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Intracranial chondrosarcomas have a predilection for the skull base, for which CT and MR imaging findings have been described. We present a rare case of primary chondrosarcoma arising from the falx in a young woman with no history of radiation. The CT, conventional MR imaging, perfusion MR imaging, and digital subtraction angiography findings are described.
After a thorough examination of the literature, two new cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of extraskeletal soft tissues are reported. By means of clinical and pathological survey the distinguishing findings of typical and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, their malignancy and the differences between the skeletal and extraskeletal form are described.
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a phenotypically and genotypically distinct entity with a protracted course. A documented case of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma characterized by a t(9; 17) (q22; q11) translocation with a neuroendocrine and neural differentiation is reported.
Five cases of primary chondrosarcoma, a rare tumor of the lung, are reported. The diagnosis should be made by pathology. Some conditions should be ruled out: 1. tumor from the chest wall, 2. chondrosarcoma of bone discovered after operation, 3. ovarian teratoma found prior to operation, 4. patient with history of hamartoma of the lung, and 5. atypical pathology. Pathologic subtyping is not prognostic. The main cause of death was intralobar spread. It never gives rise to extrathoracic metastasis and should be treated by surgery.
Extraosseous chondrosarcomas are uncommon in the dog, and those originating in the lung are rare. This report presents a 9-year-old Beagle dog with a pulmonary mass which caused depression, fever, tachypnea, cough, and laboratory abnormalities. The mass was composed predominantly of chondroid tissue, and was histologically diagnosed as chondrosarcoma.
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare malignancy accounting for 0.5% of all laryngeal tumors. We report our approach to laryngeal chondrosarcoma and review the recent literature on the subject. Our review supports the previously held opinions about sites of origin, but draws new conclusions about symptoms. In addition, we examine the controversy of conservative surgery vs. total laryngectomy.
Chondrosarcoma of rib origin is rare in Japan. A 51-year-old man came to our hospital with chest pain and coin lesion in the left superior part of the chest X-ray film. It was suspected to be the posterior mediastinal tumor based on CT and MRI. Operation was done to remove the tumor and the histological diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. The tumor measured 2.5 x 2.6 x 2.2 cm arising from the posterior portion of the left third rib. Combined resection of descending aortic adventitia was done. The patient is doing well without symptoms of recurrence 15 months after operation.
Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, the most prevalent primary malignant tumors of the bone, have been demonstrated to be potential target diseases for herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene therapy. However, the utility of this gene therapy form for bone tumor cells has not been studied systematically. In this report we show, with the aid of three osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2, U-2-OS and MG-63) and one chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353) that: i) these tumor cells were permissive for adenovirus- or lentivirus-mediated gene delivery; ii) the cell lines appeared to be good or excellent targets for HSV-TK/GCV gene therapy; and iii) the extent of HSV-TK/GCV cytotoxic effect correlated with the presence of the 'bystander effect' in these cells. Our results also suggest that lentiviruses are potential vectors for bone cancer gene therapy. They transduced all four cell lines with high efficiency and provided HSV-TK expression level that was sufficient for cytotoxicity and bystander effect comparable to that obtained with adenovirus vectors.
A 39-year-old woman who had a left radical nephrectomy for a renal chondrosarcoma presented 18 years later with a large epigastric mass and deep jaundice. The patient was very dyspnoeic and had a feeling of continuous pressure on her chest. Computed tomography arterioportography of the abdomen showed that the mass involved both lobes of the liver. Multiple non-anatomical resections of tumour masses were performed, including a mass arising from the falciform ligament, left lateral segment, and segments VII and VIII. The largest resected mass weighed 2.5kg and had a diameter of 15cm. Histopathology of the hepatic metastasis was similar to the original renal chondrosarcoma. The patient was followed up for 24 months postoperatively and had symptomatic relief. Our case demonstrates the slow-growing nature of this tumour and the usefulness of palliative surgery despite large tumour load.
