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PubMed1992

Middle ear development. III: Morphometric changes in the conducting apparatus of the Mongolian gerbil.

Middle-ear structural ontogeny was examined in 12 age groups of Mongolian gerbils between 2 and 42 days after birth. Measurements of tympanic membrane surface area; depth of the tympanic membrane cone; the lengths of the malleus and incus long processes; and stapes footplate, annular space, and oval window areas were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The incus long process matured first at 3.5 days after birth, while the pars flaccida surface area was the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (26 days after birth). The incus long process increased its length by 30% from 0.5 mm to 0.65 mm. The malleus long process, however, demonstrated much more relative growth (47%). Pars tensa area expanded from 6.35 mm2 at two days after birth to its adult size of 16.9 mm2 and the stapes footplate expanded by 50%. The developmental changes observed in middle-ear anatomy are then discussed with regard to their contribution to the functional maturation of both the middle ear and more central auditory function.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Computerized processing of two-dimensional echo-cardiograms: its application for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility and three-dimensional echocardiography].

This study assessed the computerized processing of two-dimensional echocardiograms for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility and for computer reconstruction of the left ventricle; so-called three-dimensional echocardiography. Computer analysis of two-dimensional echocardiograms for quantitative evaluations of the left ventricular regional contractility in myocardial infarction: A new practical method for computer digital image processing of two-dimensional echocardiograms was developed for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility. Short-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle at the levels of the mitral valve (MV), papillary muscles (PM) and the apex (AP) were recorded using a phased array sector scanner in thirty patients with healed myocardial infarction and fifteen normal control subjects. The echocardiographic data were recorded on the video tape and transferred to a minicomputer via interface circuits, digitized, and processed automatically. Each digitized image consisted of 256 X 256 pixels with a gray scale of 256 values. The edges of the endocardial and epicardial walls were detected by applying sequential steps including smoothing, dynamic thresholding, region growing, and filling of small holes. The rationale of edge detection depended on assuming that abrupt changes in gray levels occurred at the boundary, and that the points with maximum gradient values were boundaries of the left ventricular wall. Best-fit contours of endocardial and epicardial edges were drawn by fitting a spline. Besides this automatic edge tracing, endocardial and epicardial edges were also manually traced using a digi-pen system, whose results coincided well with automatic tracings. After detection of edges of endocardial and epicardial walls, the short-axis cross sectional left ventricular wall at each level was divided into eight segments. The geometric center of the end-diastolic left ventricular cavity and the axis connecting this with the posterior end of the right side of the septum was used as the reference point and line (fixed reference system). End-diastolic and end-systolic segmental hemiaxes, segmental area, segmental wall thickness and changes during the cardiac cycle were measured and calculated automatically in each segment using a computer. Regional contractility of the left ventricle was evaluated by percent systolic changes of the segmental hemiaxis, area and wall thickness. These values were significantly reduced in the infarcted left ventricular wall as defined by left ventriculography and coronary angiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Simulated enamel wear during occlusal contact.

PURPOSE: To investigate in vitro rates of wear for human enamel that opposes human enamel by means of two-body and three-body wear tests. METHODS: Flattened surfaces (1000-grit) of molars and hemi-spherically prepared enamel cusps were perpendicularly opposed and loaded (75.6 N, 1.2 Hz) cyclically 100,000 times in both two- and three-body wear test conditions. Wear depths of flat enamel specimens were measured with a profilometer, and those of stylus enamel specimens were determined by a computer digitizing system at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 thousand cycles. Data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA (P < 0.05), and differences between two-body and three-body wear data on flat and stylus enamel specimens were determined by Bonferroni-Dunn test. RESULTS: The amount of wear after 100,000 cycles in the two-body wear test was 175.6 +/- 144.6 microm for flat enamel specimens and 199.3 +/- 72.7 microm for stylus samples. Flat enamel, three-body specimens wore 4.9 +/- 1.4 microm and the stylus samples wore 4.3 +/- 1.0 microm. The data for both flat and stylus enamel specimens subjected to the two-body test were significantly greater than those of the three-body wear test (P < 0.001).

Bite Force↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of topical APF foam and other fluorides on veneer porcelain surfaces.

