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PubMedDate not supplied

A histologic study of adverse effects of different cosmetic skin fillers.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to describe the histologic aspects of the cutaneous and mucosal adverse reactions to fillers used for cosmetic purposes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eleven specimens of adverse reactions caused by Restylane, Artecoll, Metacril, New-Fill, Aquamid, and liquid silicone were processed and stained by hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue and submitted to polarized light. RESULTS: Most of the reactions were foreign-body granulomas. CONCLUSIONS: The type of granuloma and the characteristics of the agent were determined, contributing to the histologic identification of the material used. In the cases involving Restylane and Aquamid, it was possible to identify the material using Alcian blue stain and by the presence of necrosis. This stain was strongly positive in Restylane and faintly positive in Aquamid, and intense necrosis was observed in Aquamid cases. In the other cases the filler material itself was recognized and identified.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1979

Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases.

A staged histological study of skin changes induced in rabbits by daily application of five bases used for topical medicaments and cosmetics, namely glycols, petrolatum, Modulan, Acetulan and Amerchol L 101, over periods of 100 days, is reported. Sections obtained every 10 days were examined for changes in the epithelium, in the character of the dermal infiltrate and in the superficial collagen fibers. Glycols showed no particular effects on the skin; petrolatum produced acanthosis and vacuolization in the epidermis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the dermis but evident collagen changes. Lanolin derivatives produced acanthosis and vacuolization of the epidermis, with lymphomonouclear infiltration of the dermis and with dissociation of collagen; examination around the 30th day showed a tendency to basal layer disorganization by the infiltrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of cosmetic dermatitis.

During 1973-1978, 41 cases of contact dermatitis due to cosmetics were recorded at a skin clinic in Stockholm serving a catchment population of about 250,000 people. Most of the cases were of allergic contact dermatitis and due to eye make-up and antiperspirants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases. II.

A further study of the topical effects of certain pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases on rabbit skin is reported. Cetyl alcohol, myristic acid, castor oil and sorbitol were applied in fixed doses daily for 30 days and their irritant activity was assessed. The macroscopic and microscopic changes were on the whole minimal. Castor oil alone produced some macroscopic alterations in the form of slight erythema and edema, and microscopic changes consisting of acanthosis, disorganization of the basal layer and slight infiltration of the dermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Method for assessment of experimental allergy in guinea pigs adapted to cosmetic ingredients.

2 protocols are presented to predict and assess allergic reactions after application of chemicals or cosmetic products, either raw materials or finished products. The first is an open epidermal induction and challenge, the intensity of the reaction being maximized by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into the foot pad. The second allows detection of weaker allergens and is a quasi-intradermal induction: both the adjuvant and test substance are injected into the foot pad. In both protocols, the challenge consisted of a single topical application in the lumbar region of 10 microliter of test substance and components, allowing study of cross-sensitization, the large surface available permitting 6 different contacts.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Allergic contact dermatitis to copolymers in cosmetics--case report and review of the literature.

Copolymers or heteropolymers are large molecules with high molecular weights (>1000 D). They have been underestimated for a long time as to their sensitizing capacities. Allergic contact dermatitis to 6 copolymers in cosmetics and 1 in a medical dressing has been described; however, the nature of the hapten is still unknown. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/hexadecene copolymer in a purple-colored lipstick and review the literature on allergic contact dermatitis to 7 copolymers: PVP/hexadecene, PVP/eicosene, PVP/1-triacontene, methoxy polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-22/dodecyl glycols, methoxy PEG-17/dodecyl glycols, phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols, and polyvinyl methyl/maleic acid anhydride.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Orofacial granulomas after injection of cosmetic fillers. Histopathologic and clinical study of 11 cases.

BACKGROUND: Purposely, cosmetic injections in orofacial tissues of various resorbable, biodegradable, or permanent fillers may be followed by development of foreign-body granulomas. The aim of this article is to contribute to the histologic identification of the filler material. METHODS: Histologic and clinical features of 11 cases of granulomas on orofacial fillers are described. RESULTS: Only 3/11 patients knew the nature of the injected product. Four histologic patterns were found: (i) Artecoll, (ii) Dermalive, and (iii) New-Fill granuloma, all three of the classic giant cell granuloma type, differing in respect of foreign particles; and (iv) Liquid Silicone granuloma, which featured a cystic and macrophagic type. Information was often missing or misleading, patients or practitioners being reluctant to give the details. CONCLUSION: Increasing demand for orofacial tissue augmentation makes pathologists face new, and sometimes, puzzling granuloma types. Identification of the foreign product might be required for therapeutic or medico-legal reasons.

Acrylates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optical investigations to avoid the disturbing influences of furrows and wrinkles quantifying penetration of drugs and cosmetics into the skin by tape stripping.

Furrows and wrinkles, as typical structures of human skin, represent a reservoir for topically applied substances. This reservoir can influence penetration experiments of topically applied substances into the stratum corneum by tape stripping. Optical methods such as laser-scanning microscopy, optical coherent tomography, and the microscopical investigation of histological sections obtained by biopsies were used to check a special protocol, which avoids these potential disturbances. The use of a transparent adhesive film with high flexibility and the realization of an intense contact to the stretched skin by pressing the tape with a roll, moved laterally on the tape, are the prerequisites to obtain correct data. The application of this experimental technique and the performance of tape stripping allow the determination of the horny layer profile and the local distribution of topically applied substance, undisturbed by the characteristic structure of the natural skin. These results demonstrate that the presented tape stripping procedure is a valuable tool to determine, quantitatively, the penetration and the bioavailability of drugs and cosmetics inside the human stratum corneum, in relation to the horny layer profile.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of rapid NFT and API 20E with conventional methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermentative bacilli from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

The accuracy of the Rapid NFT and the API 20E identification systems was evaluated by comparing them with conventional biochemical methods for the identification of gram-negative, nonfermentative bacilli. The organisms were recovered from preserved, nonsterile pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. A total of 123 test isolates that are commonly encountered in these products were used. By using the criteria of accurate and reliable identification without employing additional tests, Rapid NFT was found to be more accurate after 48 h of incubation than API 20E for characterizing isolates to the species level. Therefore, close agreement between NFT and conventional methods for identification of industrial gram-negative isolates provides evidence that the Rapid NFT system is an improved and rapid method for identifying these organisms to the species level with minimal use of supplementary tests.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1990

Type of closure prevents microbial contamination of cosmetics during consumer use.

