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PubMed1979

[The fine structure of the dental pulp].

Root pulp usually contains more collagen fibrils than coronal pulp. The fibrils consolidate to form fibrinous bundles only to a very slight extent. Involution of the odontoblasts occurs with advancing age. If such involution is absent, an irregular layer of hard substance is deposited on the canal wall. A homogeneous line of adhesive can be seen on the wall at the border with the root pulp. The tissue character of the pulp however is preserved. Perineurium is absent around the nerves in human pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Dose-dependent inhibition of sensory nerve activity in the feline dental pulp by anti-inflammatory drugs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether substances known to antagonize algogenic agents can block an experimentally induced increased sensory nerve activity in the dental pulp of the cat. Increased neural activity following repeated brief head stimulation has been shown to be characteristic of the individual cat and can be utilized for intraindividual comparative studies on such increased activity. When indomethacin, diclofenac sodium or naproxen were given intravenously as a pretreatment prior to stimulation, a consistent blocking effect on expected impulse activity as compared to the impulse activity in the control teeth was produced. Indomethacin produced a dose-dependent inhibition (ID50 0.04--0.2 mg/kg). Diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg) inhibited nerve activity by 51--91% and naproxen (15 mg/kg) by 92--95%. Methylsergide (0.02--0.08 mg/kg) did not show such blocking effect. When the drugs were administered during a state of established increased neural activity no effect on the current impulse activity was obtained. The present results suggest that prostaglandins may be involved in certain stages of heat induced pulp inflammation and act as mediators of increased intradental sensory nerve excitability.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the dental pulp, periodontium and alveolar bone of the rat.

In this study we examined the presence and localization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in the dental pulp, periodontal tissues and alveolar bone of the rat. The presence of NADPH-d activity was also examined in cat pulp. The rat histochemical analysis revealed the presence of prominent NADPH-d activity both in cells of the sub-odontoblastic cell layer and in the odontoblasts, in the root as well as in the coronal pulp regions. In the pulpal horns, odontoblasts often had long processes with a high level of labelling indicating NADPH-d activity extending through the predentin and dentin. Moreover, endothelial cells of pulpal blood vessels were positive for NADPH-d in both species. However, no clearcut examples were found of pulpal nerve fibres positive for NADPH-d in the rat or cat and denervation performed in rats did not alter the enzyme staining patterns. In the periodontal tissue, NADPH-d activity was localized to cells on the alveolar bone surface of the periodontal ligament and, in addition, alveolar bone marrow crypts were filled with intensely labelled cells. In the gingival papillae, NADPH-d activity was observed in the basal cell layer of the epithelium. Endothelial cells of periodontal and gingival blood vessels showing positive staining for NADPH-d were occasionally noted.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase in human dental pulp cells.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the implication of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mediating alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in human dental pulp cells (HPCs). STUDY DESIGN: Nuclear translocation of p38 was observed by immunofluorescence in isolated HPCs treated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). TGF-beta1 was used to examine the interaction between p38 MAPK and Smad pathway. Role of p38 kinase in mediating ALPase activity was determined with SB203580, a specific inhibitor for the p38 pathway. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-beta1 was added to inhibit or increase ALPase activity. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t test. RESULTS: TGF-beta1 induced nuclear translocalization of p38. Blockage of p38 pathway with SB203580 inhibited translocation of Smad2/3 to nuclei. ALPase activity decreased in cells treated with SB203580, in contrast to its vehicle (P < .05). Inhibition on enzyme activity by LPS was exacerbated by SB203580 (P < .05). Treatment with SB203580 before addition of TGF-beta1 also made a significant decrease in ALPase activity (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that p38 MAPK is implicated in regulating ALPase activity in HPCs and may interact with Smad pathway.

Active Transport, Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic activity of deciduous porcine dental pulp in different phases of root development.

