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PubMed1986

Splenic irradiation in treating warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.

An elderly man with severe congestive heart failure was noted to have a haemoglobin concentration of 87 g/l and a reticulocyte count of 13%. Direct Coombs test yielded a positive result and the serum contained a moderate amount of warm antibody (IgG class). Steroids were given, but to no avail, and the patient's condition precluded splenectomy. A course of splenic irradiation was therefore tried (midline dose 2000 cGy (rads)), and 60 days later the blood film showed similar appearances to those in patients treated successfully by splenectomy. Haemoglobin concentration subsequently rose to normal. Splenic irradiation may offer a simple treatment for resistant warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia when splenectomy is contraindicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1970

Rifampicin-induced immune thrombocytopenia.

A case is reported in which severe thrombocytopenia occurred during administration and readministration of rifampicin. The patient's erythrocytes gave a positive direct antiglobulin test due to complement on the red cell surface; in the serum, complement-fixing antibodies were detected which were directed against the drug.Immunological studies showed antibodies, of both IgG and IgM type, capable of fixing complement to both normal and the patient's platelets, but only in the presence of rifampicin. In addition the IgM type of antibody (but not the IgG) was capable of fixing complement to normal red cells; again only in the presence of the drug.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1972

Subclinical Brucella infection in man.

Much subclinical infection with Brucella abortus affects the dairy farming community, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinary surgeons. High titres of antibody to B. abortus by the saline agglutination, antihuman globulin, or complement fixation test may be shown in subjects from the first two groups and generally there are no symptoms or signs of brucella infection whatever. Veterinary surgeons are prone to subclinical infection and young practitioners frequently display high titres against the usual tests at the same time apparently enjoying good health. Repeated reinfection of this group, however, may result in hypersensitivity to B. abortus and bouts of ill health at intervals may be due to this. Infection seems to come more often from contact with infected material than by drinking untreated milk, particularly in the herdsman, slaughterhouse worker, and veterinary surgeon. A doctor investigating illness of a patient from the dairy farming community and allied occupations should not accept a high titre against B. abortus as the only clue to diagnosis of the patient's condition.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1968

Seronegative glandular fever.

Seven sporadic cases of ;seronegative glandular fever' have been examined in detail; five of the patients were adults aged more than 30, two were children. None showed evidence of ;incomplete' or heat-labile sheep cell agglutinins, but in three very weak, though otherwise typical, glandular fever agglutinins were detected. Three of the other four showed evidence of certain infections, but these infections probably accounted for no more than a part of each illness. It is suggested that some, and possibly most, sporadic cases of seronegative glandular fever are of the same disease as seropositive cases, the patients' ages influencing the serological response. Certain conditions of known aetiology may, however, be clinically and haematologically indistinguishable from seronegative glandular fever.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Multiple immunological abnormalities in a family.

The family of a woman with multiple autoimmune diseases has been investigated. Clinical evidence of an autoimmune disorder was detected in two relatives, and five others had serological and immunoglobulin abnormalities. It is suggested that there is an inherited predisposition to develop immunological abnormalities, and that a number of associated autoimmune diseases may develop in families in which this occurs.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A screening method for the detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum.

The antiglobulin consumption test of Steffen (1954) has been adapted for the detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum. This screening method takes approximately two hours to complete and sera which give a negative result need no further investigations, whilst positive sera should be fully tested by the conventional Brucella serology technique.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1997

Bone marrow necrosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a relatively rare entity and has been associated with a poor prognosis. It is most commonly found in patients with neoplastic disorders, severe infections and sickle cell anemia. An unusual case of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with extensive bone marrow necrosis is described in a 27 year old woman. The patient presented with severe pancytopenia, some cognitive impairment resulting from a previous cerebrovascular accident, fever, hypertension, dyspnoea, tachycardia, hepatosplenomegaly, and vaginal bleeding. Her laboratory findings included a strongly positive Coombs' test (anti-IgG and anti-C3d), a prothrombin time of 23 seconds and an activated partial thromboplastin time of 45 seconds. Anticardiolipin antibody tests were positive. Antinuclear and anti-DNA antibodies were negative but the anti-SM test was positive. A bone marrow biopsy specimen was reported as showing extensive necrosis. The patient was treated with steroids, transfusion, and plasma exchange with some clinical improvement but her pancytopenia did not respond and necessitated frequent transfusions. This case lends further support to the association between APS and BMN.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bronchial carcinoma presenting as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.

A 68-year-old man presented with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Investigation revealed underlying bronchial carcinoma. A positive direct Coombs' test failed to revert to negative after removal of the primary tumour. This suggested the presence of metastases which was subsequently shown. The possible significance and origin of the autoantibody is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The effect of immaturity of the calf on immunological responses to strain 19 and killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccines.

Thirty brucellosis free calves with zero titres to the serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and antiglobulin test (ABGT) were vaccinated with strain 19 at ages from seven hours to 198 days. Calves 75 days of age and older responded with normal serological patterns, developing high titres to all three tests. At 45 days and younger most calves responded with much reduced titres, some were negative to the SAT and CFT but all develped titres to the ABGT. Two of the younger group were subjected to an anamnestic test at about a year old and gave a positive response, indicating that the calf may be effectively primed with S19 as early as the first day of life. Three of the group were colostrumdeprived yet the patterns of their responses were similar to those of the colostrum-fed calves. Seventy-four zero titres calves were vaccinated with killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccine at ages from 60 to 320 days. Up to 200 days of age only seven of 33 calves gave positive response. From 200 to 280 days 18 of 29 responded and from 280 days of age all calves a positive response. The late development of competence to respond to this adjuvant vaccine is somewhat unusual and is discussed. It is suggested that the rough strain 45/20 may be a very weak antigen in cattle.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

A complement fixation test for antibody to the contagious equine metritis organism.

A complement fixation test (CFT) based on that used for brucellosis (Brinley Morgan and others 1971) has been developed for use on the sera of horses exposed to the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. None of 50 single samples from horses thought to be unexposed to the CEM organism was positive to the test, although five showed inconclusive reactions. Samples were examined from 41 mares either proved to be infected or from an infected stud. Of these 21 were positive, 11 were inconclusive and nine were negative. The relationship of the CFT to reactions in the other tests used in this condition is discussed--the serum agglutination test (SAT) and antiglobulin test (AGT) (Benson and others 1978). Complement fixing antibodies appear to remain for a longer period in the infected animal, and are therefore more likely to be of use in the diagnosis of the chronic carrier state.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

The vaginal mucus agglutination test in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

Of 1140 vaginal mucus agglutination tests (VMAT) on specimens obtained in 1971-72 from 663 dairy cows in seven herds infected with brucellosis, 97 were positive. When the VMAT was positive one or more serological tests were also positive. Of the 97 corresponding serum agglutination tests 80 sera had titres of more than 533 international units. Only 69.8 per cent of VMAT from serologically positive cows were positive. No evidence was found of non-specific agglutinins in vaginal mucus and positive VMAT reactions appeared to be specific for field infection. Three cows showed evidence of local agglutinins in the vagina. Hence herd testing by VMAT has no advantage over tests of blood serum but the test could be an aid in establishing whether individual cattle are infected.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1970

Serology: Quo vadis?

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Abortion, Veterinary↗