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PubMed2004

One-stage reconstruction of both the biceps brachii and triceps brachii tendons using a free anterolateral thigh flap with a fascial flap.

An avulsed elbow with severe degloving and crush injury was reconstructed in a 66-year-old man. The biceps brachii was completely transected, and the triceps brachii tendon was partly transected. In addition, the skin around the elbow had become totally necrotic. Four weeks after the injury, a free anterolateral thigh flap with a fascial flap was transplanted to reconstruct both the biceps brachii and triceps brachii tendons simultaneously. Six months after the initial injury, the range of elbow motion had recovered to almost the same level as that before injury.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Rollover injuries of the upper extremity.

Eleven patients were treated for rollover injuries of the upper extremities from 1971 to 1976 resulting from the rollover accidents of off-road vehicles in rough terrain. Injuries to the volar surfaces of the extremity were most common, but injury to the extensor surfaces seemed to be more severe. Soft-tissue injuries predominated as did injury to the nondominant hand. The majority of patients returned to their original jobs after sometimes prolonged recovery and rehabilitation. A redesign of the rollover cage with interior hand holds could reduce the frequency and severity of these novel injuries.

Accidents↗
PubMed1996

Elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand injuries among sport rock climbers.

OBJECTIVES: Sport rock climbing with its repetitive high-torque movements in gaining the ascent of a rock face or wall, often in steep overhanging positions, is associated with a unique distribution and form of upper limb injuries. In this article, we review the biomechanical aspects of sport rock climbing and the types of injuries commonly encountered in the forearm, wrist, and hand regions of elite sport rock climbers. Because elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand injuries predominate, representing 62% of the total injuries encountered, these anatomical areas have been selected for review. DATA SOURCES: The predominant source of data are the published work of Bollen et al. The remaining sources were obtained through electronic search of the Medline and Current Contents Databases (last searched May 1995). German and French articles were included in the search criteria. STUDY SELECTION: Only studies dealing with acute soft tissue and overuse injuries amongst sport rock climbers were selected. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted directly from the sourced articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: The following injuries have been described in detail with regard to their presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention amongst sport rock climbers: medial epicondylitis, brachialis tendonitis, biceps brachii tendonitis, ulnar collateral ligament sprain of the elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome, digital flexor tendon pulley sheath tears, interphalangeal joint effusions, fixed flexion deformities of the interphalangeal joints, and collateral ligament tears of the interphalangeal joints. CONCLUSION: Many of the injuries are specific to the handhold types used by the rock climber. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of these unique injuries will be facilitated by a wider understanding of the biomechanical aspects of rock climbing and an awareness of the patterns and incidence of injuries in this sport.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1998

Patterns of injury associated with automobile airbag use.

The wide use of automobile airbags has undoubtedly reduced the mortality and the incidence of serious injuries from motor vehicle accidents. However, automobile airbags appear to be associated with a variety of injuries including fatal injuries, ocular injuries, upper limb and chest injuries. Further improvements in airbag design together with education of the general public in their use should help reduce airbag-related injuries.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Radiology of athletic injuries: football.

During a 17-year period, 33 injuries produced radiographic abnormalities in 26 members of a professional football team. Sites of injury were correlated with playing position and protective equipment worn at the time of injury. Fractures of multiple transverse processes of the lumbar spine are reported in offensive halfbacks and offensive ends. Two linebackers and one center sustained fractures of the mid-forearm. Several related reports of the morbidity and mortality of football injuries are also discussed.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Volleyball.

Volleyball has become one of the world's most popular participatory sports in recent years. There are many dynamic skills and movements needed to play the game. As a result, many overuse and traumatic injuries to the extremities and back may occur. This article addresses the history of the sport and its terminology. Common injuries and rehabilitation recommendations are also discussed.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2004

[The results of nerve repair in combined nerve-tendon injuries of the forearm].

