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PubMed2005

Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors p55/p75 ratio and ovarian cancer detection.

OBJECTIVE: Early ovarian cancer detection is still very difficult and patients are mostly in advanced stages, with obvious influence on poor prognosis. METHOD: Fifty-one ovarian cancer patients and 16 healthy controls had the serum concentrations of TNF alpha receptor p55, p75 and CA-125 measured prospectively and preoperatively. RESULT: Mean concentrations of TNF alpha receptor p55, p75 and CA-125 in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than in controls. The ratios of p55 and p75 receptor in ovarian cancer and controls were 0.73+/-0.38 and 0.55+/-0.06 respectively. The areas under ROC curve in detecting malignancy (all FIGO stages) were 0.73, 0.65, 0.88 and 0.85 for p55, p75, p55/p75 ratio and CA-125 respectively. The areas under ROC curve in detecting stage I of ovarian cancer were 0.52, 0.60, 0.84 and 0.66 for p55, p75, p55/p75 ratio and CA-125 respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum TNF alpha p55/p75 ratio showed promising value in ovarian cancer detection.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1999

[Annual chest X-ray in patients after treatment for laryngeal or oral cancer: only a limited number of second primary lung cancers detected].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the detection of second primary lung cancer in patients treated for laryngeal or oral cancer by means of the current annual chest radiography screening program. DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up. METHOD: In a source population of Utrecht University Hospital consisting of patients treated for laryngeal or oral cancer, the occurrence of non-simultaneous second primary lung cancer was analysed. The charts of the patients who developed second primary lung cancer were reviewed with respect to diagnosis (either by means of routine annual chest radiography or triggered by symptoms and signs) and treatment of lung cancer. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for both routes of diagnosis and for each form of lung cancer treatment. RESULTS: The source population consisted of 2067 patients. Second primary lung cancer was diagnosed in 44 patients (37 with laryngeal and 7 with oral cancer). In 21 patients lung cancer was diagnosed by means of annual chest radiography (routine group). The remaining 23 patients presented with symptoms and signs (symptomatic group). In 13 patients, surgery with curative intent was performed. These patients had the best prognosis. Of the surgical cases, 12 out of 13 patients (27% of the total of 44) were in the routine group. Patients in the routine group had better survival than those in the symptomatic group. CONCLUSION: In view of the limited number of patients with second primary lung cancer and the small percentage of patients eligible for curative surgical treatment detected by annual radiography, screening in its present form is of little benefit.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Influence of visual blur on object-motion detection, self-motion detection and postural balance.

We have compared the influence of visual blurring (either by use of plastic foils or by plus lenses) on detection of object-motion and self-motion, and on visual control of postural balance. Three experiments were performed--in all of which object-motion and self-motion detection latencies (response times) and postural sway (sway path) increased with increasing visual blurring. We conclude that visual blurring either by foils or by glasses affects object- and self-motion perception and postural sway in a similar way.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

The influence of prostate size on cancer detection.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if cancer detection rates vary with prostate size using a sextant core biopsy pattern. METHODS: We reviewed 1021 transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided sextant pattern prostate biopsies to determine if cancer detection varied based on prostate size. Prostate size was determined using a computer generated elliptical estimation method. Sextant core biopsies were taken, and the patients divided into groups based on estimated size of the prostate and biopsy outcome. Large prostates were those that were estimated by TRUS as 50 cc or more. Prostates were considered small if they were less than 50 cc. Groups were compared based on size and biopsy outcome. RESULTS: Adenocarcinoma was detected in 33% (334 of 1021) of the patients. Large prostates were noted in 34% (346 of 1021), of which 23% (80 of 346) had cancer detected by sextant biopsy. Small prostates were noted in 66% (675 of 1021), of which 38% (254 of 675) had cancer detected. The difference in cancer detection in large and small glands using a sextant pattern was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Patients with positive biopsies had significantly smaller prostate sizes (40 cc +/- 26) when compared with those with negative biopsies (51 cc +/- 33) (P < 0.01). Only 14% (8 of 58) of patients with gland sizes 100 cc or greater had positive sextant biopsies while 49% (118 of 239) with prostates 25 cc or less had cancer detected. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to control for differences in age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, TRUS findings, and digital rectal examination between the large and small prostate groups. The difference in cancer detection persisted (P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Currently no evidence exists to support differing cancer rates based on gland size alone. Our cancer detection rate using a sextant pattern was higher in men with prostates less than 50 cc, and patients diagnosed with cancer had significantly smaller prostates than those with a negative sextant biopsy. Our data suggest that significant sampling error may occur in men with large glands, and more biopsies may be needed under these circumstances. The effects of tumor volume, focality, and specimen size in relation to overall gland size may contribute to these findings.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

