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PubMed1994

Pulp response to a novel adhesive calcium hydroxide based cement.

This study compares pulp responses to 3 formulations of calcium hydroxide, namely: a) An experimental adhesive calcium hydroxide cement containing polyacrylic acid, b) Dycal (L.D> Caulk Co, Milford, Delaware) Batch Nos 176970/176990, c) "Analar" calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile distilled water. After 28 days dentine bridges were present in 77% of teeth capped with the test material, 64% of teeth treated with Dycal and in 62% of teeth capped with calcium hydroxide and water. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed in a number of teeth remote from the bridges. Bacteria were detected in these specimens. Exposed rat molar pulp responses to an experimental adhesive calcium hydroxide cement were similar to to those observed with 2 other calcium hydroxide formulations.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Diagnosis and management of asthma: occupational health nurses' awareness and use of national consensus practice guidelines.

A regional sample of members of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) from Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and the District of Columbia was surveyed prior to the publication of the Expert Panel Report on Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (time 1). The guidelines were disseminated directly to AAOHN members through an article in AAOHN Journal and an annual convention plenary session presentation at which copies of the Report were distributed. They were disseminated indirectly through medical journals and government documents. A follow up survey of AAOHN members' familiarity with and use of the Expert Panel Report was conducted 1 year later (time 2). Of the total eligible sample of 570 persons, 325 (57.0%) responded at time 1. Of these, 232 (71.4%) responded at time 2. One year after publication, 31 (13.4%) of the nurses participating in the time 2 survey were aware of the Report, 16 (6.9%) reported having an available copy of the Report, 31 (13.4%) were familiar with the recommendations in the Report, 17 (7.3%) referred to the guidelines and 34 (14.7%) based care on the guidelines. Multiple direct dissemination strategies of consensus guidelines to improve practice will be necessary if nurses' awareness and use are to be enhanced.

Asthma↗

PubMed1996

Comparative risk of early postoperative pulmonary embolism after cemented total knee versus total hip arthroplasty with low-dose warfarin prophylaxis.

Four hundred thirteen cemented total hip arthroplasties and 852 cemented total knee arthroplasties were evaluated prospectively for postoperative pulmonary embolism. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, age 50 to 75 years old, cemented primary arthroplasty, and prophylaxis with low-dose warfarin (Coumadin, DuPont Pharma, Wilmington, Delaware). All patients underwent a preoperative perfusion scan and postoperative ventilation perfusion scan with all moderate probability scans evaluated with arteriogram. The overall incidence of pulmonary embolism was 3.8% after cemented total hip arthroplasty and 5.6% after cemented total knee arthroplasty. Because of a weight bias, patient age, weight, and gender-matched comparison was performed. Two hundred eighty-two patients from each group were matched with identical age, weight, and gender. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary embolism was 4.3% for total hip arthroplasty and 4.6% for total knee arthroplasty. These results do not support the contention that pulmonary embolism is higher after total hip arthroplasty than after total knee arthroplasty.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antigenic characterization of an Arkansas isolate of infectious bursal disease virus.

The s977 strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was isolated in northwest Arkansas in 1977 from the bursae of young broilers with high maternal antibody titers to the Moulthrop strain of IBDV (BursaVac). The comparison of a plaque-purified isolate of s977 with other IBDV serotype 1 and serotype 2 strains using virus neutralization indicates that s977 is a subtype of serotype 1 vaccine viruses and the MD variant strain of IBDV and has no relatedness to the Delaware Variant A (VarA) virus. In vivo cross-protection studies in specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens showed that an inactivated vaccine using s977 antigen was 2.5 times more protective against challenge with s977 than was an inactivated IBDV Variant E (VarE) vaccine. The vaccination of maternally immune broiler chicks with live s977 did not provide protection against subsequent challenge, indicating that s977 does not have enough antigenic difference to break through maternal immunity. Analysis of denatured viral polypeptides using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that s977 and two reported variant strains, 51 and VarE, share three protein bands, 90 kD (VP1), 40 kD (VP2), and 31 kD (VP3), that were not observed in BursaVac. BursaVac and s977 shared a 74 kD precursor band that was absent or very faint in the VarE and 51 strains. The most unique characteristic of s977 was the relative abundance of a wide, 56-63 kD band that contained two distinct immunoreactive bands when blotted with antiserum to s977. BursaVac contained a 56 kD band that failed to react with s977 antiserum. Analysis of polypeptide bands using laser densitometry indicated the presence of a number of bands between 20 kD and 25 kD in the s977, 51, and VarE preparations but only a 25 kD band in BursaVac. The number of bands decreased with the degree of relatedness to standard vaccine strains. It appears that, antigenically, S977 may hold an intermediate position between the classic virus strains and the more recently reported serotype 1 variants.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