Some topical fluorides cause surface changes in dental materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a topical acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride (1.23% APF) foam with the effects of other topical fluorides on the surface of veneer porcelain. Forty porcelain specimens (Ceramco) were placed into eight groups (N = 5). Four groups were immersed in either 1.23% APF foam, 1.23% APF gel, 2.0% sodium fluoride (NaF) gel, or water (reference) for 1 min. The other four groups were immersed in one of the above agents for four 1-min immersions. The surface topography of two scanning electron micrographs of each specimen was scored visually by two raters and by computer digital analysis (CDA). Inter-rater reliability was r = 0.67 (intraclass correlation coefficient). There were no significant differences in the mean visual scores or CDA scores among any of the groups immersed for 1 min. Porcelain immersed 4 min in APF gel had significantly greater mean visual scores and CDA scores than the other treatments (P < or = 0.0001; one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range Test). The average surface topography scores of veneer porcelain immersed for 1 min in 1.23% APF gel, 2.0% NaF gel, 1.23% APF foam, or water were not significantly different. Significantly greater surface topography scores occurred following 4 min of immersion in 1.23% APF gel than all other agents.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed1992

An improved method of in vivo wound disruption and measurement.

Biomechanical studies of wound strength are important because of new investigations in growth factors, cytokines, and fetal wounds. We compared two traditional methods of wound disruption measurement with a novel computerized model designed for in vivo experiments. An Instron tensiometer (INSTS) and an air insufflated positive pressure device (AIPPD) were compared with a vacuum-controlled wound chamber device (VCWCD). The VCWCD produced vacuum at the wound site and wound disruption was monitored with two video camera/recorders. Rats were marked with a template guide for a 2.5 cm, full-thickness, abdominal incisional wound. Rats were divided into three groups and studied at 2, 7, or 14 days after wounding. The recorded images were computer digitalized to generate wound strength curves from a three-dimensional model. A comparison of the wound disruption curves demonstrated that the VCWCD was comparable to the INST or AIPPD in normal wound healing (P greater than .40). The VCWCD provided data with less standard error at 2 days after wounding (P less than 05). In separate series of experiments, VCWCD was tested in the early phases of healing and was found to be sensitive to change at intervals of 48 hr after wounding (P less than .005). The INST or AIPPD methods could not perform this task because of an unacceptable level of random error after tissue manipulation. The VCWCD system was considered superior for evaluating early wound healing because it was an in vivo method which required minimal wound manipulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Regression of liver fibrosis in cases of chronic liver disease type C: quantitative evaluation by using computed image analysis.

OBJECT: It was reported that the liver fibrosis is reduced in patients with chronic liver disease type C after eradication of HCV. Degree of fibrosis was expressed by the classical fibrosis scoring system (F0-F4) at present. However a change of subtle reduction of fibrosis cannot be expressed in its fibrosis score and thus we measured an area of fibrosis and compared detailed change of the fibrosis area in paired liver biopsy. METHODS: For quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis, we measured an area of fibrosis using computed digital image analysis and pursued the rate of a fibrosis area for whole biopsied liver tissue of 25 patients with HCV infection (20 complete response patients to IFN therapy who showed viral eradication: CR and 5 non-treated ones with IFN but had conservative therapy: CT). RESULTS: In CR group, fibrosis rate was 7.2 +/- 1.5% before therapy, 2.7 +/- 0.5% after the therapy and they were significantly regressed. In CT group, fibrosis rate was 8.4 +/- 4.3% at the first biopsy, 15.9 +/- 7.7% at the second biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Regression of liver fibrosis could be confirmed in patients with virologic response to IFN even in patients with liver cirrhosis. Our quantitative evaluation provided information superior to that obtained by the classical fibrosis staging score system.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Enhancement of obliterative airway disease in rat tracheal allografts infected with recombinant rat cytomegalovirus.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus infection has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in human lung transplant recipients. This study was designed to assess the influence of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) on the pathogenesis and development of obliterative bronchiolitis in an experimental model of obliterative airway disease, which occurs after allogenic heterotopic tracheal transplantation in rodents. METHODS: Sixty Lewis rats were infected intraperitoneally with 10(7) plaque-forming units of recombinant lac-Z-tagged RCMV expressing the gene for beta-galactosidase. Rats were either infected at the time of surgery (acute infection, n = 30) or 56 days before surgery (chronic infection, n = 30). Tracheae from Brown Norway (allograft) or Lewis (isograft) rats were implanted and wrapped in the greater omentum of infected Lewis rats. RCMV infection was verified in different recipient tissues by in vitro plaque-assays and by direct in situ staining for beta-galactosidase activity. The tracheal grafts were harvested on days 7, 14, and 21 after transplantation and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The peritracheal cellular inflammation was scored visually. The cellular density of the infiltrating cells and the extent of airway obliteration were analyzed by use of computer-digitized morphometry and compared with uninfected allografts as control. RESULTS: Both acute and chronic cytomegalovirus infection produced significantly higher mononuclear cell density values on days 7 and 14 compared with noninfected controls, indicating a more intense immune response in the infected allografts. Tracheal allograft obliteration was also more extensive after acute and, in particular, after chronic cytomegalovirus infection (64% narrowing after 21 days compared with 36% in grafts from noninfected control animals). CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results provide direct evidence that the tracheal grafts were infected with RCMV and that the development of obliterative airway disease was enhanced in the acutely and chronically infected allografts compared with grafts from noninfected control animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Pacific Island Health Care Project: early experiences with a Web-based consultation and referral network.

