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PubMed1988

Differential binding of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter (COUP) transcription factor to two different promoters.

The COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) transcription factor binds to the upstream promoters of both the chicken ovalbumin and the rat insulin II genes, even though the two binding sites have no obvious sequence similarity (Hwung, Y.-P., Crowe, D. T., Wang, L.-H., Tsai, S. Y., and Tsai, M.-J. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 2070-2077). Comparison of the contact points and important nucleotides in the two binding sites suggests that the COUP transcription factor binds to them in different ways. The purine contacts in the two promoters are limited to one face of the DNA helix; however, studies on phosphate contacts suggest that the COUP transcription factor wraps around the ovalbumin promoter, while it binds to only one face of the DNA helix in the insulin promoter. In addition, the binding factor makes a more extended contact on the insulin promoter as compared to the ovalbumin promoter. The potential significance of this novel finding is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of chronic hip dislocation in adults by recentered total prosthesis. Apropos of 43 cases].

Forty-three total hip prostheses were inserted in 33 adults suffering from a chronic high dislocation of the hip. Ten patients had a bilateral arthroplasty. The authors decided to keep in this series only hips presenting with a very considerable upward displacement of the femoral head of type IV in Crowe, Maini and Ranawat's classification. All the hips were treated in the same way with pre-operative planning using template tracings to anticipate problems of length and choice of implant. The acetabular cup was placed in the old acetabulum with downward displacement of the femur. The results were studied in 39 prostheses with a mean follow-up of five-and-a-half years (two years to nine-and-a-half years). The mean age of the patients was 48 and-a-half years (28 to 76 years). A satisfactory result was obtained in 79.5 per cent of cases. The mean downward displacement of the femur was 4.8 cm. Complications included one death from pulmonary embolus, two phlebitides, two fractures of the femoral shaft and four dislocations. There were nos cases of sepsis or neurological complications. The authors advise the use of custom-made implants, consider the tactical problems relative to the opposite hip. It is concluded that the value of the method often lies in the transformation of the life of these young patients by a "functional miracle", but the operative indications need to be considered carefully, since the procedures are sometimes extensive, often difficult and always require technical skill.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy and skin changes in a case of solitary myeloma].

The case is reported of a 32-year-old woman with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, edema, endocrinopathy, dark skin and solitary myeloma with monoclonal gammopathy of IgG/lambda type. More than 100 cases of this rare disorder have been observed up to now, mainly in Japan. In recent reviews the terms POEMS-syndrome or Crow-Fukase-syndrome have been used. Local radiotherapy of the myeloma led to lasting regression of symptoms. Studies with immunocytochemistry and immunoelectroblotting revealed specific antibody activity against hypophysis, suggesting that the pathologic monoclonal myeloma antibodies may damage the neuroendocrinic centers in hypothalamus and hypophysis as the primary target. Most of the multisystemic symptoms would thus be explained as secondary alterations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical and functional aspects of recovery of mammalian systems from deep sub-zero temperatures.

The viability of isolated mammalian systems is, apart from possible morphological changes, essentially conditioned by the biochemical modifications from normal physiological conditions to an artificial environment where blood supply is interrupted leading to ischaemia and where the temperature is lowered. In order to survive freezing and thawing, mammalian systems have to be protected by cryoprotectants, which apart from some inherent toxicity, may also interact with vital metabolic mechanisms (Conover, 1969, 1975: Fahy, 1986: Fahy et al. 1984: Jacobs & Herschler, 1986: Karow, 1982: Penninckx et al. 198 3: Polge et al. 1949: Rowe et al. 1980: Schlafer, 1981: Taylor & Pignat, 1982). Cellular volume changes as a result of modifications in extra- a and intracellular osmolality occurring during freezing and thawing prove particularly detrimental to the normal functioning of the cellular membranes (Crowe et al. 1983: Farrant, 1980: Farrant et al. 1977b: Karow, 198 2: Mazur & Rigopoulos, 1983: Meryman, 1970: Meryman et al. 1977: Nei, 19 76: Santarius & Giersch, 1983). Furthermore intracellular ice formation enhances structural and metabolic injury to subcellular particles(Farrant et al. 1977a: Fink, 1986: Fishb ein & Griffin, 1976: Fujikawa, 1981: Fuller & De Loecker, 1985: Lazarus et al. 1982: Malinin, 1972: Mazur, 1984: Pavlock et al. 1984:Penninckx et al. 1984: Persidsky & Ellet, 1971: Rubinacci et al. 1986: Shikama, 1965: Steponkus & Wiest, 1979: Strauss & Ingenito, 1980: Takehara & Rowe, 1971: Tamiya et al. 1985). Even with the protection of structural integrity, the preservation of energy production and the maintenance of the specific intracellular medium are essential to secure viability (Pegg, 1981).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ratio and composition of the plasmalogen and diacylated forms of phospholipids in subcellular fractions of the avian brain].

