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Results for “BODY FLUID BALANCE”

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PubMed1993

Transcapillary fluid responses to lower body negative pressure.

The effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on transcapillary fluid balance is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to assess leg interstitial fluid pressures (IFP), leg circumference, plasma volume (PV), and net whole body transcapillary fluid transport (TFT) during and after supine LBNP and to evaluate the addition of oral saline ingestion on transcapillary exchange. Six healthy men 23-41 yr old underwent 4 h of 30 mmHg LBNP, followed by 50 min of supine recovery on two separate occasions, once with and once without ingestion of 1 liter of isotonic saline. IFP was measured continuously in subcutis as well as superficial and deep regions of the tibialis anterior muscle by slit catheters. TFT was calculated by subtracting urine production and calculated insensible fluid loss from changes in PV. During exposure to LBNP, IFP decreased in parallel with chamber pressure, foot venous pressure did not change, leg circumference increased by 3 +/- 0.35% (SE) (P < 0.05), and PV decreased by 14 +/- 2.3%. IFP returned to near control levels after LBNP. At the end of minute 50 of recovery, PV remained decreased (by 7.5 +/- 5.2%) and leg circumference remained elevated (by 1 +/- 0.37%). LBNP alone produced significant movement of fluid into the lower body but no net TFT (-7 +/- 12 ml/h). During LBNP with saline ingestion, 72 +/- 4% of the ingested fluid volume filtered out of the vascular space (TFT = 145 +/- 10 ml/h), and PV decreased by 6 +/- 3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impact of oedema on recovery after major abdominal surgery and potential value of multifrequency bioimpedance measurements.

BACKGROUND: The consequences of generalized oedema following major abdominal surgery are under-recognized, and its causes are poorly understood. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (21 men and 17 women) were observed for the occurrence of oedema after major abdominal surgery. Oedema formation was related to fluid balance, changes in whole-body bioimpedance (Z) measured at four frequencies (5, 50, 100 and 200 kHz), and clinical outcome. RESULTS: The 20 patients who developed oedema were older than those who did not (mean(s.d.) 73(9) versus 63(14) years; P = 0.007). Fluid intake over the first 5 days after surgery was similar in both groups, but those with oedema excreted less total fluid (16.9(2.4) versus 19.7(3.5) litres; P = 0.022). Oedema was associated with a delay in tolerating solid food (P = 0.001) and opening bowels (P = 0.020), a prolonged hospital stay (median 17 (range 8-59) versus 9 (range 4-27) days; P = 0.001) and more postoperative complications (13 of 20 versus four of 18 patients; P = 0.011). The preoperative ratio of whole-body impedance at 200 kHz to that at 5 kHz was higher in those who subsequently developed oedema (0.81(0.03) versus 0.78(0.02); P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: The development of oedema after major abdominal surgery is associated with increased morbidity. Age and reduced ability to excrete administered fluid load are significant aetiological factors and bioimpedance analysis can potentially identify patients at risk.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient related factors leading to slow urea transfer in the body during dialysis.

We studied the trans compartmental speed of urea transfer by comparing concentration changes of blood urea nitrogen to mass changes of urea during 80 dialyses in six patients. The speed of urea transfer was studied as a dependent factor of 15 patient characteristics: age; gender; fluid overload; and pre and post values of and change in pulse and temperature, calcitonin gene related peptide, and mean arterial blood pressure. Concentration changes in blood urea nitrogen were measured as pre and post dialysis urea concentration, the total urea in the body was measured by pre dialysis urea and tritium total body water determinations, and the actual mass of urea removed by collecting all dialysate. As a mean, concentration of blood urea nitrogen fell 54% but the mass urea removed was only 40% for a mean ratio of 1.41. Nine factors were associated with the speed of urea transfer. Patients with fast transfer had more normal fluid balance, a normal pulse rate, body temperature, calcitonin gene related peptide values, and blood pressure both before and after dialysis. The patients with a slower transfer of urea had a lower blood pressure before and after dialysis and a more labile pulse rate and body temperature. Patients with unpredictable urea transfer were the most edematous and had the most labile blood pressure. It is important to know which patients have slow urea transfer. Such patients should not be treated by fast dialysis, and those with the slowest rates may do particularly well on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Validation of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in monitoring fluid balance in healthy elderly subjects.

BACKGROUND: Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) is a novel method to assess body composition in elderly subjects. However, it is unclear whether MFBIA can detect changes in body water compartments in elders. We aimed to determine the within-subject variability of MFBIA and the responsiveness to a diuretic intervention in aged subjects with a stable fluid balance. METHODS: We selected 12 healthy active elderly subjects (5 male, 7 female) with a mean age of 75 years. Total body water and extracellular fluid (ECF) were measured by deuterium oxide- and potassium bromide-dilution techniques. Within-subject variability in total body MFBIA was assessed by performing four measurements at 1, 5, 50, and 100 kHz within a 2-month period. Subsequently, responsiveness of MFBIA to the ECF loss caused by oral administration of 40 mg of furosemide was determined. RESULTS: Within-subject variability in MFBIA at 1, 5, 50, and 100 kHz expressed as standard deviations was 21, 19, 14, and 14 Ohm (omega), respectively. Furosemide caused a mean weight loss of 1.8 +/- 0.6 kg, which resulted in significant increases in impedance of 57 +/- 24 omega at 1 kHz and 37 +/- 12 omega at 100 kHz (p < .001). The responsiveness of MFBIA for the diuretic intervention was best at 5 kHz (responsiveness index = 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: Within-subject variability of MFBIA was small in healthy elderly subjects with stable fluid balance. Responsiveness of MFBIA to 9% furosemide-induced ECF loss was excellent. These data support the necessity for further clinical assessment of the value of MFBIA in monitoring fluid balance in geriatric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Kallikrein-kinin system of the kidneys in hypertension under different conditions of examination].

Changes are observed in the renal kallikrein-kinin system in hypertensive disease, which are displayed by compensatory increase in its activity in patients with labile hypertension and decrease in the activity of this system in patients with a stable stage of the disease. An inadequate reaction to a load experienced from walking or from a reduced volume of extracellular fluid and sodium balance in the body was noted in all stages. The absence of a reaction or the inhibition of the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in response to the intake of furosemid may be a manifestation of its altered sensitivity to the electrolyte shifts in the organism and the decrease in the volume of extracellular fluid. The kallikrein-kinin system is concerned with the noted shifts in renal function linked with the transport of sodium and water in patients with the labile stage of the disease, to which the correlative connection between kallikrein excretion and natriuresis and urine excretion attests. It is suggested that the renal kallikrein-kinin system in patients with the initial stage of hypertensive disease contributes to the adaptation of renal function to the altered conditions of hemodynamics and the increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Forensic applications of genetic polymorphisms detected in human body fluids (urine, semen and blood).

The development of a new genetic marker with forensic usefulness is difficult and costly work, but it is necessary. We discovered several new markers detected in urine, semen and blood. In particular, deoxyribonuclease I-polymorphism is one of the most useful markers for practical purposes, since it has a well-balanced gene frequency, high concentration in body fluids, stability against severe conditions, and easy and accurate detectability.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