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PubMed2006

[Mobility of B.C.T. dental implants inserted by one- and two-phase surgical method--an experimental study].

BACKGROUND/AIM: Achievement of the osseointegration of dental implants is of crucial importance for their long-term survival. One of the factors that influence the osseointegration is a surgical method of implantation. The outcome of osseointegration can be evaluated on the basis of implant mobility in bone. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the mobility of B.C.T. dental titanium implants inserted to experimental animals using an one- and two-phase method. METHODS: The investigation was performed using a split-mouth design on nine dogs, male german shephards, average age of 3.5 years and average weight of 32 kg. Extractions of the third and fourth lower premolars were performed under intravenous (i.v.) anaesthesia with 5% ketamine chloride. Eight weeks after the extractions, the implants, diameter of 4.5 mm each, with four threads 13.7 mm long, were inserted. Eighteen implants were inserted one side of the jaw using a one-phase method, and another 18 implants were inserted contralaterally using a two-phase method. Three months after the implantation, the implant mobility was evaluated. Three measurements were performed with a Periotest device, and average values were calculated. The implant mobility was classified according to the Periotest scale in four groups of Periotest values (PTV) and compared. A total of 36 implants were inserted in 9 experimental dogs. The PTV ranged from -7.666 to + 50. RESULTS: According to the Periotest scale, 14 one-phase implants (78%) were classified into the 0 group of PTV, and 4 one-phase implants (22%) in the 3rd group. Thirteen two-phase implants (72%) were classified in the 0 group, and 5 implants in the 3rd group of Periotest scale. The difference in the average values of PTV between the two methods was 0.879 which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the method of implant insertion had no influence on the implant mobility, i.e. satisfactory osseointegration could be achieved by both methods. Further clinical parameters, as well as pathohistological and histomorphometric ones, have to be evaluated in order to assess better outcome of a particular method.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effective dose and risk assessment from film tomography used for dental implant diagnostics.

There are no data relating complex film tomography with effective dose that may be used to estimate the relative risk associated with dental implant diagnostics. The purpose of this study was to calculate the effective dose and estimate risk from the use of the Scanora multimodal imaging system. With the use of a tissue equivalent human phantom and thermoluminescent dosimetry, panoramic radiography was found to result in an effective dose of 26 microSv, while complex film tomography resulted in an effective dose of < 1 microSv to 30 microSv depending on the anatomical location of the imaging plane and the collimation option. An effective dose of this magnitude for panoramic radiography was estimated to represent a probability for stochastic effects on the order of 1.9 x 10(-6). Similarly, the effective dose associated with film tomography may be estimated to be equal to a probability for stochastic effects in the range of << 1 x 10(-6) to 2.2 x 10(-6).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1999

Determinants of dentists' decisions to initiate dental implant treatment: a judgment analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Do psychosocial patient characteristics influence the decision of a dentist in recommending implant treatment? PURPOSE: This study assessed the importance that dental general practitioners attach to psychosocial patient characteristics when judging the suitability of these patients for dental implant treatment. METHOD AND MATERIAL: The judgment strategy of 30 Dutch dental practitioners was studied by using 2 tasks. Dentists first judged a series of written scenarios representing fictitious patients, each patient being characterized by 4 psychosocial aspects to determine the patients' suitability for implant treatment. The second task involved rank ordering 14 patient characteristics according to their importance in implant treatment decisions. RESULTS: Dentists judged the personal appearance of the patient and, to a lesser degree, the patient's socioeconomic status to influence decisions to treat. However, these characteristics are ranked as quite unimportant in decision making, whereas motivation, oral hygiene, and level of neuroticism were the most important patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The results on the 2 tasks were clearly not in agreement. There was a substantial disagreement between what dentists say to be important characteristics (rank order task) and the characteristics they actually use to judge the suitability for implant treatment (scenario task). Moreover, it appeared that agreement among the dentists is quite low, especially for the scenario task.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Transmission electron microscopic and high voltage electron microscopic observations of the bone and osteocyte activity adjacent to unloaded dental implants placed in dogs.

The purpose of this report is to describe ultrastructural observations of the bone and associated tissues supporting 24 unloaded endosteal dental implants placed in mongrel dogs (canis familiaris). The following 3 specific areas of the supporting tissues were targeted: 1) the osteocyte populations; 2) the mineralized collagen fiber matrix of the bone; and 3) an electron dense interfacial deposit. To investigate these areas, transmission electron microscopy and high voltage electron microscopic (HVEM) protocols were emphasized. HVEM permitted stereologic observations. Further, all observations were obtained from undecalcified tissues obtained from animals with commercially available implants placed into the mandible. From the study we observed a mineralization pattern of the implant supporting bone that was similar to those events occurring naturally within the mandibular bone. Osteocyte morphology was similar whether the osteocytes were found well below the implant interface or close to the interface. Osteocytes within lacunae were routinely found close to the implant interface, often extending cellular processes through canaliculi to the bone-implant interface. At the interface, an electron dense deposit approximately 50 nm in thickness was often observed. In interfacial regions, densely mineralized collagen fibers were observed running primarily parallel to the implant surface. This dense mineralized tissue was separated from the interface by a mineralized, but finely fibrillar matrix of approximately 200 nm in thickness.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anterior esthetic rehabilitation on teeth and dental implants optimized with Procera technology: a case report.