Studies have been made on the specific content of plasmalogen and diacylated forms of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in subcellular fractions (myelin, nuclei, microsomes, mitochondria, synaptosomes) from the brain of pigeons, as well as in the myelin fraction from the brain of the crow Corvus cornix and the hawk Accipiter gentelis. Fatty acid composition and fatty aldehyde composition of these two main phospholipids of the brain were studied in the subcellular fractions obtained. It was shown that plasmalogen forms of phospholipids are localized in birds mainly in the myelin fraction which exhibits the highest plasmalogen concentration as compared to the same fraction of all the vertebrates investigated. With respect to fatty acid and fatty aldehyde composition, as well as to the degree of their unsaturation, myelin plasmalogens from birds are similar to those from other cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. This fact indicates that high relative content of plasmalogens together with their high unsaturation account for normal functional activity of myelin membranes in all vertebrates.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1987

Changes in plasma oxytocin, prostaglandin E1, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha during labor induced by prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha and spontaneous labor.

To observe the changes in endogenous oxytocics during spontaneous and induced labor, the plasma concentrations of oxytocin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during labor in 9 cases of spontaneous labor (group 1), 10 of PGE2-induced labor (group 2), and 7 of PGF2 alpha-induced labor (group 3). Unextracted samples were used for radioimmunoassay of oxytocin. PGE and PGF were extracted and separated for radioimmunoassays of PGE1 and PGFM. Although oxytocin levels in groups 1 and 3 did not change during labor or slightly increased toward delivery, those in group 2 decreased as labor progressed. The mean oxytocin in group 2 was significantly lower at the times of established labor (15.3 +/- 3.2 microU/ml, mean +/- SE) and crowing of the fetal head (10.8 +/- 2.0 microU/ml) than before labor (52.7 +/- 14.8 microU/ml). Plasma PGE1 levels in groups 1 and 3 were low and did not change during labor. Plasma PGFM levels in groups 1 and 2 gradually rose toward delivery. These results suggest that exogenous PGE2 suppresses oxytocin secretion during labor and stimulates endogenous PGF2 alpha production, that endogenous PGE1 may not play an important role in the progress of spontaneous and PGF2 alpha-induced labor, and that endogenous PGF2 alpha may participate in the promotion of all kinds of labor.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1987

A prospective study of intraoperative histologic antrum and corpus boundary in patients undergoing highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer.

The results of the present study demonstrate that, at the level of the proximal branch of Crow's foot of Latarjet, parietal cells are found, and therefore, it must be sectioned when performing highly selective vagotomy. At the level of the distal branch, antral mucosa is found. At the level of the middle branch, in almost one-half of the instances, parietal cells are found, and its section must be evaluated with gastric emptying studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Correlative morphological and cytochemical observations on the nucleoli and nuclear bodies during avian oogenesis.

