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PubMed2003

Vestibular surgical access to the palatine root of the superior first molar: "low-dose cone-beam" CT analysis of the pathway and its anatomic variations.

Apicoectomy of the superior first molar palatine root until recently involved relatively destructive and laborious surgery because of the palatal access route, which not only necessitates an extensive flap, but also the readying of procedures required to deal with a possible hemorrhage from the palatine artery. With the advent of operative microscopy, endodontic surgery has become more precise and less invasive and its technical potential has increased; a possible innovative surgical technique may entail vestibular root access. The possibility of using low-dose, low-cost computed tomography (CT) dedicated to the jaw to obtain anatomic information to plan apicoectomy via the vestibular approach was evaluated; 31 patients were referred to CT with the NewTom apparatus. In 43 superior first molars, the mean distance of the palatine root from the external vestibular cortex was measured, and the frequency that the maxillary sinus lateral recess lay between the roots was determined. The mean root apex-vestibular cortex distance was 9.73 mm. In 25% of cases the maxillary sinus recessus lay between vestibular and palatine roots. CT may play an important role in optimizing palatine root apicoectomy through vestibular access, with regard to precision and preventing complications, with relatively low biological and economic cost, also possibly contributing to the affirmation of this new surgical procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Whole-genome validation of high-information-content fingerprinting.

Fluorescent-based high-information-content fingerprinting (HICF) techniques have recently been developed for physical mapping. These techniques make use of automated capillary DNA sequencing instruments to enable both high-resolution and high-throughput fingerprinting. In this article, we report the construction of a whole-genome HICF FPC map for maize (Zea mays subsp. mays cv B73), using a variant of HICF in which a type IIS restriction enzyme is used to generate the fluorescently labeled fragments. The HICF maize map was constructed from the same three maize bacterial artificial chromosome libraries as previously used for the whole-genome agarose FPC map, providing a unique opportunity for direct comparison of the agarose and HICF methods; as a result, it was found that HICF has substantially greater sensitivity in forming contigs. An improved assembly procedure is also described that uses automatic end-merging of contigs to reduce the effects of contamination and repetitive bands. Several new features in FPC v7.2 are presented, including shared-memory multiprocessing, which allows dramatically faster assemblies, and automatic end-merging, which permits more accurate assemblies. It is further shown that sequenced clones may be digested in silico and located accurately on the HICF assembly, despite size deviations that prevent the precise prediction of experimental fingerprints. Finally, repetitive bands are isolated, and their effect on the assembly is studied.

DNA Fingerprinting↗

PubMed2026

Updated ENIGMA recommendations for reporting germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes and their translation into twenty languages.

Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility underpins precision cancer prevention and care. Gaps in the healthcare providers' genetic literacy and an ambiguous lexicon for variant description may hinder proper delivery and clinical application of consistently trustworthy test results. The Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) international consortium supports controlled terminology and recommends a framework for reporting germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes, using breast cancer as an exemplar. Moving forward towards terminological coherence across disciplines and borders, the ENIGMA Clinical Working Group launched a multinational effort to release consortium-approved translations of the published recommendations. The herein reported Vocabulary Translation Project offered an opportunity to reappraise and align the reference text to the recent BRCA1 and BRCA2 specifications to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology rules by the ENIGMA Variant Curation Expert Panel and to highlight country-specific differences in breast cancer risk assessment and management. The updated recommendations and their 20 translations are now provided as easy to handle documents, covering 11 of the most widely spoken languages in the world. They will contribute to minimised erroneous inferences, more informed decision-making, improved health outcomes and equity in the use of genetic testing for cancer predisposition and in translational oncology.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Scientific advance in acupuncture.

In this paper we present scientific advance in acupuncture based on electrical, neurophysiological, biochemical and therapeutic studies made inside and outside China since the early fifties. New modalities other than traditional needling techniques notably developed in Japan, France and Germany are described. For future prospects, efforts by making use of systems approach, field-body interaction, self-defense self-strategy and circadian rhythm are likely to produce great fruition in medicine. Possibilities of making advances in "three P's" medicine (preventive medicine, precision medicine and people medicine) by acupuncture are discussed.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed2004

Diagnosing estimate distortion due to significance testing in literature on detection of deception.

Studies journals typically report or feature results significant by statistical test criterion. This is a bias that prevents obtaining precise estimates of the magnitude of any underlying effect. It is severe with small effect sizes and small numbers of measurements. To illustrate the problem and a diagnosis technique, results of published studies on the detection of deception are graphed. The literature contains large effect sizes affirming that deceptive responses in contrast to truthful responses are associated with more reactive Skin Resistance Responses. These effect sizes when graphed on the x-axis against n on the y-axis are distributed as funnel graphs. A subset of studies show support for predicted small to medium effects on different physiological measures, individual differences, and condition manipulations. These effect sizes graphed by sample ns follow negative correlations, suggesting that effect sizes from published values of t, F, and zeta are exaggerations.