The Pacific Island Health Care Project (PIHCP) has in the past provided definitive care at the Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) for nearly 3000 patients. To contain costs, increase access, and provide consultative and referral services to physicians in the Pacific Basin, a web-based network was established in 1997. Four sites in the Western Pacific were provided with a desktop computer, digital still and video cameras, flatbed scanners, and printers. Consultations with supporting imagery are submitted to TAMC where the consults are data-based and dynamically posted on a secure web server. TAMC consultants triage and comment on the cases and the educational significance. Unnecessary or inappropriate referrals are returned with instructions for local care. Cases are formatted to allow rapid response, image review, consultant/provider interaction, and peer review. More than 180 consults have been submitted from the island nations electronically (30 September 1998) and initial experience indicates that the Internet can be easily used as an inexpensive store and forward consultation format. There has been an overwhelming enthusiasm for this project by all participants and for the first time since the inception of the PIHCP, funding was available during the entire fiscal year, with tens of thousands of dollars saved.

Female↗

PubMed1995

Experimental fetal tracheal ligation and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a pulmonary vascular morphometric analysis.

The authors have previously shown that fetal tracheal ligation (TL) reverses the pulmonary hypoplasia in experimental diaphragmatic hernia (DH) by accelerating fetal alveolar growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if growth of the accompanying macroscopic and microscopic pulmonary vasculature is also accelerated. Eighteen fetal lambs were divided into three experimental groups: diaphragmatic hernia (DH), DH and simultaneous tracheal ligation (DH/TL), and sham-operated controls (C). Animals were delivered near term, the lungs retrieved, and pulmonary capillary growth (5 to 50 microns in diameter) evaluated by standard morphometric techniques. Capillary ultrastructure was evaluated by electron microscopy. Nine additional fetal lambs of the same gestational age were equally divided into the same three groups and their lungs analyzed by pulmonary arteriography for evaluation of large vessel growth (< 100-microns diameter). Computer digital analysis of angiogram lung slices showed that the total area of large vessels was increased in DH/TL lungs when compared with DH lungs and decreased in DH lungs when compared with C lungs (P = .003); however, the ratio of large vessel area per unit of lung area was similar in all groups. Microscopic morphometry of the capillary bed showed that the total number of capillaries was increased in DH/TL lungs over both DH and C lungs (P = .0001); however, the number of capillaries per alveolus (cap/alv) was similar in all groups. In DH/TL lungs, electron microscopy showed normal capillary wall structure and normal thickness of the capillary-alveolar interface, whereas in DH lungs, capillary structure was abnormal and the capillary-alveolar interface was thickened.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiography↗

PubMed2000

Large skin arteries of the leg and foot in man.

The anatomical method with Computer Digital Image Analysis system served to examine large skin arteries of the crus and the foot in 152 human specimens. Their sources were: 1. popliteal artery (rr. gastrocnemii:medialis--62.89%, lateralis--78.95%), 2. anterior tibial artery (a. peronealis lateralis superior--97.37%, a. peronealis lateralis inferior--62.50%, a. collateralis inferior lateralis--78.95%), 3. posterior tibial artery (r. circumflexus fibulae--75.66%, r. soleus lateralis--48.03%, r. musculi flexoris hallucis longi--84.87%), 4. peroneal artery (r. perforans--86.84%) and 5. medial plantar artery (r. profundus--89.47%). The following ones characterized themselves with the longest course: a. peronealis lateralis superior (112 +/- t21 mm), r. gastrocnemius medialis (93 +/- 11 mm) and r. soleus lateralis (91 +/- 8 mm). The largest flaps supplied successively: r. gastrocnemius medialis (8530 +/- 1125 mm2), a. peronealis lateralis superior (7920 +/- 1227 mm2), r. profundus a. plantaris medialis (7580 +/- 1820 mm2), r. gastrocnemius lateralis (7320 +/- 1320 mm2), r. soleus lateralis (7140 +/- 1630 mm2) and a. collateralis inferior lateralis (6220 +/- 1981 mm2).

