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PubMed1988

Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole against Nematodirus battus infections in lambs.

Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were evaluated against naturally acquired infections of Nematodirus battus in lambs. Four groups of 10 lambs each were used. Oral administration of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight or 5 mg of fenbendazole/kg significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the degree of infection by N battus (adults) by greater than 99%. An oral formulation of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg was 98% effective (P less than 0.01). Numbers of other Nematodirus spp (including N filicollis and N spathiger) were significantly reduced.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the efficacy of trace element supplementation of an anthelmintic.

The efficacy of the selenium and cobalt contents of a trace element supplemented anthelmintic was evaluated in a series of trials with lambs in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The product was compared with other methods of supplementation and was found to be an adequate source of selenium when administered at monthly intervals. Its cobalt content was shown to be of some nutritional benefit on four of five sites but not as effective as the monthly 250 mg oral cobalt dose, vitamin B12 injection or intraruminal soluble glass bolus treatments also used. No growth responses were obtained and unsupplemented animals generally had an adequate cobalt and selenium status. No toxicity problems were encountered from either element.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The binding of the anthelmintic pyrvinium cation to deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro.

Pyrvinium pamoate, an anthelmintic drug with mutagenic activity, binds to duplex DNA in vitro. Binding markedly enhances the intrinsic fluorescence of the drug, permitting a characterization of the binding reaction to be performed directly through fluorimetric analysis. The monopyrvinium salt, pyrvinium iodide, binds cooperatively to native calf thymus DNA with an intrinsic binding constant of 1.1 X 10(4) M-1 as determined fluorimetrically and 1.4 X 10(4) M-1 as determined by equilibrium dialysis. The respective binding site was estimated to be 2.5 base pairs. A change in the absorption of bound drug as a function of the binding ratio identifies secondary, nonfluorescent binding which is essentially ionic in character. The binding of pyrvinium removes negative supercoils from PM2-ccc-DNA with an experimental efficiency greater than that observed for the intercalating drug chloroquine. Electron microscopy shows that molecules of pBR322 DNA treated with pyrvinium increase in length by as much as 18% over controls, consistent with an increase in DNA base pair separation upon binding. The evidence indicates that the primary interaction of pyrvinium with DNA involves intercalation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel against Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and Taenia taeniaeformis in cats.

Forty cats, each harboring 2 or 3 parasitic infections (Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Toxocara cati, and/or Taenia taeniaeformis), were used to titrate the anthelmintic efficacy of a paste containing 3.4% febantel and 0.34% praziquantel. The cats were allotted into 4 groups (10 cats/group). For 3 consecutive days, the cats were given febantel/praziquantel at 5/0.5 mg/kg/day, 10/1 mg/kg/day, 15/1.5 mg/kg/day, or a blank paste vehicle (control) at 0.29 g/kg of body weight. The recommended dosage of 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg cleared greater than or equal to 98% of the 3 helminth species.

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed1986

Studies on anthelmintic effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice and rats.

Flubendazole and mebendazole given orally at 10 mg/kg/day 5-7 days post-infection (total 30 mg/kg) were found to eliminate 93-100% of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in mice and rats. No significant difference was observed between the effects of the 2 drugs. The effectiveness of the drugs decreased with the increase in days post-infection on which medication was administered. It was found possible to treat A. cantonensis adults in rats by administering flubendazole or mebendazole at 10 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. The drugs exhibited better anthelmintic efficacy in a divided dosing regimen than in a single dosing regimen.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1985

Effectiveness of a slow-release, morantel tartrate anthelmintic bolus for controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in replacement dairy heifers.

Two experiments were done to evaluate the effectiveness of a slow-release, morantel tartrate, anthelmintic bolus for controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in replacement dairy heifers. In experiment 1, good control of nematode contamination of pasture was indicated by lower worm burdens in tracer calves that grazed with 15 heifers treated orally with a single bolus and by significantly decreased numbers of nematode eggs in the feces of the 15 treated heifers, as compared with numbers of eggs in the feces of 15 nontreated control calves. Significant differences in weight gain were not seen between treated and nontreated heifers, probably due to low amounts of larval exposure, the small number of heifers evaluated, and parasitic resistance in the heifers, which may have developed as a result of prestudy exposure to contaminated pasture. In experiment 2, done 1 year after the 1st experiment, using the same pastures that were used in experiment 1, young heifers were used. Many of the heifers were parasite naive at the beginning of the experiment (ie, nematode eggs were not found before the experiment). Treatment with the bolus was effective in controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in the heifers and in controlling nematode contamination of pasture. Compared with nontreated heifers, treated heifers had significantly higher cumulative weight gains, a significant decrease in plasma pepsinogen concentrations, and a significant decrease in worm egg excretion. The number of worms acquired by tracer calves that were grazed with treated heifers was significantly less than for tracer calves that were grazed with nontreated heifers.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of anthelmintics against cattle nematodes.

