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PubMed1996

An overview of acne and its treatment.

The pathophysiology of acne vulgaris results from the interplay of follicular hyperkeratinization, the presence of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in the follicular canal, and sebum production. Several anti-acne agents are currently available that affect one or more of these pathogenic factors and are effective against one or more acne lesion types. The only currently available agent that is directly effective against comedones is tretinoin. Agents effective against inflammatory lesions include tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and topical and systemic antibiotics. Agents effective against nodules and cysts include oral antibiotics and isotretinoin. However, the successful utilization of the available agents and techniques is highly dependent on an accurate and thorough assessment of each patient's needs and concerns, followed by the implementation of an individualized treatment program that has been clearly communicated to the patient. Such a program may employ several different anti-acne agents and adjunctive treatments such as comedo extraction or intralesional injection.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1998

An NMR assignment module implemented in the Gifa NMR processing program.

MOTIVATION: Peptide and protein structures are determined daily using NMR spectroscopy. Assignment of the NMR spectra is an important step within the procedure and is usually the limiting one. Computer-aided assignment tools should be user friendly with open architecture to communicate with other programs involved in the structure determination. RESULTS: Here we present an interactive NMR assignment module which provides numerous graphic tools for the user. The module is composed of a database management system-handling peaks, spins and spin-systems. The assignment information is maintained as a set of interrelated associative arrays, which serve as generic high-level data structures. The module is developed in the macro language embedded in the Gifa NMR processing program (Pons et al. , J. Biomol. NMR, 8 , 445-452, 1996). This provides the user with a consistent interface, a set of sophisticated tools, and an easily extendible and customizable environment. AVAILABILITY: The program is available on request from the authors. The Gifa package can be accessed at: ((http://www.cbs. univ-montp1.fr/GIFA)) CONTACT: Marc-Andre.Delsuc@cbs.univ-montp1.fr

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1993

Training opinion leaders to promote safer sex.

Training opinion leaders in a men's residence hall in a brief program focused on communication and life skills is an effective way to stimulate peer discussions on HIV prevention and risk reduction and appears likely to have positive influences on behavioral change or intention. The program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison was extremely cost-effective and generated more than 350 conversations in a single residence hall in 1 month. This limited intervention revealed several key indicators of risk reduction. We believe that larger, more refined programs over a longer period will produce sustained prevention benefits and changes in the peer norms that so strongly influence behavior.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating the effectiveness of communication skills training: a review of research.

This review considers the effectiveness of communication skills training programs within medical school settings. Several components of training are evaluated: microcounseling, standardized patients, role play, and videotape review. Overall, these interventions have been shown to be effective in improving targeted communication skills (ie, use of open-ended questions). However, outcome data that support the transfer of training to actual patient encounters and subsequent patient outcomes (ie, satisfaction, adherence) are lacking.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Predictors of mother-adolescent discussions about condoms: implications for providers who serve youth.

OBJECTIVE: To examine predictors of mother-adolescent communication about condoms. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 907 mothers of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years in the Bronx, New York; Montgomery, Alabama; and San Juan, Puerto Rico, to determine whether mothers had talked with their adolescent about condoms. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, mother-adolescent communication about condoms was associated with greater knowledge about sexuality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, perception of having enough information to discuss condoms, information from a health-related source, less conservative attitudes about adolescent sexuality, perception that the adolescent was at risk for human immunodeficiency virus, greater ability and comfort in discussing condoms, stronger belief that condoms prevent human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a more favorable endorsement of condoms. In multivariate analyses, mother-adolescent communication about condoms was associated with a less conservative attitude about abstinence until marriage (odds ratio [OR]: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.74), greater skill in communicating about sex (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.20), greater comfort in communicating about sex (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01-1.69), a more favorable endorsement of condoms (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.17-2.78), and the perception that the adolescent's friends were sexually active (OR: 3.53; 95% CI: 1.97-7.16). CONCLUSION: Parents who communicate effectively about sexuality and safer sex behaviors can influence their adolescents' risk-taking behavior. Health care providers, particularly physicians, can facilitate this communication by providing to parents information about the sexual behavior of adolescents, the risks that adolescents encounter, condom use, condom effectiveness, and how to discuss condoms. They also can make referrals to programs that teach communication skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

True patient safety begins at the top. Leaders at one large health system rally around safety, avoid blame game.

Making patient safety the No. 1 priority at a hospital or clinic sounds like a easy task. It isn't. At one Oklahoma health system, an improved patient safety program is a massive effort requiring input and participation from every member of the staff. Figuring out how to convince employees that patient safety is their first priority means developing an extensive communication and education program.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed2005

SGXPro: a parallel workflow engine enabling optimization of program performance and automation of structure determination.

