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PubMed2000

Relationship between lifting capacity and anthropometric measures.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective analysis of relationship between lifting capacity and multiple anthropometric variables. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between lifting capacity and anthropometric variables and to model this relationship quantitatively. BACKGROUND: Low-back injuries commonly occur in individuals who perform lifting tasks. Objective data are needed to determine preinjury lifting capacity that, in turn, might be used to guide decisions during rehabilitation of these injuries. METHODS AND MEASURES: We recorded age and sex and measured the following variables for 35 men and 23 women between the ages of 22 and 40: height, weight, percentage of body fat, torso height, pelvic width, pelvic girth, arm length, thigh girth, and calf girth. Variables were selected for the study on the basis of theoretical modeling or previous research regarding the relationship between study variables and lifting capacity. Subjects also were tested to determine their maximum lifting capacity by using a lordotic lumbar spine lifting technique. RESULTS: Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the combination of sex, age, thigh girth, pelvic girth, and percentage body fat was significantly related to maximum lift capacity (multiple R2 = 0.76). The mean absolute difference (+/- SD) between lifted amount predicted by the regression model and the actual amount lifted was 118.6 +/- 86 N (26 +/- 19.3 lb), which corresponded to an average absolute error of 16% (SD = 14%) of the actual weight lifted. CONCLUSION: The results may be useful in estimating 1 aspect of preinjury lifting capacity. Similar studies are needed to model the requirements of frequency of lift, duration of lifting efforts, variety of hand-object coupling, and combined lifting and reaching.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effect of soft lumbar support belt on abdominal oblique muscle activity in nonimpaired adults during squat lifting.

STUDY DESIGN: A counterbalanced repeated measures design. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a soft lumbar support on abdominal oblique muscle electromyography (EMG) during lifting. BACKGROUND: Use of a soft lumbar back support is a common preventive measure to reduce the incidence of back injuries. Because the abdominal oblique muscles stabilize the spine during lifting, wearing this support may alter the activity level of these muscles. METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty nonimpaired subjects (14 women and 6 men, mean age 28.9 +/- 8.1 years) were tested using surface electrodes to record the EMG of the right abdominal oblique muscles during lifting with and without the support. RESULTS: A paired t test revealed a significant decrease in activity of the abdominal oblique muscles during lifting with the support (29.7 +/- 3.13 mV) compared to without it (33.3 +/- 3.05 mV). Of the 20 subjects, the 14 women showed decreased EMG amplitude during the lift with the lumbar support compared to without the support, while 5 of the men showed increased EMG amplitude with the support and 1 man showed no change. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that the soft lumbar support may play some role in the stabilization of the lumbar region during lifting.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2003

Combined anterior-posterior fusion with laterally placed threaded interbody cages and pedicle screws for Scheuermann kyphosis. Case report and review of the literature.

The authors report their preferred method for correcting Scheuermann disease via a combined anterior-posterior approach; their procedure is associated with a lower morbidity rate than the standard approach. Twenty-month followup examination demonstrated excellent maintenance of correction. The results satisfied the requirements to function without restriction in a vigorous military environment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion programs in small worksites: results of a national survey.

PURPOSE: This study documents the prevalence of workplace health promotion activities at small worksites with 15 to 99 employees. DESIGN: A random sample of U.S. worksites stratified by size and industry (n = 3628) was drawn using American Business Lists. MEASURES: Each worksite was surveyed using a computer-assisted telephone interview system to document activities related to health promotion and related programs, worksite policies regarding health and safety, health insurance, and philanthropic activities. SUBJECTS: Participation varied by industry and size, with an overall response rate for eligible worksites of 78% for a total sample of 2680 worksites. DATA ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using SUDAAN statistical software. RESULTS: Approximately 25% of worksites with 15 to 99 employees offered health promotion programs to their employees, compared with 44% of worksites with 100+ employees. As with the larger worksites, the most common programs for worksites with 15 to 99 employees were those related to occupational safety and health, back injury prevention, and CPR. The majority of worksites in both size categories had alcohol, illegal drug, smoking, and occupant protection policies. The majority of both small and large worksites also offered group health insurance to their employees (92% and 98%, respectively), with many of the worksites also extending benefits to family members and dependents (approximately 80% for both business sizes). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that small worksites are providing programs to their employees, with a primary focus on job-related hazards. Small worksites also have formal policies regarding alcohol, drug use, smoking, and seatbelt use and offer health insurance to their employees at a rate only slightly lower than that of large worksites.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe handling of hip replacement patients.

This article aims to promote understanding of the potential causes of dislocation in post-operative hip replacements as well as the dangers of back injury to nurses handling these patients. A questionnaire survey of orthopaedic surgeons revealed where practice could be changed from the traditional 'lift only' procedure in compliance with the new EC safety regulations for manual handling.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Stab wounds to the back/flank in hemodynamically stable patients: evaluation using triple-contrast computed tomography.