Deception↗

PubMed1999

Inheritance of polymorphic metabolizing genes on environmental disease and quality of life.

From investigations based on the human genome and the environmental genome programs, genetic basis for individual differences in response to environmental mutagens is being characterized. Inheritance of variant versions of certain polymorphic genes is frequently associated with the development of environmental disease, such as lung cancer from cigarette smoking. Inheritance of these alleles may also affect the quality of life such as longevity. Evidence in support of these possibilities is presented. It is obvious that through the understanding of susceptibility, more precise disease prevention strategies can be implemented which will not only reduce the disease burden but also improve the quality of life.

Environmental Health↗

PubMed1975

Jamshidi bone marrow needle modification.

A modification of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle is described. Modification includes designing a removable handle and changes to the obturator. These modifications allow for more precise use, prevention of instrument breakage, and greater convenience for the operator.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2001

Data mining of spectroscopic data for biomarker discovery.

The goals of precise diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease can be realized through the discovery of biological markers. Spectroscopic tools can simultaneously detect and quantify multiple small molecule and macromolecular components of biological samples, and are therefore ideal methods for the discovery of previously uncharacterized markers. However, the identification of meaningful spectral features is complicated by the lack of foreknowledge of the molecular nature of a disease, spectral noise and biological variability that is uncorrelated with the disease state. Pattern recognition techniques, both statistical and machine-learning, have been increasingly used in recent years with spectroscopic data to identify markers and classify patients into disease subsets. This review summarizes recent developments, limitations and future prospects in the use of data mining techniques with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy for the discovery of biomarkers.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1992

[Successful replantation of circularly severed palm and multiply severed fingers. A case report].

Replantation of a circularly severed palm, partially severed middle finger and completely severed ring and small fingers was done successfully in one patient. Two palmar arteries, 5 digital arteries, 3 dorsal palmar veins, 9 dorsal digital veins were anastomosed. Vein transplantation was carried out to repair the ulnar digital artery defect of the middle finger. Severe swelling after arterial thrombosis was noted on the 7th day and was eliminated by the use of urokinase. All the replanted parts survived with good functional results. Precise anastomosis, prevention and treatment of thrombosis, early exercises were essential to the survival of fingers and functional recovery of hand.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Application of laser and cryosurgery in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

The laser, with its ability to use electromagnetic energy in its most efficient and concentrated form, has held out promise as a surgical tool for 20 years. However, its early promise has not been fulfilled, and with a few isolated exceptions, the laser has not gained widespread acceptance in surgical circles. Recent developments regarding delivery systems and different lasing media have, however, stimulated renewed interest. Similarly, cryosurgery, with its ability to devitalize tissues by the use of extreme cold, has been available in a controllable form in surgery for nearly 30 years. Lack of precision has prevented its widespread use, but it may still have an important role in a number of specialized areas, such as cryoneurectomy and the management of locally aggressive tumors of bone.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Acquired aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta].

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are the result of a degenerative process of the aortic wall. The incidence of AAA has increased during the last three decades. Computerized axial tomography is the best method for investigating AAA. For aneurysms of 4-5 cm or more in antero-posterior diameter, the risk of rupture is definitely high and justifies a preventive surgery. Precise evaluation of myocardial function and of coronary circulation may limit the operative risk and may improve the life expectancy. Screening of AAA in populations at risk will allow to survey the natural history of aneurysmal disease and limit the incidence of rupture which keeps a high mortality rate.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Primordial growth deficiency--a case report for the diagnosis of early intrauterine growth retardation].

A case of Silver-Russel-Syndrome is presented. Fetal growth retardation in the second trimester is caused by genetic anomalies in almost 14% of all cases. Oligohydramnios is frequently associated with IUGR and can prevent a precise sonographic diagnosis which is essential for the obstetric management. Cesarean section is the best mode of delivery in cases of established gestational age and absence of fetal abnormalities.

Female↗

PubMed1986

[Requisite selection of surgical technics in the treatment of cancer of the larynx].

Rules for functional surgery of cancer of larynx are defined by means of a detaited analysis of results of 43 cases of reconstructive anterior frontal laryngectomy, 17 cases of crico-hyoide-epiglottopexy and 32 cases of crico-hyoidopexy. The carcinologic features of this surgery are discussed, and emphasis placed on the importance of the paraglottic space and its functional conditions in the light of recent physiologic data. Surgical procedures used are outlined with, for each of them, the neoplastic localization suitable for treatment and a critical analysis of postoperative functional results. Carcinologic follow up is still insufficient for several techniques used, preventing any precise conclusions to be drawn, but the authors consider it is justifiable to perform 66% of partial as against 34% of total laryngectomies.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Nutritional anemias.