[Rapid analysis of genetically modified soybean by a duplex PCR-capillary electrophoresis system with laser-induced fluorescence detection].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid detection method for genetically modified soybean resistant to glyphosate. METHODS: A duplex PCR was performed with primers designed in this study to simultaneously amplify heterogenous genes in transgenic soybean: CaMV-35S promoter, NOS terminator and CP4-EPSPS gene. And a simple capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was developed and applied to the rapid analysis of the above PCR products by using a 50 cm length x 100 microm i.d. capillary coated with linear polyacrylamide and an 8 g/L HPMC-4000 sieving buffer under 200 V/cm electric field strength. RESULTS: The proposed method was able to simultaneously detect the three heterogenous genes existing in genetically modified soybean under the optimization conditions of PCR and capillary electrophoresis. The measured sequences of the duplex PCR products were identical with the original genes' sequences. Moreover, the sample volumes required were not more than 5 nl and the detection could be completed in less than 24 min. The relative standard deviations (R. S. D.) of the migration times for the PCR products were < or = 3.2%. CONCLUSION: In comparison with agarose gels electrophoresis, the duplex PCR-based capillary electrophoretic method with laser-induced fluorescence detection is rapid, sensitive and accurate, and it is suitable for detection of genetically modified soybean.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed2006

[Comparison between rapid detection method of enzyme substrate technique and multiple-tube fermentation technique in water coliform bacteria detection].

OBJECTIVE: To compare between rapid detection method of enzyme substrate technique and multiple-tube fermentation technique in water coliform bacteria detection. METHODS: Using inoculated and real water samples to compare the equivalence and false positive rate between two methods. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that enzyme substrate technique shows equivalence with multiple-tube fermentation technique (P = 0.059), false positive rate between the two methods has no statistical difference. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that enzyme substrate technique can be used as a standard method for water microbiological safety evaluation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Detection of small low-contrast objects in mammography: effect of viewbox masking and luminance.

OBJECTIVE: Viewing conditions can affect an observer's performance in object detection. Our objective was to determine the effect of viewbox masking and luminance on the detection of small low-contrast objects revealed by mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammographic contrast-detail images having various film densities were viewed on masked and unmasked viewboxes. Similar images with fixed film contrast and density were viewed when luminance ranged from 250 to 8000 nits (1 nit = 1 cd/m2). RESULTS: Detection of small low-contrast objects was significantly easier using a masked viewbox with high luminance that using a regular unmasked viewbox. When a regular viewbox (approximately 3000 nits) was used masking had a more significant effect on films with high optical densities than on films with low optical densities. Brighter, masked viewboxes improved detection on films with higher optical densities. CONCLUSION: Better detection of small low-contrast objects results when mammographic images are masked and viewed on high-luminance viewboxes than when a regular unmasked viewbox is used.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Rapid preparation of DNA microarray using PCR for hepatitis B and D virus detection.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare DNA microarray for detecting both hepatitis B and D virus as (HBV and HDV). METHODS: With the assistance of Oligo6.4 software, specific PCR primers targeting the conserved region of HBV and HDV were designed. The PCR products were purified and cloned into the pMD18-T vectors, followed by rapid identification. The recombinant plasmids were then extracted from positive clones and the target gene fragments underwent sequence analysis. RESULTS: The gene fragments of HBV and HDV were obtained by PCR, which were confirmed by sequence analysis to be specific gene fragments of HBV and HDV. CONCLUSION: Using PCR amplification products to prepare the DNA microarray is quick, simple and effective.