A correlative morphological and cytochemical study has been made of the nucleoli and nuclear bodies in the growing oocytes of the crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). The nucleoli show morphological and cytochemical changes during oocyte growth, which are described in detail. In young oocytes at diplotene stage, two to six nucleoli, which are attached to condensed diplotene chromosomes, show RNA, lysine-rich histones and some non-histones, the proteins contain S-S and SH groups. In subsequent stages of oocyte growth, the cortex of nucleolus also develops arginine-rich histones whereas the medulla shows lysine-rich histones. The significance of both morphological and cytochemical changes of nucleoli has been discussed in relation to oocyte growth. Seven types of nuclear bodies are described. They are composed of proteins and carbohydrates. Their shape, size and structure vary during different stages of oocyte growth. Finally, their material is transported into the ooplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Population genetics study of the differential fertility in urban populations].

In an urban population with widespread birth control practice the distribution of the number of pregnancies, births and abortions was studied in a cohort of women of completed fertility. The mean number of pregnancies per woman was 4.03 +/- 0.08 (sigma = = 2.98); the mean number of births - 1.12 +/- 0.02 (sigma = 0.77). 7.4% of women which had completed their reproductive performance had no pregnancies and 19.5% - no births. The Crow's Index of the Opportunity for Selection and its components connected with differential fertility and differential mortality were estimated. In the population under study two components of selection - selection at the prenatal stages and selection associated with infertility - are shown to be still significant. Such type of selection is exemplified by investigation of couples suffering from repeated spontaneous abortions.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1985

The effects of mild hypoxia on a logical reasoning task.

In an attempt to replicate the findings of Crow and Kelman (1969) and Denison et al. (1966), which suggest that the performance of novel tasks can be impaired at altitudes below 3,050 m, 150 subjects were divided into five independent groups and their performance tested on a logical reasoning task. One group was tested at ground level in a lecture room; the remaining groups were tested in a decompression chamber, one at 305 m, one at 2,440 m, one at 3,050 m and one at 3,660 m. Significant differences were identified between the 'lecture room' and 'chamber' groups in both speed of work and error rate (p less than 0.05); this finding is interpreted as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A significant difference was found between the group tested at 3660 m and the remaining groups for error rate (p less than 0.05); this finding is interpreted as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A significant difference was found between the group tested at 3660 m and the remaining groups for error rate (p less than 0.05) but not for speed of work. However, no effect of altitude on the way in which the task was learned could be demonstrated.

Altitude↗
PubMed1985

[Adrenergic neuromuscular junctions in the cerebral arteries of birds].

By means of the histochemical and electron microscopical methods, adrenergic innervation of the middle cerebral artery and its branches have been investigated in three sparrows (Passer montanus), blue rock pigeons (Columba livia), hens (Gallus domestica), hazel-grouses (Tetrastes bonasia), large billed crows (Corvus levaillantii), ducks (Anas domestica) and slaty backed gulls (Larus schistisagus). Neuromuscular connections in all the birds investigated have similar organizational features. Some adrenergic effectors are situated 700 nm from the external layer of myocytes in the vascular middle tunic, and they perform the distant transmission. Other effectors are at the distance of 40-80 nm from myocytes, and they are built according to the synaptic type. They produce certain action upon single muscle cells, thus performing local transmission. For the neuromuscular connections of the cerebral vessels in the birds, presence of multiaxonal complexes is specific. Axons of the complex innervate groups of muscle cells and they are at the distance of 50-270 nm from their plasmic membranes. Perhaps, they combine the local and distant means of transmission.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1974

A new avian influenza virus from feral birds in the USSR: recombination in nature?

Six avian influenza A viruses isolated in the USSR were characterized antigenically by using specific antisera to the isolated surface subunits of the known reference strains. Three of the viruses, all isolated from the same region, were characterized as A/duck/Ukraine/63 (Hav7 Neq2), and a virus isolated from a crow was of the Hong Kong/68 (H3 N2) type. The remaining two viruses were novel in that they possessed Hav7 Nav2 antigens, a combination that has not previously been reported. It is suggested that these new influenza viruses might have arisen by recombination in nature between the A/duck/Ukraine/63 (Hav7 Neq2) and A/tern/So. Africa/61 (Hav5 Nav2) strains of avian influenza viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Genetic structure of an isolated group of the indigenous population of northern Siberia, the Nganasans (Tavginians) of Taĭmir].