Triple-contrast computerized tomography (3CT) has been proposed as a method to detect high-risk injuries in hemodynamically stable patients with stab wounds (SWs) to the back/flank and to successfully triage patients with low-risk scans into a potentially cost-effective treatment algorithm. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with the use of 3CT for diagnostic accuracy of SWs to the back/flank and to evaluate potential decreased length of stay (LOS) in the hospital for patients with low-risk scans and no associated injuries. Seventy-nine hemodynamically stable patients met criteria for inclusion in this review. Fifty-eight 3CTs were performed for initial evaluation, 44 low risk and 14 high risk, and 21 patients underwent mandatory laparotomy. The accuracy of 3CT was found to be 97.9 per cent. The LOS was significantly less in patients who had no associated injuries and a low-risk 3CT (16.5 hours), as compared with all other treatment groups. Hemodynamically stable patients with SWs to the back/flank may be safely triaged using 3CT. Patients with low-risk scans and no associated injuries may be discharged immediately, and those with potential delayed associated injuries should be observed for 6 to 24 hours. This strategy significantly decreases LOS in patients with low incidence of significant injury.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Less pain, more gain.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Endoscopic versus open surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

The impact of CTS is significant as evidenced by the fact that only back injuries result in greater rates of employee absenteeism in the workplace. CTR is now the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the United States. Earlier efforts using open surgical techniques were associated with significant morbidity, which some would argue is greater than that associated with the disease itself. The addition of endoscopy to surgeon's armamentarium offers the promise of decreased morbidity associated with the surgical treatment of CTS. Evidence indicates that when compared with open CTR, endoscopic CTR results in earlier achievement of patient satisfaction and functional outcomes. As a result, it is becoming clear that endoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method of treating CTS.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Career hazards for the dancer.

Most dance injuries are of the overuse variety. Their gradual onset, coupled with the intense competition for professional positions, often results in injuries being ignored and thus seen late in their course. While treatment of the specific injury is of paramount concern, maintenance of the extremes of flexibility, strength, and conditioning necessary to dance professionally is an equally important treatment element.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oh! My aching back!

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Differentiation of active and latent trigger points by thermography.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether two distinct thermographic patterns attributed to myofascial trigger points could distinguish between active and latent trigger points. DESIGN: A retrospective chart survey was undertaken with thermographic data divided into two groups: a) increased thermal emission only over the trigger point and b) over the area of pain referral. The criterion standard used in a blinded comparison was physical examination findings separating active from latent trigger points. SETTING: All cases were drawn from a private practice referral center for thermographic evaluation of neck and low back injuries. PATIENTS: A sample of 65 cases showing physical examination findings of trigger points was chosen from 229 consecutive motor vehicle accident case files. RESULTS: There was moderate agreement between the two methods of differentiating active from latent latent trigger points (Kappa = 0.44) with a specificity of 0.70 and a sensitivity of 0.74. When cases in which spinal segmental dysfunction were eliminated, the agreement increased (Kappa = 0.54) with specificity of 0.82 and sensitivity of 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: Thermography may be a useful tool in distinguishing active from latent trigger points, but the thermal imaging of spinal joint dysfunction may be a compounding factor.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2004

[Tumor of the sacroiliac region].

We present case of a 13 y. girl who has admitted with hard symptoms on our Department after back injury in school. Clinical presentation and complete radiological tests were pointed to inflammatory process of sacroiliac region. Hard general condition has forced us to indicate operative procedure. Diagnosis was established after surgical intervention-incapsulated tumor-lipoma, which has been extirpated without visible inflammatory signs. After this intervention local and general condition were improved-clinically and laboratory. Girl was sent to home as a completely cured patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

General program parameters.

The necessary components of an effective back injury prevention program are discussed. The effectiveness of various teaching methods and teaching levels is addressed and the benefits of this type of program are described.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Loads on the lumbar spine during a work capacity assessment test.

Many clinicians and employers utilise work-related assessment tools for the purposes of identifying whether or not the performance of a specific job exposes an individual to a heightened risk of developing a low back injury. However, research has shown that some of these tools have not been assessed for validity or reliability, and thus may not accurately assess the risk associated with a particular activity. An example of a test employed by some Australian private industries is the Work Capacity Assessment Test, which is a procedure that is commonly used to screen potential employees and evaluate those workers returning to the workplace following injury. This research was designed to simulate the lifting component of the Work Capacity Assessment Test and involved a series of lifts ranging from 2.5 kg to 22.5 kg. Six subjects performed this task, whilst being assessed using two-dimensional videography and surface electromyography. The two-dimensional kinematic data were input into the 4D WATBAK software to quantify the compression forces acting between L4 and L5 during each performance. Results of this study showed that spinal compression and paraspinal muscle activity increased incrementally from the 2.5 kg lift to the 22.5 kg lift, whilst abdominal muscle activity also increased across the lifts. This study demonstrated that lifting masses of 22.5 kg or more can produce loads on the spine that are considered potentially hazardous, when compared to safe lifting guidelines, and indicated that there is a clear concern for the use of such lifting tasks in the evaluation of workers following injury.

Adult↗