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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An in vivo area meter for real-time measurement of cross-sectional area in the cardiovascular system.

A direct real-time recording of the cross-sectional area of the heart valve is useful for the fluid dynamic study of the cardiovascular system. Electronic circuitry is described that is capable of driving the transmitter coil assembly placed outside the animal and detecting an area-related signal induced in the one-turn coil in vivo. When a piece of fine pliable metal thread encircles the area of interest (e.g. the mitral/aortic valve orifice) so as to form a single loop, the electrical potential between the ends of the loop is linearly related to the size of the area irrespective of its shape. The principle of measurement, construction of transmitter coil assembly, and simple but accurate direct calibration are also described.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Uncoupling of the autonomic and cardiovascular systems in acute brain injury.

We hypothesized that acute brain injury results in decreased heart rate (HR) variability and baroreflex sensitivity indicative of uncoupling of the autonomic and cardiovascular systems and that the degree of uncoupling should be proportional to the degree of neurological injury. We used HR and blood pressure (BP) power spectral analysis to measure neuroautonomic regulation of HR and BP and the transfer function magnitude (TF) between BP and HR as a measure of baroreflex modulation of HR. In 24 brain-injured patients [anoxic/ischemic injury (n = 7), multiple trauma (n = 6), head trauma (n = 5), central nervous system infection (n = 4), and intracranial hemorrhage (n = 2)], neurological injury and survival was associated with low-frequency (0.01-0.15 Hz) HR and BP power and TF. Brain-dead patients showed decreased low-frequency HR power [0. 51 +/- 0.36 (SE) vs. 2.54 +/- 0.14 beats/min2, P = 0.03] and TF [0. 61 +/- 0.16 (SE) vs. 1.29 +/- 0.07 beats . min-1 . mmHg-1, P = 0.05] compared with non-brain-dead patients. We conclude that 1) severity of neurological injury and outcome are inversely associated with HR and BP variability and 2) there is direct evidence for cardiovascular and autonomic uncoupling in acute brain injury with complete uncoupling during brain death.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adrenomedullin. A new peptide involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system].

Adrenomedullin was originally discovered in human pheochromocytoma but is now known to be widely distributed in various organs. Adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilatator peptide that exerts major effects on cardiovascular function. Plasma adrenomedullin concentration is increased in patients with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal failure and other diseases. The present review summarizes the recent advances on adrenomedullin research and demonstrates that adrenomedullin is one of the important vasoactive peptides involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed2003

[Pathology of cardiovascular system among hemodialysis patients in Lithuania].

During period of February to July 2002 the data of 602 hemodialysis patients were collected from 20 dialysis centres in Lithuania in order to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. In 34.9 percent of patients ischemic heart disease was diagnosed (myocardial infarction prior to hemodialysis, angina pectoris according to Rose's questionnaire, scar changes in ECG and/or hypokinesis zones in echocardiograms). Men were prevailing among the patients. The largest number of patients with ischaemic heart disease was on dialysis for one year, which proves that the patients start dialysis with the presence of pathology of cardiovascular system. Out of all patients, 45.3 percent were hypertensive. The majority of dialysis patients demonstrated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: about 80 percent hypertrophy of the left heart ventricle, about a half of the patients were smokers, mainly men. Thirty-one percent of patients had overweight, 12.5 percent were obese. A half of the surveyed patients were not examined by means of echocardiography, one third did not undergo radiographic examination of thorax. It demonstrates insufficient attention to cardiovascular pathology as well as breach of the quality requirements for dialysis according to the order No 116 issued by the Ministry of Health March 15, 1999.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The action of vitamin B1 (thiamine) on the cardiovascular system of the cat.

Vitamin B1 administered in a high dose (160 mg/kg) parenterally is known to cause neuromuscular and ganglionic blockade. The effects on the cardiovascular system however have not been sufficiently investigated. In artificially ventilated cats under light ethrane-anesthesia, following parameters were measured continuously before and after B1 administration : Left ventricular pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LV dP/dt max, electrocardiogram, heart rate, central venous pressure, and peripheral blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mean). The data indicate a three-phase reaction after B1 injection : Phase 1--shortly after injection there is a drop of all parameters lasting for 30 sec. The LVEDP showed no change while CVP increased. The drop could not be eliminated by the pretreatment with antihistaminiergic or anticholinergic drug. Sequential stimulation with norepinephrine was able to re-establish base-line values. In Phase 2 (two minutes after injection) all parameters return to their control values ; except CVP which stays elevated. Phase 3 (around the 7th minute after injection) shows a gradual decrease of all parameters; CVP returns to control values. It is suggested that phase 1 represents an immediate alpha-blockade, phase 2 reveals a compensatory reflex mechanism, and phase 3 shows full ganglionic blockade.

Animals↗