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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Indoor air studies of fungi contamination of social welfare home in Czerewki in north-east part of Poland.

PURPOSE: The contamination of the indoor environment with yeast-like fungi and moulds in social welfare home in Czerewki was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The concentration of airborne fungi (in front of the building and in the corridors, patient rooms, study rooms, recreation rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, toilets) was determined using SAS-Super 100 (Pbi International). The fungal concentration on walls was assessed using the Count-Tact applicator and the plate Count-Tact irradiated (BioMerieux). Swabs were taken from the skin of the interdigital spaces of feet and hands, nails and the oral cavity of the residents. The fungi from the swabs were cultured on Sabouraud medium. Fungi were identified using standard microbial procedures. RESULTS: Tests of air and walls revealed significant differences in mycological flora in depending on the place isolation (e.g. corridor, rooms, reading room, nurse, room, kitchen, dining room, bathroom) and season (summer, autumn, winter, spring). A significant increase in the fungi isolated from the air and walls in the social welfare home was found, depending on the season. CONCLUSION: An increase in the fungi isolated from residents was found in relation to the season.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2004

Inaccuracies on applications for emergency medicine residency training.

OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown erroneous claims of authorship by medical students applying for residency. Authors have hypothesized that investigation of advanced degrees, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) status, and peer-reviewed publications all show important rates of inaccuracy. METHODS: A retrospective review of all applicants offered an interview for the authors' emergency medicine (EM) residency (entering class of 2002), excluding foreign medical graduates and current residents, was conducted. After verifying peer-reviewed publications by MEDLINE search and journal review, errors were tabulated as follows: reference not found, not referenced as an abstract, incorrect author list, or clerical error. AOA status was verified by the AOA organization. Advanced degrees were verified by the awarding institutions. RESULTS: Of 194 applications screened (58.3% of applications), 21 (10.8%) were excluded (9 foreign medical graduates, 12 current residents). Multiple inaccuracies on a single application were counted separately. Of the 173 remaining applications, 23 (13.3%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 8.8% to 19.5%) had at least one misrepresentation and seven of 173 (4.0%; 95% CI = 1.8% to 8.5%) had two or more. Authorship of at least one peer-reviewed article was claimed by 47 of 173 (27.2%), with ten of 47 (21.3%; 95% CI = 11.2% to 36.1%) having one inaccuracy and six of 47 (12.8%, 95% CI = 5.3% to 26.4%) having two or more. AOA membership was claimed by 14 applicants (8.1%), but five claims (35.7%, 95% CI = 14.0% to 64.4%) were inaccurate. Advanced degrees were claimed by 15 (8.7%); four (26.7%, 95% CI = 8.9% to 55.2%) were in error. CONCLUSIONS: Applications for EM residency contain frequent inaccuracies in publications listed, AOA status, and advanced degrees. Careful review of applications is necessary to ensure appropriate credit is given for claims of these types.

Authorship↗
PubMed2001

Influence of repeated chlorhexidine varnish applications on mutans streptococci counts and caries increment in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.

The occurrence of new carious lesions is among the most detrimental side effects in subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. The present study evaluated the efficacy of repeated applications of a 40% chlorhexidine varnish in this patient group with regard to long-term suppression of elevated mutans streptococci levels and the frequency and location of new carious lesions. Thirty-three prospective orthodontic patients age 11 to 18 harboring more than 10(5) mutans streptococci per ml saliva at the initial examination participated in the study. At baseline the previous carious involvement in each subject was recorded using the DMFS index, and extensive information on caries prevention was given. Using a random assignment 18 subjects were included in the test group while the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to the placebo group. From the time of banding until removal of the fixed appliances (median: 21 months) salivary mutans streptococci counts were recorded once every 8 weeks in both groups. At the same appointments all teeth and introaral appliances in the test group were coated with a 40% chlorhexidine varnish. Subjects in the placebo group were treated in the same way, using a placebo varnish with the same varnish base. After debanding, the DMFS score of each participant was recorded again. Analysis of the data revealed that mutans streptococci counts in the test group were only temporarily suppressed and were restored almost to baseline levels by the end of the study. In both groups a clinically relevant increase in the average DMFS score was recorded. Inter-group differencies were not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Immunoassay by particle counting for coagulation testing: application to the determination of protein C.

Latex particles coated with F(ab)'2 fragments of anti-protein C IgG antibodies are agglutinated by protein C, and the quantity of particles agglutinated is proportional to the concentration of protein C. The reaction can be quantitated by optical particle counting. Based on this system, we designed an immunoassay for protein C. Precision measured at low, medium and high levels of protein C varied from 3.3% to 13.7%. Specificity was evaluated by dilution recovery. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.959 was found when the new method was compared with a chromogenic technique on 131 plasmas.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A feasibility study of a coincidence counting approach for PGNAA applications

Prompt gamma-ray nutron activation analysis (PGNAA) has an inherently low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio primarily because of the large background (noise) associated with it. Most elements emit a significant fraction of their prompt gamma rays in coincidence with one or more other prompt gamma rays. This paper reports on initial efforts to use coincidence counting in PGNAA to significantly reduce the several sources of background and thereby increase the S/N ratio. An added benefit is the elimination of the often dominant hydrogen prompt gamma-ray spectrum which emits only a single prompt gamma ray with an energy of 2.223 MeV. Preliminary results are given for both in situ bulk analysis applications with a 252Cf neutron source and for nuclear reactor thermal neutron beam applications for small laboratory samples.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

A semiautomatic image analyzer for cell counts in monolayers. II. Application to toxicity estimation and comparisons between two cell-viability markers, fluorescein diacetate and lactate dehydrogenase.