Arteries↗

PubMed1997

Migration of gingival fibroblasts on fibronectin and laminin.

The migrational behavior of fibroblasts is critical for the maintenance and healing of the periodontium. The purpose of this study was to determine, in vitro, the differences found in gingival fibroblast migration on the following substrates: fibronectin, laminin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), or plastic. Filter paper strips soaked in solutions of the test molecules were placed in 35 mm culture dishes. Equimolar amounts of the various proteins were allowed to dry onto the plastic in a discrete band. The bands were masked and 5.0 x 10(4) cells seeded. Rat gingival fibroblasts were allowed to attach for 1.5 hours and the protein bands uncovered and incubation continued for 24 hours under standard conditions. Cells were fixed, stained and cell images captured, computer digitized and migrational areas and cell numbers and areas quantified after converting pixels to microm. Cell migration was enhanced on fibronectin substrates. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were found for total area covered (fibronectin, mean = 110.8 mm2 vs. controls: plastic, mean = 28.2 mm2; BSA, mean = 18.2 mm2) and the number of cells migrating as compared to controls (fibronectin, mean = 1184 vs. controls: plastic, mean = 304, BSA, mean = 230). No significant differences in area covered or numbers of cells migrating were found between controls and cells exposed to other substrates. Mean spread area per cell was not statistically significantly different for any of the conditions. Numbers of cells migrating on substrates other than fibronectin were reduced even more when protein synthesis was inhibited using cycloheximide. In this system fibronectin serves as a cue to recruit significantly greater numbers of fibroblasts to migrate for greater distances than the other molecules tested.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Can pretreatment CT predict local control of T2 glottic carcinomas treated with radiation therapy alone?

PURPOSE: To determine whether pretreatment CT can predict local control of T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with radiation therapy alone. METHODS: Pretreatment CT studies were retrospectively evaluated by two head and neck radiologists in 28 patients with T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive radiation therapy. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years. A tumor score was calculated based on the CT findings of tumor involvement of the following areas: the anterior commissure, the contralateral true vocal cord, the arytenoid face, the interarytenoid region, the laryngeal ventricle, the paraglottic space at the true and false vocal cord levels, and the subglottic region. Tumor volumes based on pretreatment CT were measured in each patient using a computer digitizer. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent sample t test, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relationship between tumor volume or tumor score and outcome of the T2 glottic tumors treated with definitive radiation therapy in this series. The overall local control rate was 82%. There were no treatment complications that resulted in loss of laryngeal function. CONCLUSIONS: Like low-volume supraglottic and T3 glottic carcinomas, T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma is likely (82%) to be controlled with definitive radiation therapy. Failure to control the primary tumor is attributable to factors other than volume, which may not be detectable on CT, such as tumor-host biological factors. Pretreatment CT, however, is beneficial for detecting submucosal spread across the ventricle and subglottic extension, which might contraindicate vertical hemilaryngectomy and might not be apparent on endoscopic examination.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Positional changes of the frontoparietal ossification centers in perinatal craniosynostotic rabbits.

It has been suggested that craniosynostosis is caused by abnormally located ossification centers (i.e., bony tubers) in the developing skull prior to suture formation [Mathijssen et al., 1996, 1997]. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in a rabbit model of human familial, nonsyndromic coronal suture (CS) synostosis. Calvariae were taken from 99 New Zealand White rabbit perinates (55 normal controls, 15 with delayed-onset CS synostosis, and 29 with bilateral or unilateral CS synostosis), ranging in age from 23 to 34 days postconception (synostosis occurs at approximately 23 days in this model). Frontoparietal, interfrontal, and interparietal ossification center distances were obtained using a Wild microscope with camera lucida attachment and a 2-D computer digitization technique. Linear regression analysis was used to compare age-related changes in the perinatal ossification centers among groups. Results revealed that frontoparietal ossification center regression line slopes had similar start points (24-day intercepts) with significantly (P < 0.05) diverging slopes over time. Normal and delayed-onset ossification center distance increased more rapidly than in synostosed perinates. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were noted in regression line slopes among groups for interparietal or interfrontal ossification center distances. Results demonstrated that, in synostosed perinates, frontoparietal ossification center location was similar to normals around the time of synostosis and became displaced later. These findings suggest that ossification center (i.e., bony tuber) displacement seen in infants with craniosynostosis is probably a secondary and compensatory, postsynostotic change and not a primary causal factor of synostosis in this rabbit model.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Trigonocephaly in rabbits with familial interfrontal suture synostosis: the multiple effects of premature single-suture fusion.

