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PubMed2001

Viktor Hamburger's Department of Zoology in the 1940s: a student perspective.

Eleanor and Byron Wenger were graduate students in the Department of Zoology in the 1940s. Both took several courses with Viktor, and he was thesis advisor for both of us. We have attempted to provide a summary of life in the department from a student perspective as well as our impression of Viktor's style of mentoring and guiding student research and education.

Embryology↗
PubMed1987

Memories of the early days of arthroscopy: 1965-1975. The formative years.

In the decade from 1965 to 1975, arthroscopy advanced from a medical curiosity to a useful adjunct in the treatment of joint disease. The International Arthroscopy Association was established in 1974, with the prime purpose of teaching arthroscopy and disseminating information regarding the technique. Rapid advances were made in the field of instrumentation, courses were organized, and regular meetings were held as a forum for the exchange of information. Hence, in only 10 years, the technique became an established part of knee joint surgery, and the door was opened for the exploration of other joints. Dr. Masaki Watanabe deserves full credit for his contribution, which medical historians will undoubtedly establish as one of the great advances in orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1993

Reminiscence and life review: explaining the differences.

Although the terms reminiscence and life review continue to be used interchangeably in the literature, they are separate interventions. This article describes the differences, similarities, and commonalities in these two nursing interventions by highlighting differences in goals, theory base, the nurse's role, and the client's role. The implementation process and the desired outcomes are also differentiated to move forward nurse's understanding of these two important nursing interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Reflections on my involvement in orthodontic research.

Some years ago, Professor Takihashi, who was then the greatest living professor of orthodontics in Japan, called on us in Ann Arbor just before his retirement. I asked Dr. Takihashi who would replace him? and he replied, "There's a young man who will do better than I because he will be able to take Japanese orthodontics to the world and bring the world's orthodontics to Japan." That young man was Fujio Miura. Fujio Miura has, in the years since Takihashi spoke to me, written one of the most amazing records in the history of our specialty. His research is as far ranging as anyone's. For example, in biology he has written well on the ethnology of Japanese craniofacial morphology and that of the aborigines in Japan. He has written on developmental biology and on the tissue reaction of tooth movements. In metallurgy he has contrived alloys that have revolutionized our appliances, for he was a pioneer in the use of nickel-titanium wires. Fujio Miura invented direct bonding. Professor Miura has fulfilled Professor Takihashi's predictions well for he has become the most famous orthodontic professor in Japan's history. It is interesting to see that his students occupy most of the chairs of orthodontics in Japan and many elsewhere. Miura is an accomplished artist who has exhibited his work. This personable scholar probably attends more meetings of the American Association of Orthodontists Society than most American members, and he is equally at home in the European society, and many other orthodontic groups in the world.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed2001

Controlling the efficiency of excision repair.

The early studies are recounted, that led to the discovery of the ubiquitous process of DNA excision repair, followed by a review of the pathways of transcription-coupled repair (TCR) and global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GGR). Repair replication of damaged DNA in UV-irradiated bacteria was discovered through the use of 5-bromouracil to density-label newly synthesized DNA. This assay was then used in human cells to validate the phenomenon of unscheduled DNA synthesis as a measure of excision repair and to elucidate the first example of a DNA repair disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum. Features of the TCR pathway (that is defective in Cockayne syndrome (CS)) include the possibility of "gratuitous TCR" at transcription pause sites in undamaged DNA. The GGR pathway is shown to be controlled through the SOS stress response in E. coli and through the activated product of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human cells. These regulatory systems particularly affect the efficiency of repair of the predominant UV-induced photoproduct, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, as well as that of chemical carcinogen adducts, such as benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide. Rodent cells (typically lacking the p53-controlled GGR pathway) and tumor virus infected human cells (in which p53 function is abrogated) are unable to carry out efficient GGR of some lesions. Therefore, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of results from such systems for risk assessment in genetic toxicology. Many problems in excision repair remain to be solved, including the mechanism of scanning the DNA for lesions and the subcellular localization of the repair factories. Also there are persisting questions regarding the multiple options of repair, recombination, and translesion synthesis when replication forks encounter lesions in the template DNA. That is where the field of DNA excision repair began four decades ago with studies on the recovery of DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated bacteria.

Animals↗