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and functional results of nerve repair in patients with combined tendon-nerve injuries of the forearm. METHODS: The study included 68 patients (58 males, 10 females; mean age 33.5 years; range 5 to 48 years) with combined tendon-nerve injuries of the forearm. A total of 96 nerves were repaired. Patients with nerve defects were excluded. Both median and ulnar nerves were injured in 17 patients; median and ulnar nerve injuries were detected in 17 patients and 34 patients, respectively. The mean time to operation was four hours (range 20 min to 24 h). Primary nerve repair was performed in 60 patients, and secondary repair was performed in eight patients. The interfascicular technique was employed in 18 patients, and epiperineural suture in 50 patients. Rehabilitation included early motion using the Washington regimen. A modified MRC (Medical Research Council) motor and sensory classification system was used for postoperative evaluation. The mean follow-up was at least two years. RESULTS: The modified MRC results were as follows: of 17 patients with median nerve injuries, 10 had excellent, seven had good results. Of 34 patients with ulnar nerve injuries, the results were excellent in nine, very good in 10, good in 10, and fair in five patients. Of those with median and ulnar nerve injuries, four, seven, and six patients had excellent, very good, and good results, respectively. Overall, 61 patients (89.7%) had satisfactory results. A significant correlation was found between age and the MRC results (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: Primary nerve repair followed by early motion results in substantial rates of excellent and satisfactory results in patients with combined nerve-tendon injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Plaster splints: techniques and indications.

Various plaster splints can be used in the management of many acute musculoskeletal injuries seen in the emergency setting. These include gutter splints of thumb, radial and ulnar types; volar forearm, sugar-tong and posterior elbow splints, and knee, short leg and stirrup splints. When properly made, these devices afford symptomatic relief, mechanical support and sometimes even definitive therapy for fractures and soft tissue injuries of the extremities.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1980

Injuries of competitive skiers in Finland: a three year survey.

The present investigation reports on the injuries of competition skiers in Finland during the period 1976 to 1978. This investigation was made possible through the present system in Finland where an obligatory competition licence is always linked with accident insurance and the authors were able to base their work on an insurance company's records. The total number of licensed competition skiers in 1978 was 7814, 7052 being cross-country skiers, 275 skijumpers and 487 downhill skiers. During the period under investigation 180 accidents leading to an injury were rcorded. Cross-country skiers had 47% of these injuries, downhill skiers 23% and skijumpers 30%. The injury risk in skijumping (47%) proved to be highly significantly (p < 0.001) greater than in the other events (3% and 18%). In the comparison of the injury risk, men (8.5%) outnumbered women (4.4%) (p < 0.001). Men under 30 had more injuries than the older age group (p < 0.001). Muscle and tendon injuries were most common in cross-country skiing. The risk of sustaining a fracture was higher in skijumping than in the downhill events (p < 0.001) and higher in downhill skiing than in cross-country (p < 0.001). On the basis of the present investigation cross-country skiing seems to be a safe activity, but downhill skiers and especially skijumpers seem to be subject to a relatively high risk of injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Upper extremity injuries in young athletes.

With the knowledge base of normal anatomy, development, biomechanics, and differential diagnosis, the sports medicine professional can treat injured young athletes with greater efficiency. In addition, microtraumatic injuries may be prevented by emphasizing safe parameters of participation, proper throwing techniques, and careful monitoring of the amount of practice time and intensity. Gymnasts using apparatus should always have spotters. The height of towers and basket tosses by cheerleaders should be limited by age and ability. Proper pitching techniques, not the fastest pitch or youngest curve, should be taught to baseball players. "Play it safe" should be the rule. Finally, by establishing an early and precise diagnosis, potential complications from injuries can be lessened.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1996

The effect of trunk support on performance during arm ergometry in patients with cervical cord injuries.

Earlier studies have shown that the diaphragm might have a postural function that could interfere with its respiratory function during arm cycling in patients with cervical cord injuries with impaired elbow extension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of trunk support on working performance in such patients. Ten patients with low-cervical-cord injuries performed an arm ergometer test without and with trunk support with at least one week between the tests. The work load averaged 30 (20-50) Watt. Oxygen uptake at steady state averaged 0.71 +/- 0.09 l/min without trunk support and 0.64 +/- 0.10 l/min with trunk support, P < 0.05. There was no difference in blood lactate without or with trunk support. Maximum performance time averaged 8.3 +/- 4.3 min without trunk support and 19.5 +/- 8.8 min with trunk support, P < 0.01. Oxygen saturation tended to decrease during work and returned to resting values after termination. This study showed that trunk support during arm ergometry in cervical-cord-injury patients with impaired elbow extension decreased the energy cost during sub-maximal work and increased the time to perform work. The results indicate that trunk stabilisation might improve performance of activities of daily living and that it should also be considered during exercise affecting the postural balance of these patients.

Adult↗