Previous studies from our laboratory have characterized the craniofacial morphology and growth patterns of an inbred strain of rabbits with autosomal dominant coronal suture synostosis. A number of rabbit perinates from this colony have been collected sporadically over a 5-year period with premature interfrontal suture synostosis. The present study describes the very early onset of craniofacial dysmorphology of these rabbits and compares them to similar-aged normal control rabbits. A total of 40 perinatal New Zealand White rabbits were used in the present study. Twenty-one comprised the sample with interfrontal suture synostosis and ranged in age from 27 to 38 days postconception (term = 31 days) with a mean age of 33.53 days (+/-2.84 days). Nineteen rabbits served as age-matched, normal controls (mean age = 33.05 days +/-2.79 days). Lateral and dorsoventral radiographs were collected from each rabbit. The radiographs were traced, computer digitized, and 12 craniofacial measurements, angles, and indices were obtained. Mean measures were compared using an unpaired Student's t-test. All synostosed rabbits were stillborn or died shortly after birth. Grossly, these rabbits exhibited extreme frontal bossing, trigonocephaly with sagittal keeling, and midfacial shortening. No somatic anomalies were noted. Radiographically, rabbits with interfrontal suture synostosis had significantly (P < 0.05) narrower bifrontal widths, shorter cranial vault lengths, kyphotic cranial base angles, and different cranial vault indices (shapes) compared to controls. Results reveal severe and early pathological and compensatory cranial vault changes associated with premature interfrontal suture synostosis in this rabbit model. The 100% mortality rate noted in this condition may be related to the inheritance of a lethal genetic mutation or to neural compression from reduced intracranial volume. Results are discussed in light of current pathogenic hypotheses for human infants with premature metopic suture synostosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Methacholine challenges in the management of young children.

Methacholine bronchial challenges (MBCs) have been used as an important diagnostic and management tool for physicians who treat children with chronic asthma. Despite this, children less than 5 years of age present significant diagnostic and management questions that can not easily be answered because of their inability to perform standard spirometry, and thus methacholine bronchial challenges. The present study was designed to evaluate with methacholine bronchial challenge small children (between 2 and 6 years of age) with the diagnosis of or a suspected diagnosis of asthma, utilizing a new method of evaluating airflow in small children through sound analysis, Computer Digitized Airway Phonopneumography (CDAP). There were 23 children in the study between the ages of 2 and 6 years with suspected asthma who could not perform pulmonary function tests. A control group consisting of 12 subjects between the ages of 8 and 38 years of age with a history of chronic cough and/or wheezing who could perform pulmonary function tests was also studied. Of the 12 patients over the age of 8 who had MBC, 11 of them had positive challenges with a fall in FEV1 of 19% or greater. The percent change in sound intensity levels from baseline range from 232% to 396% of baseline. There was greater than 200% change in mean intensity levels with a concentration of methacholine that produced a 19% fall in FEV1 in all of the eleven patients. For one individual who had a negative MBC there was only a 16% change in pulmonary function at 25 mg of methacholine with essentially no change in sound intensity level from baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

E- and L-selectin adhesion molecules in musculocutaneous flap reperfusion injury.

