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PubMed1995

Randomized perturbed posturography in abstinent chronic alcoholics.

Equilibrium is maintained by visual, proprioceptive and vestibular afferent influx, central coordination and motor efferents. Eleven male abstinent chronic alcoholic volunteers aged 44-65 years (mean 57 years) were investigated by randomized perturbed posturography. They had all been long time heavy drinkers. Ocular smooth pursuit and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex showed abnormalities in a previous study, but they had no signs or symptoms of polyneuropathy. The current study demonstrated larger (but generally not significantly so) sway areas, and in all tests on the randomly moving support surface the sway velocities were significantly larger than in the controls. It is concluded that randomized perturbed posturography is valuable in dysequilibrium assessment in chronic alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The normal parameters in people with static posturography].

OBJECTIVE: To get the normal parameters of static posturography in people. METHOD: 279 normal people from 5 to 80 year old were measured when their eyes opened and closed separately by G-5500 gravity sway apparatus. RESULT: The normal parameters of static posturography were acquired. CONCLUSION: The result can be taken as normal in clinical examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical application of posturography with inclinometer and platform with global bottom].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of posturography with inclinometer and platform with global bottom to make the subjects contact the ground almost at one point in the evaluation of body balance function. METHODS: The body balance function of 100 normal persons, 50 males and 50 females, aged 21 approximately 50, and 87 patients with peripheral vertigo due to semicircular canal palsy, aged 20 approximately 60, was measured with a new type of posturograph with inclinometer and platform with global bottom developed by the authors. The subjects with an inclination-sensor being fixed at the waist were asked to adopt four postures during the measurement: standing on the ground with eyes opened (test 1), standing on the ground with the eyes closed (test 2), standing on the platform with the eyes opened (test 3), and standing on the platform with the eyes closed (test 4). RESULTS: The measurement of the normal persons showed the average values of body sway angle velocity were 0.57 +/- 0.24 d/s in test 1, 0.70 +/- 0.18 d/s in test 2, 1.16 +/- 0.32 d/s in test 3, and 2.67 +/- 0.70 d/s in test 4. Sixty-two out of the 87 patients (71.26%) showed abnormality in one or more than one of the 4 tests with a value more than x +/- 2s of the normal value, among them 7 showed abnormal value in test 1, 14 in test 2, 16 in test 16, and 56 in test 4. Two weeks after the onset of vertigo, 55 out of the 87 patients showed abnormal values by this examination. CONCLUSION: Posturography with inclinometer and platform with global bottom is effective on evaluation of balance function, In particular, the test of standing on the platform with the eyes closed effectively reflects the vestibulospinal reflex.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Abnormal computerized dynamic posturography findings in dizzy patients with normal ENG results.

The complexities of the balance system create difficulties for professionals interested in testing equilibrium function objectively. Traditionally, electronystagmography (ENG) has been used for this purpose, but it provides information on only a limited portion of the equilibrium system. Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) is less specific than ENG, but it provides more global insight into a patient's ability to maintain equilibrium under more challenging environmental circumstances. CD Palso appears to be valuable in obtaining objective confirmation of an abnormality in some dizzy patients whose ENG findings are normal. Our review of 33 patients with normal ENG results and abnormal CDP findings suggests that posturography is useful for confirming or quantifying a balance abnormality in some patients whose complaints cannot be confirmed by other tests frequently used by otologists.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical application of dynamic posturography for evaluating sensory integration and vestibular dysfunction.

The assessment of sensory organization in balance control by dynamic posturography is unique compared with clinical maneuvers and other vestibular or neurologic testing. It was designed to isolate the relative contributions of visual, somatosensory, and vestibular feedback, and thus to assess the overall function of the balance control system in adaptively selecting between available sensory information for orientation cues to serve as a reference to earth vertical. Rather than serving as a test for specific pathologic conditions, the utility of posturography is in screening for balance disorders and in functionally defining different types of sensory deficits or central disorders. This functional information can be used to define restrictions or high-risk environments for patients, to guide rehabilitative balance therapy, and to monitor progression of recovery from a disease process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Posturography should be included in the vertigo test].