The dispensing closure used for containers plays an important role in protecting cosmetics from in-use microbial contamination. This hypothesis was tested by aseptically packing unpreserved shampoo and skin lotion into containers with three different closure types which provided various degrees of protection against consumer and environmental microbial insults. Shampoo was packed in containers with slit-cap (n = 25), flip-cap (n = 25), or screw-cap (n = 28) closures. Skin lotion was packed in containers with pump-top (n = 21), flip-cap (n = 18), or screw-cap (n = 21) closures. The products were then used by volunteers under actual in-use conditions for 3 (shampoo) or 2 (skin lotion) weeks. After use, the products were evaluated for microbial contamination by using standard methods for enumeration and identification. The standard screw-cap closure provided only minimal protection against microbial contamination of both the shampoo (29% contamination incidence) and the skin lotion (71%). The slit-cap closure on the shampoo container and the flip-cap closure on the skin lotion container provided slightly enhanced degrees of protection (21 and 39% contamination incidence, respectively). The greatest amount of protection (i.e., lowest contamination incidence) was provided by the flip-cap closure for the shampoo container (0%) and the pump-top closure for the skin lotion container (10%). As a result, closure type plays an important role in protecting poorly preserved products from in-use microbial contamination.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Is the fluoride concentration limit of 1,500 ppm in cosmetics (EU guideline) still up-to-date?

The 1,500 ppm fluoride (F(-)) concentration limit set up for European cosmetic toothpaste needs to be considered in terms of effectiveness and toxicity. There is clear evidence for a dose-response relationship between F(-) concentration and caries-preventive effect (25-30% caries reduction achieved with a 1,000 ppm F(-) dentifrice). Clinical significance of higher F(-) concentration has not been totally proven. Low F(-) toothpastes (<500 ppm F(-)) have been marketed to reduce F(-) ingestion by young children in order to minimize the risk of dental fluorosis. Their effectiveness is, however, unclear. Fluoride intake and caries risk assessment should be performed by dental professionals and prescription of topical fluoride should be adjusted individually.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences.

Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), based on the estimation of the water vapour gradient in an open chamber, is being used to support claims of cosmetics including product mildness, reduction in irritative skin reactions, skin hydration, skin repair, protective effect against UV damage and others. TEWL measurement can also screen ingredients that have a beneficial effect on the barrier function and offer the possibility to monitor in vivo, on human skin, the effect of topical treatment in an objective and non-invasive way. A high number of variables affecting TEWL measurements have been identified. These should be rigorously taken into consideration. To work under standardised conditions is of the utmost importance to obtain reliable and reproducible results.

Blood-Air Barrier↗
PubMed1988

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in kajal and surma eye cosmetic preparations.

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in Kajal and Surma eye cosmetic preparations. All the preparations showed the presence of the majority of priority PAH in varying levels. The median level of a total 18 identified PAH in kajal was 851.3 micrograms/g. The level of total PAH in black, whitish black and white surma preparations were 243.34, 230.60 and 45.40 micrograms/g respectively.

Asia↗
PubMed2003

Facial skin injuries caused by adhesive tapes in a patient receiving cosmetic skin exfoliants.

A 39-yr-old woman underwent general anesthesia for laparoscopic sterilization. We used adhesive tapes to close her eyelids and to secure the tracheal tube. Removal of the tapes caused patchy areas of skin loss. We later discovered that the patient had fragile facial skin from cosmetics containing skin exfoliants. We recommend taking a detailed drug history before anesthesia and avoiding adhesive tapes to the patient's face under general anesthesia.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis and cosmetic whitening effect of glycosides derived from several phenylpropanoids.

Plant-derived phenylpropanoid compounds (4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2,3-dimethoxyphenol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) were glycosidated to form glycoside compounds. We evaluated the effects of these compounds on the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis and their cytotoxicity from the viewpoint of their use as whitening agents in cosmetics. Some compounds had more potent tyrosinase-inhibiting activity than commercial arbutin, which was used as a control, and showed no cytotoxicity at low concentration ranges.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Reconnaissance assessment of risks for HIV transmission through health care and cosmetic services in India.

Available information shows frequent unsterile medical injections in India, but less is known about other invasive procedures. To assess the variety and frequency of blood exposures in health care and cosmetic services, we interviewed people living with HIV/AIDS in four districts with high HIV prevalence. Eighty percent reported from 1-300 injections in the five years before testing HIV-positive. Common lifetime exposures include dental care (31%), surgery (20%), blood tests (100%), and tattooing (47%). Through observation and interviews with doctors, dentists, and others, we found evidence for common to routine re-use of unsterilized equipment for blood tests (lancets), dental care, tattoos, and surgery. Health-care professionals and the public are misinformed about HIV survival outside the body and underestimate HIV transmission efficiency through blood exposures. The challenge to implement infection control for all invasive procedures remains undefined, while attention focuses on partial solutions, including single use of disposable syringes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