With the latest developments of the Procera system, all-ceramic crowns have become an attractive solution to provide functional and esthetic rehabilitation on teeth and dental implants. The Procera AllCeram crown and Procera Abutment embrace the concept of computer-assisted design and computer-assisted machining (CAD/CAM) and can be used together for optimal esthetic result. The purpose of this case report was to illustrate the advantages of these new components for complex anterior rehabilitation. Three natural teeth and a Procera Abutment were restored using four Procera AllCeram crowns. Treatment planning and esthetic benefits are discussed.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic metal ion levels in dental implant patients.

Metal ion release from metallic implants is known to occur, but its extent and implications are controversial. In spite of the rapidly growing use of such implants, little is known about metal ion release. Blood levels of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique preoperatively and at intervals over a 3-year period for 52 patients (17 men, 35 women), each of whom had three mandibular porous-surface endosseous dental implants. The results showed that there was no evidence of change from preoperative to long-term values for the three metals measured in the study. These findings are reassuring, but do not rule out local or remote accumulation of released ions, which was not measured in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Prosthetic treatment of patients with an extensive posttraumatic maxillary defect with the use of dental implantation method].

Prosthetic care in cases of severe traumatic maxillary injuries remains topical. Alveolar maxillary processes atrophy make prosthetic treatment more difficult due to insufficient fixation and stabilization. At the stage of surgical treatment some corrective operations for a complete recovery of the disturbed functions and anatomic interrelations are made. Maxillary defects are rather variable in the form and size being dependent upon etiological factor, defect topography, terms of prosthetic treatment and time after operative intervention. Introduction of the method of dental implantation solves many problems of the appliance fixation and its adaptation in the place of the defect. A case is reported of rational prosthetic treatment after reconstructive-restorative operation on the upper jaw followed by 5 dental implants installation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Dental implants, regenerative techniques, and periodontal plastic surgery to restore maxillary anterior esthetics.

The field of dental implantology has expanded treatment options available to patients with incomplete dentitions. With the use of regenerative techniques and periodontal plastic surgery procedures, the periodontium and its surrounding tissues can be modified in an attempt to re-create normal function and esthetics. This article describes a combination of surgical procedures, including the placement of endosseous dental implants, guided tissue regeneration, and periodontal plastic surgery, used to restore function and esthetics in the maxillary anterior region.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the Endopore dental implant to restore single teeth in the maxilla: protocol and early results.

This report outlines the experimental, surgical, and prosthodontic protocols for a prospective clinical trial using the Endopore dental implant to replace single maxillary teeth. Twenty patients (10 male, 10 female) ranging in age from 30 to 60 years each received one implant (mean length 10.1 mm), which, after an initial healing period of 4 months, was restored with a single crown. Records collected included radiographs, Periotest mobility measurements, supragingival Plaque Index, and an assessment of peri-implant soft tissue health using pocket probing depths, sulcular bleeding following probing, and probing attachment levels. Radiographs were exposed at predetermined intervals following crown placement (1 and 6 months, and then yearly) in a standardized procedure using a specialized filmholder that attaches to each implant after removal of the crown. At the time of this preliminary report, all of the 20 implants placed had been uncovered and were in function; 16 of the implants had been in function for 6 months or more, 14 had passed 1 year of function, and 3 had passed the 2-year function point. There have been no failures to date.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Aspartate aminotransferase activity in crevicular fluid from dental implants.

BACKGROUND: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme normally confined to the cytoplasm of cells, but released to the extracellular environment upon cell death. Its levels are associated with the severity of experimental gingivitis and the loss of periodontal attachment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and activity levels of AST in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PCF) from healthy and diseased endosseous implants in order to assess if AST in PCF can be further studied as a possible objective diagnostic aid in oral implantology. METHODS: Eighty-one fixtures from 81 systemically healthy subjects were divided into 3 groups, 27 healthy implants (HI), 27 implants with mucositis (MI) and 27 implants affected by peri-implantitis (PI) according to well-defined clinical and radiographic criteria. PCF was collected by the insertion of a #40 standardized endodontic paper point to the base of the crevice or pocket for 30 seconds. AST activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 25 degrees C. The results were expressed as AST Units/ml in PCF. RESULTS: An AST activity was detected in each sample from HI, MI and PI. The mean AST activity in HI was 0.26 +/- 0.16 U/ml; in MI, 0.38 +/- 0.27 U/ml; in PI, 0.62 +/- 0.29 U/ml. ANOVA showed that the difference among HI, MI, and PI was statistically significant at P <0.01 level. Post-hoc tests demonstrated that a significant difference in AST activity existed between HI/PI (t = 5.14; P<0.01) and MI/PI (t = 3.09; P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between HI/MI (t = 1.07; P >0.1) AST activity was significantly (P <0.01) associated with probing depth (r = 0.55), the amount of bone loss (r = 0.60) and bleeding on probing (r = 0.67). When the threshold for a positive AST test was set > or =0.4 U/ml, a sensitivity = 0.81 and a specificity = 0.74 were found in the detection of peri-implantitis; the positive predictive value was 61% and the negative predictive value was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, our results may suggest that PCF analysis could be further investigated in longitudinal studies as a suitable diagnostic strategy in the evaluation of dental implants.

Adult↗