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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel--a case report].

We report a patient with cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel. The patient, a 30-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital with a 12-year-history of generalized convulsion. MRI of the brain showed multiple cysts and the largest one in the right frontal lobe measured 3 cm in diameter. The intensity of cyst contents was same as that of the CSF on T1- and T2-weighted images. X-Ray of extremities and blood examinations showed no abnormal findings. The immunological testing for cysticercosis was negative in the serum. An operation was performed for the largest cyst in the right frontal lobe. The cyst was pathologically confirmed as cysticercosis. He was treated with praziquantel 50 mg/kg body weight in 3 divided doses per day with steroid cover for 7 days. The same therapy was repeated at an interval of 14 days. The patient was suffering from headache and scintilating scotoma only for a few days during the therapy. MRI revealed reduction in the size of the cysts in the right occipital lobe but no change in the other cysts. He was given praziquantel 600 mg per day for two months. As a result, the cysts in the right occipital lobe disappeared and the other cysts diminished on MRI.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Isolated decalcifying algodystrophy of the hip].

Transitory demineralization of the hip, a special form of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, is a rare condition. It should however be distinguished from more severe conditions such as tuberculosis or neoplastic bone disease. The typical symptoms are illustrated from 3 personally observed cases. The patients, usually men between the ages of 30 and 50 years or women in the last months of pregnancy, suffer severe mechanical pain in the hip, with limping and weakness. They usually need crutches for walking. Clinical examination of the hip reveals only slight restriction of passive movements. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be slightly elevated. Bone scan discloses hypercaptation, while other laboratory tests are negative. A few weeks after onset of symptoms, pelvic X-rays show extreme demineralization of the femoral head. On the other hand, the joint space and bony contours remain intact. The prognosis is excellent and the symptoms disappear after a few months or after delivery.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Radiation dosimetry for extremity radiographs.

The energy imparted, epsilon, to a patient undergoing an extremity x-ray examination may be obtained from the dose-area product incident on the patient. Values of energy imparted can be subsequently converted into the corresponding effective dose, E, using an extremity specific E/epsilon ratio. In this study, an E/epsilon ratio of 3 mSv/J was used to convert values of energy imparted into the corresponding upper limit of adult effective doses for all types of extremity examinations. A modification factor, based on the patient mass, was employed to determine the corresponding extremity effective doses to pediatric patients undergoing extremity examinations. Representative clinical technique factors for six common extremity examinations (hand, forearm, elbow, ankle, tibia/fibula, knee) were used to determine the dose-area product and the corresponding values of energy imparted. For adult extremity x-ray examinations, values of energy imparted ranged from 55 microJ to 920 microJ, with the energy imparted to 1-y-old patients being a factor of about 20 lower. Upper limits of effective doses for adult extremity x-ray examinations ranged from 0.17 to 2.7 microSv, whereas the corresponding doses to 1-y-old patients were about a factor of three lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Improved emission uniformity from a liquid-jet laser-plasma extreme-ultraviolet source.

Many modern compact soft-x-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) imaging systems operate with small fields of view and therefore benefit from the use of small high-brightness sources. Such systems include water-window microscopes and EUV lithography tools. We show that the photon losses in such systems can be minimized while uniformity of object-plane illumination is maintained by controlled scanning of the source. The improved collection efficiency is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally for a scanned laser-plasma source compared with static sources. A prospective aerial image microscope and a liquid-xenon-jet laser-plasma source are offered as examples of modern imaging tools that may benefit from such scanning of the source.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Influence of metal ions on the phase properties of phosphatidic acid in combination with natural and synthetic phosphatidylcholines: an X-ray diffraction study using synchrotron radiation.