The probability of a marine gastropod being infected by a trematode.

Sentinel snails were employed to determine the likelihood of an estuarine snail becoming infected with a trematode under natural conditions. In summers of 1991 and 1993, Ilyanassa obsoleta (Mollusca: Gastropoda) (n = 1,400) were collected from a saltmarsh in Lewes, Delaware, where parasite prevalence was low, and screened for infections. Putatively uninfected snails were individually marked and released onto the nearby Cape Henlopen sandflat where prevalence of trematodes among native snails is very high (approximately 80%). Most sentinels were free in the field for 1-5 mo and 186 were ultimately recovered. The overall estimate of probability of infection is 1.6%. The snail lives for many years and this low probability of becoming infected indicates that high prevalence of trematodes in this host is brought about not by rapid colonization, but by slow accumulation over time.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

History of infectious bursal disease in the U.S.A.--the first two decades.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) emerged in 1957 as a clinical entity responsible for acute morbidity and mortality in broilers on the Delmarva peninsula. The condition spread rapidly and was recognized throughout the U.S. broiler and commercial egg production areas by 1965. Early attempts to isolate the etiologic agent were impeded by a lack of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs and by deficiencies in viral and serologic techniques. By 1967, the highly infectious nature of the agent was recognized. Reliable methods were developed to isolate the virus in embryonated eggs and to adapt it to tissue culture. The agent was characterized as a virus belonging to a new taxonomic group in 1976. The immunosuppressive property of IBD virus was first recognized in 1970 and was confirmed in structured trials in 1976. An early method of control involved planned infection of chickens. This technique lowered IBD mortality but often resulted in immunosuppression and further dissemination of field virus. A live attenuated vaccine was then developed, based on mild field isolates passaged in SPF eggs. This vaccine was federally licensed as the first of its kind for interstate use in 1968. It remains widely used today in breeders as a primer and in the control of very virulent IBD in many countries. The first two decades following emergence of IBD were characterized by close cooperation among scientists in academia, the biologics industry, and the USDA. By 1976, mortality caused by IBD was effectively controlled by vaccination. However, the more subtle effects of immunosuppression and the tremendous economic impact of the disease were just starting to be appreciated. Recognition of Delaware variants in the mid-1980s and emergence of very virulent forms of the condition in Europe and Asia beginning in 1989 attest to the continuing importance of IBD.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of methods for estimating potential human exposure to ozone: photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring.

Photochemical modeling and ambient monitoring of ground-level ozone concentrations provide two alternative/complementary methods for calculating potential population exposure estimates. A comparative evaluation of these methods was undertaken over a study area comprised of the entire state of New Jersey and neighboring parts of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York. Kriging, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was used for the interpolation of hourly ozone data from 38 air quality monitoring stations operating within the study area, to derive concentration fields for the entire domain. The Urban Airshed Model (UAM-IV), a comprehensive photochemical grid-based model, was then used to calculate the same concentrations from emissions and meteorology inputs. Concentration fields, thus developed, were linked with corresponding population data to calculate potential population exposure estimates to outdoor ozone (Ep.o). The adequacy of kriging as an interpolation technique was evaluated by comparing Ep.o estimates derived via photochemical UAM modeling with those calculated by using concentrations obtained from kriging UAM-calculated values at the locations of the monitoring stations. In general, UAM was found to predict higher Ep.o compared to those derived by kriging observations. In order to test the robustness of the interpolation methodology with respect to assumptions of statistical correlation, two different semivariogram models, spherical and exponential, were used for kriging. Application of the different semivariograms yielded almost identical Ep.o patterns.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1997