After a brief review of different systems involved in postural control, we describe a method of posturography for exploring vestibulospinal pathways, in which postural oscillations of subject standing on a platform are recorded with eyes open then with eyes closed, and in different head and gaze positions. In normals, only closing of eyes interferes significantly with balance. Posturography is important in vertigo examinations, because it can show: vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal pathway lesions, associated or not; whether there is compensation for imbalance by visual input; cervical origin of vertigo, if any; and, in acute vestibular deficit, that good test results suggest a favorable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Vestibulospinal function assessment by moving platform posturography.

Quantitative methods of vestibulospinal assessment have received increased interest over the past decade. With the ability to interact sensory orientation references, and systematically study the contributions of the vestibular system, diagnostic usefulness of posturography has improved to the extent that useful clinical information can be obtained. We review important background studies and summarize the clinical application of moving platform posturography for the assessment of vestibular deficient patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Posturography in peripheral vestibular pathology. Its contribution in the functional diagnosis and rehabilitation therapy].

Vestibulospinal examination has been neglected in the evaluation of vertigo. The clinical experience gives a loft of evidence that this level of balance function is very important. Even in peripheral cases, this function may be disturbed as has been shown by a systematical application of posturography. In this way the pattern of balance dysfunction can be characterized in a more thorough way. The data obtained by posturography, and especially during follow-up, allow to adapt the rehabilitation exercises in order to reach more efficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vestibular patients examined by posturography: sensory interaction testing.

Posturography (PG) examines the influence of vestibular disturbance on standing balance via the vestibulospinal reflex. Testing under several conditions, in which the sensory input by vision and proprioception is impeded from contributing in a normal way, evaluates the "sensory interaction." In a number of patients with known peripheral vestibular disorders, PG showed normal results, which indicate that, for these patients, the possible influence of the vestibular dysfunction has been cancelled at the central level (compensation). In the others, influence was seen in several degrees. The sensory interaction indicated that this group can be subdivided according to the sensory input that had the most influence in the balance performance in standing. The sensory contribution of vision and proprioception was mostly positive (i.e., enhancing the vestibular compensation). In some cases, there was a negative effect, indicating that the sensory input considered had a disturbing influence. No pattern of results could typify the several groups of peripheral vestibular disturbances. Posturography provides complementary information to the classically obtained diagnoses. The data of posturographic examination can provide useful information about the problem of falling in the elderly and give suggestions for adequate rehabilitation exercises.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1994

Computerised dynamic posturography: its place in the evaluation of patients with dizziness and imbalance.

As well as vestibular information, computerised dynamic posturography (CDP) measures visual and proprioceptive contributions to the balance system. Three hundred and seventy-five patients were evaluated by computerised dynamic posturography and the results were compared to electronystagmography (ENG) results. CDP demonstrated abnormalities in the balance system in many of the patients who had normal ENGs. It can hone the physician's skill in recognising subtle balance disease; it does not provide localization to one side; it does not offer disease-specific information; however, taken in conjunction with history, physical examination, and other tests, CDP will prove to be a helpful addition to the battery of tests available, and it may provide an objective measure of abnormal balance function in contentious cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Contour representation of sway area in posturography and its application.

The representation of postural sway tendency in posturography is important to understand the features of body balance system and a variety of postural disorders. This study is concerned with the contour representation and analysis of postural sway trajectory in posturography. We propose two methodologies to derive the contour of postural sway based on the boundary points of sway area. An algorithm for finding the sway contour in each method was developed, and the experiments were performed to examine the computational efficiency between the methods proposed. Fourteen able-bodied men were asked to stand upright on a force platform to compare the numerical measures of sway shape with other quantitative sway measures used in previous research into balance. The results show that numerical measures of sway contour (area, perimeter, and complexity of sway shape) and radius length diagram can be used to describe the tendency of sway shape, whereas other quantitative sway measures represent the extent of sway amounts.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Abnormalities in posturography and estimations of visual vertical and horizontal in multiple sclerosis.