SGXPro consists of four components. (i) A parallel workflow engine that was designed to automatically manage communication between the different processes and build systematic searches of algorithm/program/parameter space to generate the best possible result for a given data set. This is performed by offering the user a palette of programs and techniques commonly used in X-ray structure determination in an environment that lets the user choose programs in a mix-and-match manner, without worrying about inter-program communication and file formats, during the structure-determination process. The current SGXPro program palette includes 3DSCALE, SHELXD, ISAS, SOLVE/RESOLVE, DM, SOLOMON, DMMULTI, BLAST, AMoRe, EPMR, XTALVIEW, ARP/wARP and MAID. (ii) A client/server architecture that allows the user to utilize the best computing facility available. (iii) Plug-in-and-play design, which allows easily integration of new programs into the system. (iv) User-friendly interface.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2001

How a teaching hospital implemented its termination policies for disruptive residents.

The development of Policy Standards for Termination that both protect and support residents while safeguarding sponsoring institutions has become increasingly necessary. To date, however, there has been little in the literature that discusses policies that have undergone thorough testing to the highest levels of the U.S. judicial system. Berkshire Medical Center (BMC), an acute-care community teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Massachusetts Medical School, developed a set of specific policies to cope fairly with the resident dismissal process. The authors describe a nine-year legal test of these policies in the case of a resident whose disruptive behavior required their implementation. Also presented is a summary of due process as it applies in such cases. The dismissed resident tested the policies through the Courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts all the way to the United States Supreme Court, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Massachusetts Department of Industrial Accidents. At every level the termination action was upheld. The resident had previously been in two graduate medical education programs at other institutions, and neither of them had communicated issues of concern that would have forewarned BMC's program about potential problems. A plea for honest and open communication between programs is made. This may help to avoid the lengthy, expensive, and potentially serious consequences of such situations. However, the authors emphasize that when such situations arise, strong policies serve as an ultimate legal protection.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Health communication as a curriculum at United States universities].

This article analyzes the state of development of communications related to health in universities of the United States of America. This specialty is essential for people's well-being, and it involves interpersonal, organizational, and mass communications. In the United States, communications for health promotion is an area of applied communications with social relevance and generally performed in interdisciplinary settings. A number of universities in the United States offer communications master's degree programs with an emphasis on health. However, so far, the only program with a formal graduate degree in health and communications is one jointly offered by the Emerson University Department of Communications and the Tufts School of Medicine. Developing and including this specialization in the schools of communications in Latin America is crucial to improving the quality of life of the peoples of the continent.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telling young children with leukemia their diagnosis: the flower garden as analogy.

A new approach to communicating the diagnosis of leukemia to the young child was carried out in the Pediatric Hematology Department in Monza over a 2-year period (1989 to 1991). Fifty patients ages 6 to 15 years were entered into the program. A physician communicated the diagnosis of leukemia directly to the child without the presence of the parents. A set of 25 slides was prepared. A garden with flowers and weeds was used as an analogy for leukemia. All 50 of the children expressed gratitude for understanding their disease and the families for being able to talk with their children about the disease without panic and stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Strengthening doctor's office/hospital ties.

Relations between the physician's office and the hospital are important to patients, physicians, and to the physician's office staff. Lack of communication, misinformation, and mistakes often can put unnecessary strain on the relationship and can cause conflict between the physician and his staff and the hospital. Several hospitals and their medical staffs have worked to promote good physician's office/hospital relations through programs that improve communications.

Communication↗
PubMed1995

Community level cancer control in a Texas barrio: Part I--Theoretical basis, implementation, and process evaluation.

A theory-based program that used peer modeling and a network of peer communicators to promote breast and cervical cancer screening was designed and implemented in a barrio of San Antonio with a population of approximately 25,000 adult women. The implementation process was evaluated and documented through field notes, archival documents, content analyses, interviews, surveys, etc. Over a 21-month period, a total of 156 new stories and a network for distribution of more than 80,000 print pieces carried messages about positive role models who were receiving Pap smears and mammograms. A group of 85 volunteers were recruited to promote screening; these volunteers reached 2000-3000 women each month with personal contacts in which cancer screening was encouraged. A small group of volunteers offered particularly intensive assistance to their peers, e.g., helping them to make and keep appointments for screening examinations. The theoretical communication model for the program, which maximizes audience and community participation as sources and channels for messages, was well suited for the cross-cultural application presented here.

Adult↗