Results of the public health response to Pfiesteria workshop -- Atlanta, Georgia, September 29-30, 1997.

On September 29-30, 1997, CDC sponsored a workshop to coordinate a multistate response to public health issues about Pfiesteria piscicida. Workshop attendees included representatives from the health departments of eight states (Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia) and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The current role of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the overall practice of thoracic surgery. A review of 207 cases.

From December 1991 to June 1995, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed on 207 patients at the Medical Center of Delaware with minimal complications and no mortality. A definitive diagnosis was made in all patients. Results with VATS procedures appear to be comparable to those with the standard open technique. Operating time was comparable to that with the open technique. Length of stay and pain and suffering were dramatically reduced compared with the open technique. We now consider VATS to be the preferred procedure in the following conditions: 1. Undiagnosed pulmonary infiltrate in the non-ventilator-dependent patient. 2. Indeterminate pulmonary nodule. 3. Undiagnosed disease of the pleural space. 4. Recurrent or persistent pneumothorax. 5. Mediastinal or pericardial cystic tumors. 6. Thoracic sympathectomy. 7. Selected patients requiring esophagocardiomyotomy. The utilization of VATS for resection of a pulmonary mass in patients with compromised pulmonary status (i.e., FEV < 1) is being studied.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

A net for newborns.

As part of the AHA's Campaign for Coverage, the Delaware Valley Healthcare Council aims to link every baby in the five-county Philadelphia area with its own doctor--regardless of insurance status.

American Hospital Association↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Serotype identification of avian infectious bronchitis virus by RT-PCR of the peplomer (S-1) gene.

The S-1 peplomer gene sequences of 31 strains of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from North America, Europe, and Australia were compared to identify common and unique regions for possible diagnostic applications. S-1 sequences that were conserved among serotypes and sequences that were variable between serotypes were identified. Based on conserved S-1 gene sequences, "general" degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed that amplified IBV genomic RNA by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure regardless of serotype. Primers specific for IBV serotypes Massachusetts, Connecticut, Arkansas, JMK, Delaware (DE/072/92), and California (CA/633/85) were designed from regions of the S-1 gene exhibiting extensive sequence hypervariability. The ability to identify these six serotypes of IBV by RT-PCR was demonstrated by testing the serotype-specific primers on a panel of unknown samples that included 30 reference strains and field isolates previously characterized by virus neutralization (VN). The use of serotype-specific primers in RT-PCR provides a rapid and accurate means of identifying IBV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Paraliga charadrii n. sp. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) from the semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte (Aves: Charadriiformes).

Paraliga charadrii n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus (Charadriidae) collected from the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. The new species is distinguished from the type species Paraliga oophorae (Belopolskaya, 1971) Belopolskaya and Kulachkova, 1973, by having 2 identical rows of rostellar hooks and fewer testes and from the more similar Paraliga celermaturus (Deblock and Rosé, 1962) Bona, 1994, by its shorter and less robust rostellar hooks (18-19 microm vs. 24-26 microm). This is the first record of a species of Paraliga in the New World. Paraliga charadrii n. sp. was present in semipalmated plovers collected on their breeding grounds in Manitoba, on staging grounds in the Bay of Fundy, during southward migration, on wintering grounds in Venezuela, and on spring staging grounds at Delaware Bay, during northward migration, suggesting that transmission is ubiquitous.

Animals↗

PubMed1995