The present investigation examined the activities of various enzymes associated with the carbohydrate metabolism in different phases of root development of swine deciduous dental pulps. The data showed that the potential carbohydrate metabolizing capacity of pulpal tissue was greatest in the root forming phase (two months). However, when compared with samples taken from the fully formed root (six months), a higher activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was found in samples taken from the root resorption phase (nine months).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Change in the nociceptive reactions caused by dental pulp stimulation during excitation of the midbrain].

It was demonstrated in chronic experiments on cats that stimulation of certain midbrain regions decreased or fully depressed the pain reaction evoked by dental pulp stimulation. The antinociceptive effect depending on the parameters of the brain stimulation was shown in differential change of the separate motor and vegetative and emotional - behaviour components, forming a general pain reaction. A poststimulation analgesia was revealed and the dynamic of restoration of different pain manifestations after the cessation of brain stimulation was traced. Possible mechanism of the realization of the antinociceptive effect are discussed.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1991

Odontoblast-like cytodifferentiation of human dental pulp cells in vitro in the presence of a calcium hydroxide-containing cement.

The cement produced microcrystals of calcite by reaction with culture medium supplemented with calf serum. Human dental pulp cells seeded on such a substrate preferentially adhered and aggregated around the microcrystals. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling revealed a high affinity of serum fibronectin molecules for the calcite crystals. At 4 weeks in culture, the cells had various features of differentiated odontoblasts, notably nuclear polarization, typical appearance of the Golgi apparatus, synthesis of type I collagen and absence of type III, and apical accumulation of actin and vimentin. These cells also elaborated a collagenous extracellular matrix which did not mineralize.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[A microphysiologic study of thalamic projection of the cat's dental pulp (author's transl)].

(1) A similar proportion of cells in the VPM (24.7%), MGmc (24%), CM (26.8%) and CL (28.6%) is activated by electrical stimulation of the cat's dental pulp. However the thresholds are very different, cells belonging to the first group of the VPM being often activated by stimulation below 0.1 V. (2) Pain seems to be the unique sensation evoked by pulpal stimulation. A first group of cells somatotopically localized in the VPM displays a primary type of response. These cells can also be activated from an oral or perioral field. This fact is reminiscent of referred pain phenomenon often encountered in the clinic. (3) A second group of cells scattered in the VPM and activated by pulpal stimulation displays a non-primary type of response. (4) Strong pinching of the skin activates some MGmc cells tonically. Response characteristics of the MGmc cells after pulpal stimulation are heterogeneojs. (5) CM cells activated by pulpal stimulation display long latency responses whose properties are similar to those obtained after somatic stimulation. However, the latency of responses are shorter after limb stimulation than after pulpal stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The distribution of intermediate filaments, histiocytic antigens and neural crest-related antigens in the adult dental pulp. An immunocytochemical approach].

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten human healthy teeth were extracted for orthodontic or surgical purposes and processed for histological and immunocytochemical examination with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Highly purified antibodies were used to reveal the distribution of intermediate filaments (vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin), histiocytic antigens (alpha-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme), neural and neural-crest-associated antigens (neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin-A, S-100, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilaments) in the adult pulp tissue. RESULTS: Vimentin immunostaining was strongly positive in the network of pulpal fibroblasts. Desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin were present only in the vessel walls. Staining for alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme reveals a number of macrophage-like cells in the central portion of the pulp. Macrophages were the most dominating immunocompetent cells. Negative immunostaining for chromogranin-A demonstrated the absence of neuroendocrine antigens in the adult dental pulp. Immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilaments were positive, with different intensity, in nerve fibres, but no pulp cell was found to be immunoreactive. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is drawn that the lack of labelling of pulp cells by the neural associated antibodies could be due to differentiation processes during tissue development.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Perineural fibrous thickening within the dental pulp in type 1 neurofibromatosis: a case report.

A case of type 1 neurofibromatosis is presented that illustrates oral manifestations and their role in the diagnosis of this condition. The oral lesions may be overlooked in the diagnosis of intraoral swellings. This case documents the finding of perineural fibrous thickening within the dental pulp. Such changes may indicate pulpal involvement in neurofibromatosis and the effect of a genetically transmitted disorder upon the pulp.

Adult↗