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Results for “Child Development Disorders, Pervasive”

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PubMed1984

Psychopharmacology in childhood disorders.

Although not explicitly stated elsewhere, it should be clear that medication alone is rarely a sufficient treatment for childhood disorders and should usually be prescribed in conjunction with psychosocial interventions within a biopsychosocial framework. Even when cause is assumed to be largely or wholly biologic, as in infantile autism, there are secondary psychosocial consequences in the child and family that medication does not address. Finally, in the context of careful diagnosis and formulation, the appropriate use of medication is an essential component of effective management.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1994

[Course of childhood psychosis into adult age].

A follow-up study of adult patients having suffered of psychotic disturbances in their childhood, seen in a Occupational Help Center, has lead to distinguish five typical clinical observations and generate some discussion on long-term evolution of childhood psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychopharmacology of disorders in children.

Several features of pediatric pharmacology applied to psychiatry were mentioned throughout this review. The use of medications in young children requires attention to nuances of informed consent because of limited data and many potentially beneficial, possibly safer medications that are not approved for children. Children more rapidly metabolize and eliminate medications. They differ in sensitivity to main effects and side effects of a variety of medications. Therefore, it is important to start low and aim for the lowest effective dose. Ultimate doses may be higher, split and frequent doses may be necessary, and both clinical and laboratory follow-up may need to be more frequent. Finally, childhood onset of psychiatric disorders, similar to pediatric experience with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, frequently confers devastating stress and chronicity. The child's physician shares the frustration of poor treatment response or responses that cannot be sustained in a developing, dependent organism with a more aggressive variant of a disorder and an inevitably longer course. Despite a heartening increase in pediatric psychopharmacology interest and knowledge, much remains to be learned.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Psychoses in children and adolescents: a review.

The differential diagnosis of psychoses in children and adolescents encompasses a wide range of disorders. The interpretation of psychotic symptoms in these patients must consider age, developmental level, symptomatology, and etiology for an appropriate DSM-IV diagnosis. Previous classifications of psychoses provided little information about the underlying processes or possible treatment. Clinical experience suggests that psychotic manifestations in young patients are influenced by developmental stage and that eliciting target symptoms from a young patient necessitates using and understanding the youth's language. Proper patient assessment demands interviews with family and collaborative sources, as well as endocrine, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and toxicologic laboratory evaluations. Treatment involves interventions aimed at all spheres of life. The prognosis and outcome are generally poor in early-onset psychoses and are complicated by comorbidities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A nine-month-old boy with microcephaly, cataracts, intracerebral calcifications and dysmorphic signs: an additional observation of an autosomal recessive congenital infection-like syndrome?

A nine-month-old boy with microcephaly, cataracts, intracerebral calcifications and dysmorphic signs: an additional observation of an autosomal recessive congenital infection-like syndrome?: We present a nine-month-old boy with microcephaly, cataracts, intracerebral calcification, dysmorphic facial signs, and a clinical course resembling a congenital intrauterine infection. The serological screening for connatal infections repeatedly was negative. Patients with congenital infection-like syndrome previously described showed similar clinical features. The recurrence of the disease in sibships suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. We add a possibly new patient with this condition, review the literature, and demonstrate the difficulties in making the diagnosis of an infection-like syndrome in a single patient.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

A case study in communication disorders.

Often, children with language disorders exhibit other more subtle delays or deviance in social, communicative, and cognitive development. By focusing on these three areas, the clinician can understand the developmental context in which the language delay manifests. This approach includes the following: gathering information, psychological and communicative examinations, psychiatric examination, and medical evaluation.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Multiplex developmental disorder.

BACKGROUND: Multiplex developmental disorder is a term that was suggested 20 years ago to describe the onset of developmental deficits in affective modulation, social behavior and social sensitivity combined with thinking disorder with bizarre ideas. With the recent validation of these diagnostic criteria, new interest in this disorder has emerged. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the background and the difficulties in classifying this subgroup of patients. We also describe a representative case of multiplex developmental disorder and discuss the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This article emphasizes the importance of investigating this subgroup of patients and encourages reports of such cases in Israel.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic features of autism.

Autism is a severe form of childhood psychopathology first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. While over the years there has been substantial controversy about many features of the syndrome, there is today some consensus as to the behavioral characteristics associated with the diagnosis. These include onset of the disorder in the early preschool years, severe and pervasive deficits in social behavior and attachments, deficits in speech and language, insistence for the preservation of sameness, unusual responsiveness to the sensory environment, self-stimulation, self-injurious behavior, isolated skill areas, and inappropriate affect. Another associated feature of many cases of autism is mental retardation. The present article describes these behavioral features as well as the application of the diagnosis and differentiation of autism from other disorders including primary mental retardation, childhood schizophrenia, developmental aphasia, and pervasive developmental disorder.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2006

Psychomotor development and psychopathology in childhood.

The sensorimotor developmental phase, leading to a gradual acquisition of skilled actions, is of crucial importance for the young child and its growing sense of competence. Three vital steps in motor development are mentioned: first, the smooth and spontaneous movements of the "graceful and elegant" baby, expression of his well-being and vitality, with their profound effect on the mother-infant relationship; second, the emergence of intentional and goal-oriented acts leading to Funktionslust and playful repetitions; and finally, the development of symbolic acts and increasing technical capacity to use playthings in imaginative play. The psychodynamic significance of the most important motor milestones for the child's ego development is set out. Motility is one of the most important avenues for exercising such functions as mastery, integration, reality testing (self-preservation), and control of impulses. One may consider this early childhood period of rapid motor development as the motor phase of ego and libido development. Hence, many forms of developmental psychopathology are attended with motor impairment or insufficient motor mastery and integration. From that clinical perspective pass in review: perinatal complications and motor disturbance, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dissociated motor development, low birth weight children and their developmental difficulties, developmental coordination disorder, aspects of pervasive developmental disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder.

Child↗
PubMed2005

No association of FOXP2 and PTPRZ1 on 7q31 with autism from the Japanese population.

Autism is a child-onset pervasive developmental disorder, with a significant role of genetic factors in its development. Genome-wide linkage studies have suggested a 7q region as a susceptibility locus for autism. We investigated several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Forkhead Box P2 (FOXP2) and Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase, Receptor-type, Zeta-1 (PTPRZ1) at the 7q region in Japanese patients with autism and healthy controls. No significant difference was observed, after correction for the multiple testing, in allele, genotype or haplotype frequencies of the SNPs of FOXP2 or PTPRZ1 between patients and controls. No evidence was thus obtained for a major role of FOXP2 or PTPRZ1 in the development of autism.

Adolescent↗