Hepatitis B virus↗
PubMed2005

Impaired visuospatial recognition memory but normal object novelty detection and relative familiarity judgments in adult mice expressing the APPswe Alzheimer's disease mutation.

The present study examined the effects of a human APPswe mutation on object recognition memory in adult Tg2576 mice. The results showed that 14-month old Tg2576 mice were able to detect object novelty as well as control mice, even with delays of up to 24 hr. In addition, transgenic mice showed a normal recency effect and explored the most recently encountered object significantly less than an object encountered earlier in a trial. However, adult Tg2576 mice showed impairments in detecting a change in the relative positions of an array of familiar objects. The results suggest that the formation of representations involving a combination of object identity and spatial information are particularly sensitive to amyloid pathology in adult APPswe mutant mice.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1996

Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3: validity of cytologic study, cervicography, and human papillomavirus detection.

OBJECTIVE: A commercial test for human papillomavirus detection (hybrid capture assay) was examined for its potential value to augment the sensitivity of cytologic study or cervicography for screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. STUDY DESIGN: In a cohort of 967 women with a mean age of 37.1 years who underwent routine cytologic screening, cytologic examination, cervicography, and testing for high-risk human papillomavirus by the hybrid capture assay were compared for their ability to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. Cervical punch biopsy specimens were taken in 20.5% (198/967) patients because they had an atypical or positive cervigram or abnormal cytologic results in the primary screening smears. The data were analyzed by two-tailed chi(2) and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (prevalence 3.9%) by histologic study. Cytologic study identified 29%, cervicography 45%, and testing for high-risk human papillomavirus 50% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. When combined, detection of high-risk human papillomavirus or cervicography augmented sensitivity of cytologic study to 58% (p = 0.01) with positive predictive values of 23% and 17%, respectively. Results of the different techniques should be interpreted in relationship to each other and not as absolute values because collection of specimens for cytologic study was done with cotton swabs, which may be suboptimal for screening but is general practice in Germany. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 can significantly be improved by human papillomavirus testing with the hybrid capture assay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Persistence of placenta previa according to gestational age at ultrasound detection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gestational age at ultrasound detection of placenta previa as a predictor of previa persistence until delivery, and to estimate the effects of previa type, parity, and prior cesarean delivery on previa persistence. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with placenta previa detected during transabdominal or endovaginal ultrasound examination. Previa was categorized as complete if the placenta completely covered the internal cervical os or incomplete if the inferior placental edge partially covered or reached the margin of the os. Gestational age was grouped into 4-week intervals from 15 to 36 weeks. The outcome was cesarean delivery for persistent previa. RESULTS: Previa was detected during 940 ultrasound examinations in 714 pregnancies. Of those with placenta previa at 15-19 weeks, 20-23 weeks, 24-27 weeks, 28-31 weeks, and 32-35 weeks, previa persisted until delivery in 12%, 34%, 49%, 62%, and 73%, respectively. At each interval, complete previa was more likely to persist than incomplete previa, all P <.001. Prior cesarean delivery was an independent risk factor for persistent previa among women diagnosed with previa in the second trimester, P <.05. However, parity was not an independent risk factor for persistence at any gestational age interval after adjusting for prior cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: Gestational age at ultrasound detection of placenta previa may be used to predict likelihood of previa persistence. After midpregnancy, risk of persistence appears to be higher than previously reported. Type of placentation and prior cesarean delivery are important factors that modify the risk that previa will complicate delivery.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed2002

