WebCIS security features include authentication with secure tokens, authorization maintained in an LDAP server, SSL encryption, permanent audit logs, and application time outs. WebCIS is currently used by 810 physicians at the Columbia-Presbyterian center of New York Presbyterian Healthcare to review and enter data into the electronic medical record. Current deployment challenges include maintaining adequate database performance despite complex queries, replacing large numbers of computers that cannot run modern Web browsers, and training users that have never logged onto the Web. Although the raised expectations and higher goals have increased deployment costs, the end result is a far more functional, far more available system.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Regeneration of the radial nerve in a dog influenced by electrical stimulation.

The effect of biphasic electric fields on nerve regeneration that follows injury to the left radial nerve of a dog was examined using electromyography (EMG). The left and right radial nerves were crushed with a serrated hemostat and the stimulating electrodes were positioned proximally and distally relative to the site of the injury. The left nerves received rectangular, biphasic current pulses (30 microA, 0.5 Hz) through the lesion for two months. The right radial nerves were treated as controls and regenerated without electrical stimulation. EMG activity was recorded intramuscularly from left and right musculus extensor digitorum (from Medical dictionary) communis (MEDC). Results obtained at the end of the two-month stimulation period showed a significant difference between the EMG activity of the stimulated and the unstimulated MEDC suggesting that the electrical treatment enhanced the nerve regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

MEDLINEplus: building and maintaining the National Library of Medicine's consumer health Web service.

MEDLINEplus is a Web-based consumer health information resource, made available by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). MEDLINEplus has been designed to provide consumers with a well-organized, selective Web site facilitating access to reliable full-text health information. In addition to full-text resources, MEDLINEplus directs consumers to dictionaries, organizations, directories, libraries, and clearinghouses for answers to health questions. For each health topic, MEDLINEplus includes a preformulated MEDLINE search created by librarians. The site has been designed to match consumer language to medical terminology. NLM has used advances in database and Web technologies to build and maintain MEDLINEplus, allowing health sciences librarians to contribute remotely to the resource. This article describes the development and implementation of MEDLINEplus, its supporting technology, and plans for future development.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1999

GIN AUSTRIA. Assuring quality and relevance on Internet-health-informations for patients.

GIN AUSTRIA (Gesundheitsinformationsnetz AUSTRIA) offers patients and consumers reliable medical knowledge about diseases, wellness and disease management in an understandable way and enables them to quick and incessant access to informations about the Austrian health system and Austrian health organizations. To improve the quality of the database and to achieve full customer (patients, citizens) satisfaction a systematic approach for implementing total quality management is also applied. Focusing the attention on understanding and responding to customer needs, systematic and continuous improving of the IS and total involvement of all participants are the three core TQM principles at this project. The second focus of the project is the development and the implementation (prototype) of a medical dictionary or rather medical thesaurus as interface for patients, who are not used to scientific terms and expressions. This interface is based on the controlled vocabulary of the MeSH-Thesaurus (german version).

Austria↗
PubMed2000

Multi-strategy and multi-algorithm cochlear prostheses.

Over the past few years, two generations of cochlear implants have been designed and tested by our group. Since the beginning, our goal was to design a system that is completely transparent to sound processing algorithms and stimulation strategies. The first generation micro-stimulator has eight completely independent channels and the second generation one has sixteen. Each of them is mounted on a thick film hybrid circuit together with necessary interfacing components. The electronic circuits are housed in a hermetically sealed titanium case. They are able to deliver monopolar, bipolar, simultaneous or non-simultaneous stimuli on all of their channels. Their electrodes are addressable with all possible combinations. The eight-channel stimulator has already been successfully implanted on volunteer profoundly deaf patients, validating our concepts and our approaches. The second one is endowed with more flexibility and transparency to stimulation algorithms. It offers extended possibilities and more electrodes combinations. In a second version, this one has also been mounted on a thin film hybrid circuit making its size considerably reduced and allowing implanting it in other sites rather than on the temporal bone. The sound processor supporting these systems communicates with internal parts through an inductive link. It is built around a powerful DSP and can be programmed with more than one algorithm at a time. It has been already programmed with all the known strategies and some original ones such as the technique of vector quantization. The latter uses a dictionary of pre-stored stimulation patterns mapped to sound segments. As for programming the systems, this is accomplished by mean of specific user-friendly application software using a window driven completely graphical interface.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

[Cutaneous drug reactions: diagnosis and etiology].

Drug eruptions are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Their great variety raise many problems and their complete knowledge is actually impossible. A logical approach is to describe the dermatological signs and the associated signs and symptoms. All the drugs taken by the patient and the dates of doses must be referred. Secondly, more informations may be obtained thanks to the dermatologist or a Drug Alert Registry (Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance in France). Bibliographical data varied in quality; the Vidal dictionary is often used, but Internet may be questioned. Imputability methods are well developped in France. In vivo and in vitro methods do not offer sufficient sensibility and specificity.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressing the health information management and information technology agenda.

Developments and policy direction at a national level may seem far removed from the day-to-day practice of health information management. But there are lots of examples of a national approach to many of the initiatives which we now accept as part of our daily work (e.g., casemix funding, ICD-10-AM, the National Health Information Model and the National Health Data Dictionary). Many of these can be attributed to Commonwealth and State and Territory Governments working collaboratively with expert committees to achieve change or establish a program of innovation. More recently, Australian Health Ministers have established the National Health Information Management Advisory Council (NHIMAC) to bring together private and public sector expertise to progress the health information management and information technology agenda nationally.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

[The first names of Tissot (1728-1797)].

In different registers, dictionaries and publications the first names of the famous doctor Tissot are "David", "Auguste" or, absolutely wrong "Simon-André". After the baptismal Register of the village of Grancy, his birth place, his correct first names are Samuel, Auguste, André, David or--shortened--Samuel Auguste.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed2000

[Psychopathologic symptoms from the aspect of psycholinguistics].

The authors stress the importance of differentiated, detailed psychopathologic theory with use of differentiated psychopathological dictionary. With practical use it can not compete with simple scales, inclusion and exclusion criteria, with operational techniques. It has only limited use in research, which must respect scientific principles. But it can bring the scientists nearer to understanding of "what" is psychosis and "what" is neurosis, and so on: so it favours "what" to "how".

Diagnosis, Differential↗