The efficacies of fenbendazole and thiabendazole against artifically acquired cattle nematodes and the efficacies of fenbendazole, prabendazole and levamisole against naturally acquired cattle nematodes were studied in western Victoria. Fenbendazole significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced numbers of late and early fourth stage larvae (greater than 96%), artificially acquired Cooperla spp (100%) and naturally acquired adult Ostertagia ostertagi (98%) and Trichostrongylus axei (90%). Thiabendazole significantly reduced numbers of artificially acquired late fourth stage larvae (83%) and parbendazole significantly reduced numbers of adult O. ostertagi (72%) in one group of cattle. Fenbendazole was the most effective anthelmintic.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole in the control of Moniezia expansa and Trichuris ovis in sheep.

The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole (methyl 5-(phenyl-thio)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate) against Moniezia expansa and Trichuris ovis was tested. At dose rates of 5 mg per kg and above, efficacies were found to be greater than 91 percent against M expansa and greater than 92 per cent against T ovis. At these dose rates efficacy on egg suppression was 100 per cent for Moniezia and greater than 97 per cent for Trichuris.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the development of resistance in sheep vaccinated or experimentally infected with Dictyocaulus filaria.

This investigation was undertaken to study the immune response of Iraqi sheep vaccinated with Dictyocaulus filaria larvae (Filiraq) and to determine the effect of tetramisole on the development of resistance to reinfection. The findings confirm the effectiveness of Filiraq in conferring protection against experimental infection with D filaria. However, the administration of anthelmintic four weeks after each vaccination interfered with the development of immunity. Termination of D filaria infection at 28 days by tetramisole treatment also prevented the immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole suspension against induced helminth infections in South African sheep and cattle.

Critical controlled tests were performed in 157 sheep (8 experiments) and 34 cattle (2 experiments) to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of mebendazole suspension, administered intraruminally via a stomach tube at a dosage rate of 15 mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight, against induced infections of immature and adult stages of commonly encountered nematode parasites in South Africa. In the sheep, the controlled efficacy of mebendazole suspension was good to excellent (90.1% to 100%) against all stages of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Gaigeria pachyscelis, Ostertagia circumcincta, Nematodirus spathiger, and Chabertia ovina species. Mebendazole was also highly effective (97.3% to 99.9%) against 4th, 5th, and adult stages of Oesophagostomum columbianum and 5th-stage and adult Dictyocaulus filaria. Moderate activity was obtained (79.8% to 82.2%) against 3rd-stage O columbianum, 3rd- and 4th-stage D filaria, and 5th-stage and adult Strongyloides papillosus. In the cattle, mebendazole was effective (91.5% to 100%) against 4th-stage and adult H placei, Cooperia pectinata, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Oesophagostomum radiatum species, but did not exhibit any appreciable activity (27.3% to 41.5%) against 4th-stage and adult O ostertagi.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Speed of actin of some anthelmintics against Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle.

In a study of the comparative speed of action of anthelmintics against Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in cattle levamisole reduced the lungworm burdens by 87 per cent within three hours of administration whereas fenbendazole and febantel required 36 hours to achieve 80 and 87 per cent reduction, respectively. The more rapid action of levamisole may be advantageous in the treatment of bovine parasitic bronchitis since it allows virtually immediate elimination of the majority of the lungworms and limits undesirable sequelae dependent on the continued presence of the parasite.

Acetanilides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Purgative and anthelmintic effects of Mallotus philippinensis in rats against tape worm.

A resin isolated from Mallotus philippinensis (Kamala) caused a significant purgative effect after an oral dose (120 mg/kg) in rats as assessed from the weight of faeces as well as from the surface area of blotting paper soaked by liquid faeces. The anthelmintic effect of the resin was evaluated in albino rats found to be infested with tape worms. The resin in 60 and 120 mg/kg dose had a lethal effect on 35.69% and 78.21% population of tape worms respectively, in small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment on the breeding performance and survival of ewes naturally infected with gastro-intestinal strongyles and protostrongylids.