Hydramnios: anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the prevalence and ultrasound detection of fetal anomalies in pregnancies with hydramnios, and to estimate anomaly and aneuploidy risks when no sonographic abnormality is noted. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with hydramnios. Hydramnios was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on greatest amniotic fluid index of 25.0-29.9 cm, 30.0-34.9 cm, or 35.0 cm or more, respectively. Antenatal anomaly detection was compared with assessment in the immediate neonatal period. Aneuploidy and fetal deaths were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Hydramnios was diagnosed in 672 pregnancies, and 77 (11%) of neonates had one or more anomalies. Though more severe hydramnios was associated with higher likelihood of anomaly (P <.001), sonographic anomaly detection (79%) did not differ according to degree of hydramnios (P =.4). Of anomalies which eluded sonographic diagnosis, cardiac septal defects, cleft palate, imperforate anus, and tracheoesophageal fistula were the most frequent. If sonographic evaluation was normal, the risk of a major anomaly was 1% with mild hydramnios, 2% with moderate hydramnios, and 11% with severe hydramnios (P <.001). Aneuploidy was present in 10% of fetuses with sonographic anomalies and 1% without apparent sonographic anomalies. The fetal death rate was 4% in the setting of hydramnios; 60% of these cases had anomalies. CONCLUSION: The anomaly detection rate in pregnancies with hydramnios was nearly 80%, irrespective of the degree of amniotic fluid increase. Residual anomaly risk after normal sonographic evaluation was 2% or less if hydramnios was mild or moderate and 11% if severe.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prostatic asymmetry as a risk factor for prostatic carcinoma: serial prostate-specific antigen monitoring and cancer detection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of cancer detection in men with a normal, asymmetric, or suspicious prostate on digital rectal examination (DRE) initially and after 3 years of serial monitoring of prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prostatic 'asymmetry' was defined as asymmetric growth of the lateral lobes of the prostate without induration or nodules, as assessed by a DRE. The study included 963 men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer and whose serum PSA levels were monitored at 4 month intervals. Prostatic biopsy was recommended if the PSA level became persistently abnormal (> 4ng/mL) or increased by > 20% after having been initially abnormal. Cancer detection rates were compared among groups categorized by the initial DRE findings and serum PSA level. RESULTS: On comparing groups with suspicious and normal DREs, and abnormal with normal PSA levels both, as expected, were associated with a statistically significant increase in cancer detection. However, an asymmetric prostate did not carry an increased risk of detecting prostate cancer when compared with a normal prostate, regardless of PSA level. CONCLUSIONS: An asymmetric prostate does not appear to be an independent risk factor for detecting prostate cancer. Therefore, an asymmetric prostate with no abnormality in PSA level should not mandate prostatic biopsy, or even an increase in monitoring frequency above the presently recommended annual interval.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[New improved approaches for DYS385 detection].

OBJECTIVE: To establish more sensitive methods for detection of DYS385 in routine forensic casework. METHODS: The primers recommended by Genome Database (GDB) and Schneider were used to amplify DYS385 respectively. Then, a semi-nested PCR of DYS385 was designed by using the two different primers as outer and inner primer. A series of experiments were carried out to achieve good result by adjusting the ratio of outer/inner primer and optimizing the PCR condition. RESULTS: It showed that an overall 112 bp shorter DYS385 fragments and better electrophoretic separation were obtained by using primer2B. By using the semi-nested PCR approach, the shorter specific DYS385 fragments could be amplified and detectable DNA amounted to 50 pg. CONCLUSION: This method is 20 fold more sensitive than the ordinary method.

Chromosomes, Human, Y↗
PubMed2006

[Study on monoamine neurotransmitters in rat serum and brain tissue by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection].

