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PubMed2002

[Smallpox, bioterrorism agent].

A CONSIDERABLE RISK: Among the infectious agents that might be used as terrorist weapons, the smallpox virus represents a sufficiently high risk, which is difficult to manage and must be seriously taken into account. FROM A MICROBIOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW: Two viral strains of the smallpox virus, which belong to the Poxviridae and orthopoxvirus-type families, are known. They are associated with various clinical presentations of smallpox, i.e., variola major and variola minor or "alastrim". VARIOLA MAJOR: Five clinical forms of varying prognosis are described. Common smallpox, haemorrhagic smallpox (the most severe form of the disease), mild smallpox (predominantly observed in vaccinated patients), flat-type smallpox (defined by coalescent and slowly progressive lesions) and so-called "sine eruptione" smallpox. VARIOLA MINOR: This form is not as severe as variola major and the mortality rate is lesser. DIAGNOSIS: Smallpox must be systematically evoked on clinical elements and confirmed by electronic microscopy of a sample of liquid from a vesicle or pustule or a scab. The strains can be characterised by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). TREATMENT: It is symptomatic. Early vaccination, within 4 days following exposure to the virus, permits the reduction in mortality by 50%. The only efficient prevention is vaccination prior to any exposure to the virus. In the case of a bioterrorist attack, the United States and most of the EC countries propose to vaccinate only the health professionnals most exposed to the virus and those having contacted identified cases.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2002

Curricular and pedagogic questions raised by recent medical education efforts on bioterrorism.

This article outlines the development of learning materials to educate osteopathic medical students about biological terrorism at the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM). The author then poses two questions that arose from this and concurrent AACOM projects and new technologic developments in medical education, regarding what colleges of osteopathic medicine teach and how they teach it.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2002

Legal preparedness for bioterrorism.

Responding to a terrorist biological weapon attack poses new challenges not only for the public health response community but also to the very construct of public health police powers as we know them today. States are debating the merits of revising and updating these powers in order to ensure an effective and legally appropriate response. This article covers three aspects of the policy debate: the experience in one state from a legislative perspective, a discussion from an academic viewpoint, and one example of the role of enhanced powers from the response perspective.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMed2003

Med school teaches bioterror response.

Subtle, natural course changes are seen as most effective. Students are trained to respond to "all events," not just specific attacks. Efforts are under way to enable benchmarking by other institutions.

Bioterrorism↗