The role of the metals, iron and copper, and the vitamins E, folic acid, and B12 in the genesis of nutritional anemias in infancy have been reviewed. All are preventable. The precise requirements for each of these trace elements and vitamins in the small premature infant remain to be defined. The nonhematologic consequences of these nutritional deficiencies require further study. Anemia may prove to be the least important manifestation of the deficiency states.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

[Semisynthetic human insulin in the treatment of diabetes type I. Preliminary experience].

The recent availability of human insulin raised the question of evaluating its effectiveness in comparison with traditional animal insulins in the treatment of type I diabetics. 9 long-term CSII treated type I diabetics were shifted from pork insulin to human semisynthetic insulin and followed up to 8 months. The following parameters were evaluated: basal insulin infusion allowing morning blood glucose of 100-140 mg/dl and the serum insulin binding capacity (Bio-Merieux). 5 subjects did not show any variation of basal insulin requirement whereas in 4 subjects the occurrence of hypoglycemia induced a reduction of basal insulin requirement of 15%, 16%, 27% and 15%, after 1,2,2 and 8 months respectively, from the shift to human insulin. Serum insulin binding capacity was undetectable in 3 subjects, unchanged in 4, slightly decreasing in 2. One of these two exhibited as well a decrease of basal insulin requirement (16%), while in the other the state of pregnancy prevented its precise assessment. In conclusion human insulin appears as effective as pork insulin; further studies are needed to confirm the suggestions of its lower immunogenicity.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Unicondylar unicompartmental replacement for osteoarthritis of the knee.

Unicompartmental knee replacement is an attractive concept that offers several potential advantages over bicompartmental or tricompartmental replacement, including preservation of bone stock, of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, of the patellofemoral joint, and of the normal opposite compartment. Of our first 100 consecutive knees that had unicompartmental arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and were followed for two to six years (average, three and one-half years), eighty-eight were medial and twelve were lateral replacements. The ages of the patients at the time of operation ranged from forty-six to eighty-five years, with an average age of seventy-one years. At follow-up, pain relief was good to excellent in 92 per cent of the knees. The average amount of flexion was 114 degrees (range, 90 to 140 degrees); one-half of the knees had at least 120 degrees of flexion. The average flexion contracture was 1 degree. There were no infections and no peroneal palsies. At the time of writing, three failures had required revision. Radiolucent lines at the bone-cement interface were present around 8 per cent of the femoral components and 27 per cent of the tibial components. Two femoral components subsided in obese patients. There was no tibial loosening in the series. The most common complications, per anserinus bursitis, occurred in 12 per cent of the knees and was treated satisfactorily by injection of local anesthetics and steroids. Surgical technique must be precise to prevent subluxation of the tibia on the femur due to either improper positioning of the components or too tight a fit (too much pressure) between them. We view unicompartmental replacement as an attractive alternative for the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis in elderly patients. However, we are strong advocates of proximal tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental osteoarthritis associated with a varus deformity in selected patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Lipid risk factors of atherosclerosis: who, when, how to treat?].

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a well established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, specially coronary heart disease. Lipid-lowering therapies are associated with a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in secondary as well as primary prevention. A precise lipid pattern is necessary before any treatment. The target level depends on the clinical data and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Diet is the first step approach and should always be continued. Cholestyramine and statins are the treatments of choice in case of hypercholesterolemia (type IIa). In case of isolated or associated hypertriglyceridemia (types IV and IIb) fibrates are the most efficient. No treatment is really efficient on Lp(a) level. A good observance is required for a lifelong treatment.

Child↗

PubMed2007

Folate and neural tube defects.

A protective effect of folate against the development of neural tube defects (NTDs), specifically, anencephaly and spina bifida, is now well recognized, having been established by a chain of clinical research studies over the past half century. This article summarizes the more important of these studies, which have led to the current situation in which all women capable of becoming pregnant are urged to ingest folic acid regularly. The recommended intakes are 4 mg/d for those at high risk (by virtue of a previous NTD pregnancy outcome) and 0.4 mg/d for all others. However, a reduction in NTD births did not follow promulgation of these recommendations, and so folic acid fortification was mandated in the United States and some other countries. Although some controversy remains about the adequacy of fortification levels, the process was followed by significant improvement in folate indexes and a reduction of 25-30% in NTD frequency (about one-half of the proportion of cases assumed to be responsive to folate). The folate-NTD relation represents the only instance in which a congenital malformation can be prevented simply and consistently. Nevertheless, several research gaps remain: identification of the mechanism by which the defect occurs and how folate ameliorates it; characterization of the relative efficacy of food folate, folic acid added to foods, and folic acid by itself; delineation of the dose-response relations of folate and NTD prevention; and more precise quantification of the dose needed to prevent recurrences.

Adult↗