OBJECTIVE: A rapid, reliable and simple method detecting monoamine neurotransmitters in rat serum and brain tissue by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector was developed. METHODS: An ODS column was selected as separation column at room temperature,and the mobile phase (pH4.50) consisted of 0.02 mol/L trisodium citrate and 0.05 mol/L disodium phosphate, containing 15% methanol (volume ratio)in distilled water. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the oxidation potential was set at +0.065 mV. Dihydroxybenzylamine was used as the internal standard for quantification. Four compounds, epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in the brain tissue ((whole cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum) and serum were simultaneously separated and determined under the above conditions. RESULTS: RSD of the retention times and peak areas of standard sample was in the range 0.29%-0.67% and 0.09%-0.36%. The recoveries of all analytes were over 85%. The detection limits of 0.083 ng/ml for NE, 0.51 ng/ml for E, 0.046 ng/ml for DA and 0.078ng/ml for 5-HT were achieved with standard solutions. The linearity is over the range 1.0-100 ng/ml for NE, 5.0-80 ng/ml for E,1.0-80 ng/ ml for DA and 1.0-60 ng/ml for 5-HT. CONCLUSION: The assay had been applied successfully to measure simultaneously cortex and serum concentrations of these four monoamines in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Oligonucleotide microarray for human immunodeficiency virus detection].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an oligonucleotide microarray for fast detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: With complete genome sequence of HIV-1 subtype B (U26942) as the target sequence and bioinformatics software such as DNAClub, Oligo6.0, BLAST, Alignment, oligonucleotide probes of high specificity with identical length and similar melting temperature (T(m)) were designed and synthesized. Oligonucleotide microarray was prepared using Cartesian Microarrayer. Using the plasmids of HIV-1 subtype B(U26942), C(U46016), F(AF075703), G(AF061640) and restriction display technique, Cy3-labeled HIV DNA fragments were amplified and the hybridization results were scanned and analyzed with Array-Pro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-two optimized oligonucleotide microarray probes were obtained and used to prepare the oligonucleotide microarray for further screening studies. The microarray prepared significantly enhanced the sensitivity, reliability and speed of DNA assay, and possesses the potential for application in clinical setting.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automated tuberculosis detection.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the accuracy of automated tuberculosis case detection. SETTING: An inner-city medical center. INTERVENTION: An electronic medical record and a clinical event monitor with a natural language processor were used to detect tuberculosis cases according to Centers for Disease Control criteria. MEASUREMENT: Cases identified by the automated system were compared to the local health department's tuberculosis registry, and positive predictive value and sensitivity were calculated. RESULTS: The best automated rule was based on tuberculosis cultures; it had a sensitivity of .89 (95% CI.75-.96) and a positive predictive value of .96 (.89-.99). All other rules had a positive predictive value less than .20. A rule based on chest radiographs had a sensitivity of .41 (.26-.57) and a positive predictive value of .03 (.02-.05), and rule the represented the overall Centers for Disease Control criteria had a sensitivity of .91 (.78-.97) and a positive predictive value of .15 (.12-.18). The culture-based rule was the most useful rule for automated case reporting to the health department, and the chest radiograph-based rule was the most useful rule for improving tuberculosis respiratory isolation compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Automated tuberculosis case detection is feasible and useful, although the predictive value of most of the clinical rules was low. The usefulness of an individual rule depends on the context in which it is used. The major challenge facing automated detection is the availability and accuracy of electronic clinical data.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2006

Digital camera resolution and proximal caries detection.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of proximal caries detection from digitized film images captured by a digital camera at different resolution settings. METHODS: Twenty-five periapical radiographs of 50 premolar and 25 molar teeth were photographed using a digital camera, Sony Cyber-shot, DSC-S75 at three different resolution settings: 640 x 480, 1280 x 960 and 1600 x 1200. Seventy-five digital images were transferred to a computer, saved and opened using ACDSee software. In addition, a PowerPoint slide was made from each digital image. Five observers scored three groups of images (the films, the displayed 1:1 digital images on the ACDSee software, and the PowerPoint slides) for the existence of proximal caries using a 5-point confidence scale, and the depth of caries on a 4-point scale. Ground sections of the teeth were used as the gold standard. Az values under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of each group of images and at different resolutions were compared using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Mean different values between the lesions' depth interpreted by the observers and that of the gold standard were analysed. RESULTS: Films showed the highest Az values. Only the 1280 x 960 images on the ACDSee software showed no significant difference of the Az value from the films (P=0.28). The digital images from three resolution settings on the PowerPoint slides showed no significant differences, either among each other or between them and the films. For caries depth, the 1280 x 960 images showed lower values of mean difference in enamel lesions compared with the other two resolution groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that in order to digitize conventional films, it was not necessary to use the highest camera resolution setting to achieve high diagnostic accuracy for proximal caries detection. The 1280 x 960 resolution setting of the digital camera demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy with film and was adequate for digitizing radiographs for caries detection.

Bicuspid↗