Demographic data of genetic interest were studied in presently living population in comparison with preseding generations of Nganasans. Decrease of sex ratio in the whole population has been revealed along with the reduction of reproductive and, possibly, effective size. The number and variance of livebirths per female were 7.29 and 9.86 respectively. Crow' index of the opportunity for selection (I) and its components (Im and If) were estimated. I was found to be 1.17, whereas Im and If--1.56 and 0.18 respectively. Linear pattern of settling in the past as well as the type of migration between adjoining subpopulations depended on culture and economy of arctic reindeer hunters as well as landscape character.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1979

Laryngotracheobronchitis--a continuing challenge in child health care.

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) continues to occur in epidemics necessitating many hospital admissions. A short barking cough, stridor with a crowing sound on inspiration, and retractions of the intercostal respiratory muscles are hallmarks of the disease. LTB is most frequently a viral disease causing acute inflammation of the subglottic area, the trachea, and the segmental bronchus. Increasing subglottic edema and generalized fatigue of patients with this disease can cause progression of airway obstruction. Respiratory and cardiac arrest follow unless an immediate airway is established. The management of LTB is primarily medical and consists of moist air, sedation, close observation, and occasionally antibiotics. Patients with respiratory difficulties severe enough to require intubation should undergo direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy to rule out other causes of airway obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Persistence of genes of epidemical influenza viruses in natural populations in the USSR.

Antigenic analogues of all known epidemic human viruses (H1, H2 and H3) have been isolated from natural sources in the USSR. A 5 to 25-year persistence of genes coding haemagglutinins of these viruses in the genome structures of natural populations of viruses have been established. The viruses are more commonly isolated from water birds (ducks, gulls, terns, coots, shelducks, sandpipers), and the circulation of influenza viruses in nature among pigeons, crows, chickens and other birds have been identified. The viruses have been also isolated from bats, whales, squirrels, deer, fishes and lake water. The exchange between the genofond of natural populations of influenza A viruses and epidemic influenza viruses is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Population genetics of the inhabitants of the European northern RSFSR. VI. The dynamics of the genetic load].

The dynamics of the lethal equivalents in two rural populations of Archangelsk regions during the periods from 1930 to 1953 and from 1954 to 1970 was investigated. The outcomes of 1617 pregnancies for 500 couples were analysed. The coefficient of inbreeding varied fo these couples from 0.001 to 0.08. For computing the genetic load, we followed the the methodology suggested by Morton, Crow and Muller in S. Smith's modification. The importance of comprehensive determination of inbreeding coefficient for reliable estimation of the genetic load was demonstrated. By comparing the two groups, it was shown that the coefficient B diminished approximately twice and the B/A ratio increased in both populations also by the factor of two. It is supposed that the diminishing of the number of lethal equivalents can be explained by a decrease in natural selection pressure. It is also supposed, that the segregational load is more sensitive to the decrease in natural selection pressure.'

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of arbovirus antibodies in sera of animals in Sri Lanka.

The sera of cattle, goats, dogs and crows from the Colombo area were tested for antibodies against seven arboviruses of the families Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae by a plaque-reduction neutralization microtest, using Vero cells and a stable line of pig kidney (PS) cells. The overall percentages of positive sera among the mammals were: Bhanja, 92.5%; Calovo (Batai), 30.6%; Sindbis, 13.8%; Langat, 4.8%; Tahyna, 3.9%; West Nile, 1.6%. Among the birds, 23.8% had antibodies to Bhanja virus and 9.5% to Sindbis. No antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus were found. The results show that at least two members of the Bunyaviridae family (Bhanja and Calovo) are highly endemic in Colombo.

Animals↗