Synchrotron radiation was used as an X-ray source of extreme brilliance to investigate by X-ray diffraction the phase behavior of fully hydrated unoriented samples of egg phosphatidic acid (egg PA) in combination with egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The diffraction method was sensitive to greater than or equal to 2 mol % gel and greater than or equal to 30 mol % liquid-crystal phase lipid. Accordingly, the liquidus boundary was determined more exactly than the solidus boundary in these phase diagrams. A more precise location of the solidus line was obtained by monitoring the electron paramagnetic resonance signal from TEMPO partitioned between fluid lipid and aqueous phases. Phase diagrams for (i) egg PA/egg PC, (ii) egg PA/DMPC, and (iii) egg PA/DPPC with and without Cd2+ were determined in the temperature range 0-55 degrees C. In system i, the addition of Cd2+ raises the midpoint of the egg PA transition temperature range from 14 to 26 degrees C and results in a wide region of gel-liquid-crystal phase coexistence. With as little as 5 mol % egg PA in egg PC, Cd2+ induces phase separation up to about 25 degrees C. The phase behavior of egg PA/spin-labeled PC in the presence of Cd2+ was very similar to that of egg PA/egg PC in the 10-35 degrees C temperature range. In systems ii and iii Cd2+ extends the temperature range over which the gel and liquid-crystal phases coexist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical x-ray studies of arterial calcifications in the lower extremities of diabetics].

The authors studied the X-ray grams of soft tissues of the lower limbs of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus--54 males and 66 females and 42 control subjects (18 males and 24 females). The average age of the latter was 56.3 and of the patient--52. According to their characteristic the calcifications were localized in intima (spotted) and in media (linear). Besides localization, the extend (whole artery or partial) and degree (light, pronounced) of calcifications were determined. Mediocalcinosis in the arteries of lower limbs of diabetics was established to be almost four times more frequent than that among the controls, the arteries of the thighs, legs and foot being equally affected. In 1/3 of the cases the whole vascular system of the lower limbs was involved, being more frequent in males, as compared with females, with a statistical significance, and correlated significantly with age and duration of the disease. Mediocalcinosis was more frequent with statistical significance, in patients, treated with sulfonylurea preparations. Attempt was made to explain that fact, besides by the older age of those patients with some humoral and hormonal characteristics of diabetes of the elderly, sensitive to SU preparations namely: the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia, hypersomatotropism and relative hyperinsulinism, favouring the proliferation of the cells of media and deposition of calcium salts in it. No statistically significant correlation was found between the incidence of mediocalcinosis on the one hand and the type of diabetes, severity of the disease, occupation, past infections, the presence of hypertension, obesity, retinopathy and disorders of lipid metabolism--on the other.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiology in family practice: a prospective study of 14 community practices.

This study prospectively examined x-rays obtained in the offices of 14 family physicians who read all their own office x-rays and then select those they want a radiologist to read. Each physician completed a standardized report form for 100 consecutive x-rays or for all x-rays obtained for three months, whichever came first. A total of 1,127 x-rays were evaluated. The results indicate that: 1) 86.5% of all x-rays were of three types (chest x-ray, 50.8%; upper extremity, 18.9%; lower extremity, 16.8%); 2) 85.3% of all x-rays were obtained to: a) confirm a clinical diagnosis, b) establish a diagnosis, c) screen for potential problems; 3) 84.8% of the referred x-rays were referred to a) confirm the family physician's interpretation, b) interpret equivocal findings, c) provide medicolegal support, d) improve interpretation skills; 4) the referral rate to a radiologist was 11.6%, with chest x-rays referred most frequently; 5) the same five major ICD-9-CM diagnostic categories were associated with 90.1% of all x-rays obtained and 86.5% of all x-rays referred; 6) the types of x-rays obtained in community practice and in a previously studied residency training practice were similar; 7) 55.6% of office x-rays were read as "normal;" and 8) the family physicians' discordancy rate with the radiologists on referred films was 12.5%.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1984

Microfocal radiographic examination of erosions in the wrist and hand of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The microfocal x-ray unit, a new type of x-ray machine characterised by an extremely small x-ray source, enables great detail to be recorded in the projection radiographs owing to the high object magnification and resolution obtained with this system. Microfocal radiographic examinations were carried out on the wrists and hands of 26 patients with early or moderately advanced rheumatoid arthritis. The macroradiographs confirmed the presence or absence of erosions in patients with early disease activity who otherwise had no detectable lesions visible in standard radiographs. The site of onset, development, and distribution of erosions are described. Their approximate order of appearance is listed. The first to appear occurred in the medial carpal bones, second and third metacarpophalangeal joints and third and fourth proximal interphalangeal joints. In origin they were subperiosteal either immediately adjacent to the insertion of an interosseous ligament or at the transitional zone of the articular cartilage. Erosions in the subchondral bone appeared subsequently and were either indirect (subperiosteal) or direct (subchondral) in origin. Cyst formation was frequently associated with the enlargement of an erosion which it often replaced.

Adolescent↗