Twenty-seven patients with mild multiple sclerosis were tested with the dynamic posturography protocol used in the NeuroCom Equitest procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine if the standard test procedure elicited a pattern of responses that would suggest the possibility of multiple sclerosis during differential diagnosis of a patient with dysequilibrium. In addition, the patients' ability to align a light bar to vertical and horizontal was tested with the head erect and with the head tilted 45 degrees to the right and left shoulder. There was a pattern of abnormality in the Equitest motor coordination tests. Only one patient produced normal scores in both the latency and adaptation tests. No pattern of error was noted in the sensory organization tests. In the visual alignment tests, only 3 of the 27 patients tested produced values that were within normal limits for the three different head positions. Visual alignment and the motor coordination tests are not specific for multiple sclerosis, but poor performance probably indicates a disruption of the integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information. Although patients with early multiple sclerosis and patients with purely vestibular disorders often have similar complaints, they have quite different profiles of abnormalities in posturography testing.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

Clinical utility of lateral head tilt posturography.

The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) of dynamic posturography, a functional test of balance, has a low sensitivity for compensated unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions. Tilting the head 45 degrees laterally during SOT [i.e. lateral heat tilt (LHT) SOT] may better detect such lesions. Normal subjects and vestibular clinic patients were studied using SOT and LHT SOT. Caloric, rotational chair, and oculomotor testing were also performed for patients, in either a double-blind or non-double-blind manner. The results for both patient groups were similar and thus were collapsed. Normative LHT SOT performance ranges were established to be slightly lower than corresponding SOT scores, for subjects aged 20-59 years. Subjects in older age groups performed with similar equilibrium scores in both SOT and LHT SOT. Normal subjects aged 20-59 and 60-69 years performed similarly, whereas those aged 70-79 performed significantly worse. Sensitivity of LHT SOT to unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions was poor (24%). Specificity of LHT SOT from patients having balance-system weakness was 90%. The results of this study indicate that LHT posturography does not facilitate significant discrimination of patients with compensated unilateral peripheral weakness from those without such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Changes in posture in whiplash evaluated by static posturography].

Analyzing vestibular-spinal reflex by recording changes in the pressure center over time, static posturography provides precise, repeatable information regarding a person's posture and subsequent postural strategy. Moreover, using the detected postural pattern, this can presage likely genesis of problems in equilibrium. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate posturographic findings in subjects with chronic or persistent whiplash (WL)-induced disequilibrium in order to determine any clear postural pattern able to indicate the likely genesis of the disorder. Fifty young subjects were selected for the study: 28 (6 females) affected with equilibrium problems resulting from WL-type cervical strain and 22 (5 females) normal, age compatible controls (C) (mean age of the groups: WL = 37 +/- 14.3; C = 32.4 +/- 6.7; p = n.s.). The results obtained were statistically processed with a personal computer and specific software (Windows-SPSS). In the analysis of the means (T-test and ANOVA analysis of variance) p < 0.05 was considered significant. In the WL group there was an increase in the antero-posterior axis oscillation frequency as compared to the control group. This is indicated by the FFTY parameter in tests performed both with eyes open and closed. Likewise, in both tests, there was a decrease in the LFS value, a parameter correlating length with surface. The surface was increased in the WL group as compared to group C although this increase was significant only when the test was performed with eyes closed. In addition, the average velocity and standard deviation of velocity increased in the WL group but this was only statistically significant when the eyes were open. The results obtained in the present study show that whiplash victims show an increase in antero-posterior oscillation frequency at the pressure center, as found in the open and closed-eye tests. This suggests that in WL subjects there is an evident disturbance of the fine postural system, leading to an increase in the surface parameters, tracing length and a decrease in LFS function. The onset of this partial postural decompensation can be seen in: a) decrease in fine static postural control which is reflected in an increase in body surface oscillation; b) an increase in energy consumption to maintain orthostatism as revealed in the decreased LFS. In conclusion, it appears reasonable to assume that cervical proprioceptive alterations play a preeminent role in the genesis of whiplash-induced chronic postural instability. This would result in an attempt to vary the physiology from an ankle to a hip strategy; incomplete manifestation of this new posture would cause the feeling of instability mentioned by the patients and documented by posturography.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Computerized posturography balance assessment of patients with bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei deep brain stimulation.

Bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves tremor in patients with both essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In each condition, patients have individually noted both subjective improvement and worsening in balance. Computerized posturography (CP) is able to quantify some aspects of balance. Twenty-one patients (8 with PD and 13 with ET) with bilateral Vim DBS were recruited to undergo randomized-order identical CP testing (EquiTest system) while their DBS devices were both activated and deactivated. One PD patient could not complete any OFF assessment and is not included. Three PD patients could not tolerate portions of the OFF testing. Overall, sensory organization testing was improved by DBS activation in conditions that involved quiet standing with eyes open with no motion of the support surface, or with sway-referenced support surface motion, but worsened during quiet standing with eyes closed only in ET patients. Falls lessened with activation in ET patients. Motor control testing was not changed. Bilateral Vim DBS activation mostly improved balance, but may modestly worsen other specific features.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Posture testing (posturography) in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular pathology.

In patients with peripheral vestibular deficiencies, the testing of posture or "posturography" can give specific information about any compensation obtained in the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR). We have used the statokinesimetric parameter of length in this study. Nearly 50% of the patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction as well as those patients with paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) show abnormal results. These findings indicate deficient compensation at the vestibulospinal level, which is independent of any compensation already achieved at the vestibulo-ocular level. The tests used for the latter, such as positioning and rotational tests, are unable to provide information about the degree of compensation reached in the VSR. The examinations used in the different modalities of sensory interaction can show the presence of influences of ocular fixation and changes of head position. We have observed three types of deviant interaction. Our posturographic data have allowed us to assess functional situations in a more precise way. Any rehabilitation exercises used should be adapted according to these data.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Static and dynamic posturography in prevalent laterally directed whiplash injuries.

Static and dynamic posturography was used to study patients who had experienced a prevalent laterally directed whiplash in a car accident. Results of both static and dynamic examinations were recorded. Findings showed that the whiplash injury had provoked shifting of the pressor center of the body toward a side that was at least indicative of the kind of cervical twist experienced, even when not corresponding to the prevalent direction of the trauma incurred.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensory interaction platform posturography in patients with Ménière's syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The influence on balance by the peripheral vestibular disturbance in Ménière's disease is studied. The influence of visual and proprioceptive support in balance is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with recurrent spontaneous vertigo attacks (n = 134) were studied, 90 with Ménière's disease and 44 with recurrent vestibulopathy. A post-urographic technique was applied with the patient standing on a force plate in four test conditions: (1) eyes open, (2) eyes closed on a stable platform, and the same two conditions on a foam rubber platform. Postural sway was measured for each test and the normality of the results were evaluated by a scoring system. Sensory interaction on balance was assessed by comparing the values of the test results obtained with and without interfering influences on the vestibular-visual-proprioceptive sensory input. RESULTS: The results of the posturographic data were used to subdivide the patients into normal and abnormal groups. Comparison of the tests with and without visual input as well as of the tests with undisturbed and disturbed proprioceptive input were used to evaluate the effect of each sensory input and to determine which effects were dominant. In this way a "pattern" was defined. The interaction effect, thus defined, was most frequently positive, however, it could also be negative (negative patterns). Visual effects were most frequent. There was no significant difference for findings between patients who were stabilized and nonstabilized. Negative patterns suggest a complex interaction of the sensory inputs. CONCLUSION: In these patients with spontaneous vertigo attacks, sensory interaction posturography showed an influence upon balance in the erect position. Different patterns of sensory interaction were found. There was no specific pattern for this category of patients. There was no significant difference related to the "stabilization" of the syndrome.

Female↗