In two trials, batches of ewes naturally infected with gastro-intestinal strongyles and protostrongylids (small lungworms) were treated with fenbendazole (10 mg/kg body weight) and morantel tartrate (8 mg/kg body weight) at strategic periods. In the first trial, treatment with fenbendazole during midgestation and early lactation, reduced miscarriages, stillbirths, mortality of ewes and their offspring. In the second trial, batches of ewes were treated wither with fenbendazole or with morantel tartrate or a combination of both at different strategic periods. In all the treated groups there were reductions in the mortality of ewes and their offspring which varied according to the regime of treatment and the nature of the anthelmintic used. The excessive mortality related to the presence of these parasites was 3.62% in ewes and 13.8 in lambs. For the former, Protostrongylids and gastro-intestinal strongyles played an equal role; Protostrongylids of ewes were the main cause of worm-induced mortality for the latter. The reduction in the output of strongyle eggs and lungworm larvae paralleled the breeding performance and mortality rate of animals.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of fenbendazole as an anthelmintic for gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

Calves naturally infected with Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia were used in a controlled experiment to determine the anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole, methyl-5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, and to compare this with the efficacy of levamisole. The calves were placed in dry lots for approximately 3 weeks, ensuring that immature Ostertagia larvae were in arrested development before the calves were treated. In calves given doses of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight and 5 and 7.5 mg of fenbendazole/kg, reductions of adult Ostertagia were 95%, 99%, and 99% respectively. Reductions of developing Ostertagia L4 were 29%, 99%, and 100%; of arrested Ostertagia L4--5%, 24%, and 72%; of adult Haemonchus--97%, 100%, and 100%; of adult Trichostrongylus--97%, 99%, and 100%, and of adult Cooperia--100%, 100%, and 100%--as compared with data in untreated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos insecticide with phenothiazine anthelmintic in sheep with or without Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus infections.

The temporal interaction of an emulsifiable mixture of 2.3% dichlorvos and 10% crotoxyphos with phenothiazine anthelmintic was studied in 8 groups of 5 lambs each, free from or parasitized with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp. Each lamb in 1 of 3 parasitized groups and 1 of 3 nonparasitized groups was treated with phenothiazine orally (12.5 g initially and 4 days later with 6.25 g every 3 days for 9 treatments) and/or the mixture of dichlorvos and crotoxyphos dermally (1,550 ml of 0.25% emulsion sprayed every 2 weeks for 3 applications). Two groups served as controls. Onset of clinical signs of toxicosis, lethality, and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EACE) activity were monitored. After each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, clinical signs of toxicosis were seen within 40 minutes in parasitized and nonparasitized lambs regardless of concurrent phenothiazine treatment. Phenothiazine alone was not toxic and did not inhibit EACE activity. The EACE activities of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture-sprayed lambs were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed regardless of parasitism or concurrent phenothiazine treatments. The severity of inhibition increased with each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, but EACE activity recovered within 48 hours after each spray although base-line values were never attained. There was no apparent potentiation of the toxic effects of the dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture by phenothiazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue evaluation of levamisole gel formulation in cattle.

Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue studies were conducted in beef calves using a levamisole gel formulation. The effectiveness of levamisole gel and tablet formulations was studied in 30 calves with experimental infection of Ostertagia ostertagi. Removal of 33- to 34-day-old O ostertagi was 99.6% and 97.7%, for the gel and tablet formulation, respectively, when administered orally to supply 8 mg of levamisole HCl equivalent/kg of body weight. A comparative blood concentration study was also used to demonstrate bioequivalence of the levamisole gel to the tablet formulation. In a cross-over-designed test, 5 cattle/treatment group were dosed orally with levamisole 11.5% gel or levamisole tablets at the dosage rate of 8 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. Blood levamisole values were similar with the levamisole gel and tablet formulations. In a safety study, 3 groups of 6 calves each were given levamisole gel orally to provide 8, 24, or 40 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. A 4th group served as controls. Adverse clinical signs were not observed in cattle treated with the recommended dosage level of 8 mg/kg. Transient salivation was noticed in 1 placebo control calf, 2 calves given 24 mg/kg, and 4 calves given 40 mg/kg. Edible tissues from cattle given a single oral dose of levamisole gel (8 mg/kg) were analyzed for drug residues 2 hours and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthelmintic activity of flubendazole in naturally infected geese and the economic importance of deworming.

The efficacy of flubendazole food medication against roundworms in geese was determined under controlled field conditions. The geese were infected with Amidostomum anseris, Capillaria anseris, Trichostrongylus tennis, and Syngamus trachea. Medicated food was given for 7 consecutive days at a level of 30 ppm. Anthelmintic activity, egg production, and hatchability were recorded. Flubendazole medication resulted in a 100% worm elimination, no consistent change in egg-lay performance, and a highly significant increase in hatchability.

Animals↗