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) arising from the jugular foramen. EMCs are tumors usually seen in the deep soft tissues of the extremities and are rarely seen within the intracranial cavity. The histological differential diagnosis includes chordoma, conventional chondrosarcoma and chordoid meningioma, among others. A distinguishing feature of EMC is their characteristic reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q22;q12). MATERIAL: A 63-year-old man presented with progressive hearing loss and gait imbalance. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneously enhancing 2.4 cm mass in the cerebellopontine angle. A right far lateral transcondylar skull base approach with gross total removal of the tumor was performed. Intraoperative findings showed that the mass appeared to arise from the glossopharyngeal nerve within the jugular foramen. METHOD: Histology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were performed. RESULTS: Histological and immunohistochemical studies were compatible with the diagnosis of EMC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed disruption of the EWS gene locus at 22q12 and added further support to the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of EMC arising from the jugular foramen, and the diagnosis of EMC can be supported by confirmation of disruption of the EWS gene locus.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are very rare in comparison to the conventional types. They can occur from any location containing mesenchymal cells, but most arise in the lower extremities, leptomeninges and in the orbits. Other sites are very uncommon. We present a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the lateral abdominal wall, and this is the first report of the tumor localized in this region.
A large splenic mass was found during exploratory celiotomy in a 12-year-old Labrador retriever. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The dog was euthanatized 7 wk postoperatively, due to suspected tumor recurrence. Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare in dogs and are associated with a guarded prognosis.
Although all types of tumour and tumour-like conditions have been described to occur in the clavicle, they only contribute to less then 0.5% of all skeletal tumours. The incidence of primary chondrosarcoma of the clavicle is extremely rare. To our knowledge it has not been reported in Malaysia. We would like to highlight the possibility of chondrosarcoma as a differential diagnosis for a clavicular lesion.
The nasal septum is a particularly rare site of origin of a chondrosarcoma. A 55-year-old man presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and anosmia of one year duration. A fragile mass was detected in the left nasal cavity. Computed tomography showed a large hypodense mass with scattered calcifications, eroding both ethmoid sinuses and extending to the left orbit. Following a biopsy, the tumor was resected via a lateral rhinotomy approach. No evidence for recurrent disease was detected during a three-year follow-up period. Although unusual in the nasal septum, chondrosarcoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of calcified intranasal masses.
We report a patient with simultaneous presentation of two histologically grade 2 conventional chondrosarcomas non-derived from pre-existing cartilaginous lesions, in the absence of pulmonary or visceral involvement. One tumour was located at the right proximal femur and the other one at the right scapula. There was no evidence of local recurrence or pulmonary or visceral involvement three years and a half after total scapulectomy and resection of the proximal third of the femur. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with two non-monomelic synchronous chondrosarcomas arising in two previously normal bones of the skeleton. Such cases are often difficult to differentiate from metastatic disease.
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a very rare occurrence in the orbit. A 10-year-old girl presented with right exophthalmos. Computed tomography revealed a round tumor inside the muscular cone of the right orbit. There was a sign of slight calcification inside the tumor. The tumor was surgically removed by the Krönlein-Berke procedure. Histopathological examination showed undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and cartilage tissue. A recurrent tumor was found in the same location 34 months after the surgery, which was removed by frontal approach saving the globe with normal function. Histopathology of the recurrent tumor revealed a slight difference from the primary tumor, showing hemangiopericytoma pattern without cartilage components. Immunohistochemical studies of the primary and recurrent tumors showed their cells to be positive for antifactor VIII and S-100, and negative for myoglobin and monoclonal antibody to muscle actin. Electron microscopically these undifferentiated cells had large nucleus and very scanty cytoplasm, mostly containing glycogen granules. This is probably the first description of a juvenile case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma originating from soft tissue in the orbit.
A case of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is reported. The tumor occurred first in the lower lobe of the right lung of a Japanese female aged 45. Three years after the first operation it metastasized to the upper lobe of the left lung. The tumors were highly cellular and composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and interspersed islands of well-differentiated cartilaginous tissue. Immunohistochemistry failed to detect S-100 and vimentin in the undifferentiated cells. In contrast, Leu-7 and blood coagulation factor XIIIa were positive in these cells. Electron microscopically, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells had narrow cytoplasm with sparsity of organelles, but no intermediate-sized filaments were detected. In the transitional areas between undifferentiated cells and cartilaginous components, thin intracytoplasmic filaments were sometimes observed in the tumor cells. The differentiation toward cartilaginous cells of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells was suggested by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. This is the first case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in the lung with long-term follow-up.
Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone is rare. Only 14 cases have been reported in the literature, to date. We present a case of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone with imaging, surgical, and pathologic correlation, and a review of the literature.