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Results for “evolutionary genetics”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evolutionary genetics: Mobile DNAs as sources of adaptive change?

Mobile DNAs are potent sources of mutation in wild populations, but seem only rarely to have been used in adaptive evolution. A new study has revealed a mobile DNA insertion in Drosophila simulans that is associated with an apparent selective sweep and an elevation in expression level of an adjacent gene which creates insecticide resistance.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed2006

Evolutionary genetics: choosing to evolve.

The evolution of mate choice is believed to be important in speciation. A recent experiment involving mating preference evolution in laboratory yeast populations supports theoretical predictions that this can occur without complete genetic isolation between populations, strengthening the case that ecological specialization as well as physical separation can lead to speciation.

Genetic Speciation↗
PubMed2005

Fisherian and Wrightian perspectives in evolutionary genetics and model-mediated imposition of theoretical assumptions.

I investigate how theoretical assumptions, pertinent to different perspectives and operative during the modeling process, are central in determining how nature is actually taken to be. I explore two different models by Michael Turelli and Steve Frank of the evolution of parasite-mediated cytoplasmic incompatility, guided, respectively, by Fisherian and Wrightian perspectives. Since the two models can be shown to be commensurable both with respect to mathematics and data, I argue that the differences between them in the (1) mathematical presentation of the models, (2) explanations, and (3) objectified ontologies stem neither from differences in mathematical method nor the employed data, but from differences in the theoretical assumptions, especially regarding ontology, already present in the respective perspectives. I use my "set up, mathematically manipulate, explain, and objectify" (SMEO) account of the modeling process to track the model-mediated imposition of theoretical assumptions. I conclude with a discussion of the general implications of my analysis of these models for the controversy between Fisherian and Wrightian perspectives.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Evolutionary genetics: what is driving male mutation?

In mammals, most new mutations occur in males. But a study of the evolution of a human X to Y chromosomal translocation has revealed a sex bias much lower than previous estimates. Patterns of substitution suggest that differential methylation between male and female germ lines is a key determinant of the mutation rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evolution: A complement for evolutionary genetics.

Developmental geneticists' contribution to the study of the evolution of morphological divergence has proceeded along two lines: comparative analysis of gene expression and quantitative genetics. Recent studies highlight how complementation tests between species can bridge the gap between these approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evolutionary genetics: the evolution of plumage patterns.

The identification and sequencing of a gene affecting melanin production in the bananaquit, a bird species notable for its polymorphic plumage colour, paves the way for much greater understanding of the evolution of plumage patterns in birds, and the developmental modulations involved in producing new patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evolutionary genetics. The silence of the genes.

A low mutation rate is required for the evolution of large genomes. But is the repression of inadvertent gene expression also important, and is the evolution of complexity limited by the efficiency of noise reduction?

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evolutionary genetics: The economics of mutation.

The presence of mutator genotypes in populations of bacteria may be favoured by selection because they produce rare beneficial mutations and thereby increase the rate of adaptive evolution. Recent work, however, shows that the relationship between mutation rates and adaptive evolution is more complicated.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

The evolutionary genetics of adaptation: a simulation study.

It is now clear that the genetic basis of adaptation does not resemble that assumed by the infinitesimal model. Instead, adaptation often involves a modest number of factors of large effect and a greater number of factors of smaller effect. After reviewing relevant experimental studies, I consider recent theoretical attempts to predict the genetic architecture of adaptation from first principles. In particular, I review the history of work on Fisher's geometric model of adaptation, including recent studies which suggest that adaptation should be characterized by exponential distributions of gene effects. I also present the results of new simulation studies that test the robustness of this finding. I explore the effects of changes in the distribution of mutational effects (absolute versus relative) as well as in the nature of the character studied (total phenotypic effect versus single characters). The results show that adaptation towards a fixed optimum is generally characterized by an exponential effects trend.

Adaptation, Physiological↗