Definition of the elements governing leukocyte adhesion to the microvascular endothelium may lead to new forms of treatment for reperfusion injury. The objectives of this study, employing a porcine latissimus dorsi flap reperfusion model, were (1) to characterize the expression of E- and L-selectin adhesion molecules and (2) to test for a possible benefit of E- and L-selectin blockade in the preceding experimental setting. In experiment 1, full-thickness biopsies were collected sequentially over an 8-hour ischemia and subsequent 6-hour reperfusion period. Immunocytochemistry was performed with monoclonal antibody EL-246, an antibody that crossreacts with both E- and L-selectin. In experiment 2, the binding of EL-246 to L-selectin on circulating porcine neutrophils was determined by flow cytometric analysis. In experiment 3, in situ hybridization was performed using complementary RNA probes for detection of endothelial E-selectin mRNA. In experiment 4, bilateral flaps were elevated in six pigs and subjected to 8 hours of arterial ischemia followed by 20 hours of reperfusion. Flaps on each animal were randomly assigned to receive either treatment with a continuous local intraarterial infusion of EL-246 (1 mg per flap) or solvent vehicle. Muscle and skin survivals were assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium and intravenous fluorescein staining techniques, respectively. Computer digitization permitted quantitation of relative tissue survival. In experiment 1, specific immunostaining of microvascular endothelium was achieved using EL-246. Greater-intensity staining was detected in reperfusion than in baseline or ischemic sections. In experiment 2, flow cytometric analysis indicated specific recognition by EL-246 of isolated peripheral porcine neutrophils (> 45 percent staining) as compared with an isotype-matched control antibody (< 3 percent staining). In experiment 3, in situ hybridization studies demonstrated an early ischemic up-regulation and later reperfusion downregulation of E-selectin mRNA during the reperfusion period. In experiment 4, administration of monoclonal antibody EL-246 afforded a significant augmentation in mean percentage survival of muscle (37.6 versus 18.7 percent, p = 0.015) and skin (48.6 versus 29.3 percent, p = 0.046). In conclusion, it was determined that E-selectin is expressed along the microvascular surface and is upregulated and subsequently downregulated during ischemia-reperfusion conditions. The monoclonal antibody EL-246 appears to recognize porcine L-selectin as well as E-selectin. Blockade of E/L-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion significantly reduces musculocutaneous flap reperfusion injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Radioimmunodetection of prostatic cancer: in vivo use of antibody against r-seminoprotein for diagnosis of prostatic cancer.

Forty patients (25 cases of prostatic cancer and 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia) were examined with radioimmunodetection (RAID) using antibody against r-Seminoprotein (r-Sm). The images of malignant tumor sites were revealed from the scan of single photon emission computerized tomography with the tracing of dual radionuclide and computer digital subtraction technique. Of the 25 patients with prostatic cancer tested, twenty-four were demonstrated in RAID with a positive rate of 96%. The ratio of taking in nuclide radioactivity between the tumor tissue and normal tissue (T/N) was 6.9 and the best showing time was the 96th hr from injection of radioactive antibody against r-Sm. The minimum diameter of the tumor detected in RAID was 0.5 cm. All of the 8 cases of metastatic prostatic cancer in pelvic or bone location were detected, with a rate of 100%. Of the 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, only one showed mild positive result. B-ultrasonography and CT showed a positive detective rate of 72.7% and 65%, respectively. Our results have indicated that RAID using 131I-labeled antibody against r-Sm possesses more advantages in specificity, because RAID not only defines the involved sites, but also shows the sites of the original tumors, and the metastatic location as well as the relationship between them.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1990

Irradiation alone for supraglottic larynx carcinoma: can CT findings predict treatment results?

Between January 1982 and December 1986, 54 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were treated for cure with radiation therapy alone; all had a minimum 2-year follow-up. For 31 patients, high-quality pretreatment CT scans were available for review. Scans were retrospectively evaluated by a single radiologist for the percentage of preepiglottic space involvement by tumor, the percentage of paralaryngeal space involvement, and the total tumor volume in cubic centimeters (cc). Volume was measured using a computer digitizer for each CT slice showing tumor. Results showed a significant difference in local control for tumors less than 6 cc versus tumors greater than or equal to 6 cc (15/18 or 83% vs 6/13 or 46%; p = .038). This difference was independent of both T stage and primary site. For T3 lesions, there was a trend toward decreased local control with increasing percentage of preepiglottic space involvement (0-25% = 85% local control; greater than 25% = 60% local control; p = .384); in most cases, however, the amount of preepiglottic space involvement reflected tumor volume (0-25%, 8/12 or 67% of tumors were less than 6 cc; greater than 25%, 7/10 or 70% of tumors were greater than or equal to 6 cc). There was no clear association between degree of paraglottic space involvement and local control. Tumor volume did not correlate with complications of treatment. Because of the limited number of patients in the current study, conclusions should be considered preliminary. However, the data do suggest that pretreatment CT findings, particularly tumor volume, can predict the likelihood of local control with radiation therapy alone for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