By using an image-analyzer system, toxicological effects of different substances on nonconfluent cells in monolayers can be assessed. The total number of cells and the number of viable cells are semiautomatically counted. Fluorescein diacetate is used as the viability marker. The method was tested by using monolayers of alveolar macrophages from rabbits exposed to manganese dioxide particles. A dose-response curve was obtained from a series of experiments in which the response at a certain dose level can be obtained from cell-counting procedures of the duration of 1 h. The method can be used as a short-term test, testing potentially toxic substances including cytostatic drugs where the viability should be determined. Another example is further given of the use of this technique. The results obtained from it are compared with estimates of the percentage of viable cells assessed by extracellular lactate dehydrogenase from nonexposed and manganese dioxide particle-exposed monolayers of rabbit alveolar macrophages. The two methods both account well for the theoretical relation when the lactate dehydrogenase activity values are corrected for an inactivation of this enzyme with time.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Two Bacillus PGPB Strains in Wheat and Soybean: Wheat Growth Promotion Without Detectable Rhizosphere Microbiome Restructuring.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are increasingly deployed as biofertilizers, yet the link between an inoculant's genomic potential and its realized effect on the plant is rarely assessed within an integrative framework that jointly captures the rhizosphere microbiome, plant phenotype, and strain genome. Two Bacillus strains-B. halotolerans 1453 and B. pumilus 630-were applied to wheat and soybean in a factorial pot experiment (2 strains &#xd7; 2 application methods &#xd7; 3 frequencies + control, 3-4 replicates). Rhizosphere samples (n = 67 after filtering) were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing with PICRUSt2 functional prediction and compositional validation (Aitchison PERMANOVA, ALDEx2, ANCOM-BC2). The PGPB gene repertoire was characterized by genome mining (481 marker genes, 14 categories). Wheat phenotype (six traits) and soybean height were analyzed with models appropriate for count data (Negative Binomial and binomial GLMs) for treatment-vs.-control comparisons, and with factorial ANOVA for decomposition into main effects and interactions. Crop identity was the dominant factor shaping both microbiome structure and function (PERMANOVA R2 = 14.7% taxonomically and R2 = 7.8% functionally, both p < 0.001), with biologically meaningful taxonomic differences between wheat and soybean; strain, application count and method had no significant effect on community composition (R2 < 4% each), and co-occurrence networks showed no reliable differences between crops once read depth and sample size were controlled for. Despite this neutrality at the microbiome level, inoculation significantly increased wheat spike count (NB-GLM, all 12 treatments vs. control, padj 0.0002-0.031), ear weight, and stem count, with application count the strongest source of variability and a pronounced strain &#xd7; application count. Strain 1453 outperformed 630 in spike count (+23.1%, p = 0.012) and ear weight (+20.4%, p = 0.023); we hypothesize that this may be related to its more complete DNRA pathway (narGHI + nirB-nirD) and biocontrol genes (bacE, srfAA). Strain 630 produced a less pronounced effect than strain 1453 but was subject to smaller fluctuations across replicates (CV &#x2248; 16-21% vs. &#x2248;24-26% for 1453), which may reflect better resilience to environmental fluctuations, possibly due to its confirmed rsbV/rsbW stress-tolerance regulon. Rhizosphere microbiome composition differed clearly by crop (wheat vs. soybean) but showed no detectable response to strain, application method, or application count. Despite this lack of a microbiome signal, inoculation significantly increased wheat spike count and ear weight, with the magnitude and stability of this effect differing by strain. We hypothesize that this strain-dependent difference relates to underlying genomic differences-particularly in nitrogen metabolism (DNRA pathway) and stress-tolerance genes-though this link has not been tested directly and remains a hypothesis for future work.

Triticum↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of low level radioactive metabolites in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with microplate scintillation counting: method validation and application.

TopCount, a microplate scintillation counter (MSC), has been recently employed as an off-line liquid radiochromatographic detector for radioactive metabolite profile analysis. The present study was undertaken to validate TopCount for metabolite profiling with respect to sensitivity, accuracy, precision and radioactivity recovery. Matrix effects of various human samples on TopCount performance and capability of MSC for volatile metabolite analysis were also investigated. TopCount had a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 DPM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 15 DPM for [(14)C]-labeled compounds at a 10min counting time. It was two-fold more sensitive than a liquid scintillation counter (LSC), and 50-100-fold more sensitive than a radioactivity flow detector (RFD). TopCount had comparable accuracy and precision to RFD, and comparable precision to LSC for determining relative abundance of metabolites. Human liver microsome incubation (up to 1 mL), plasma (up to 1 mL), urine (up to 2 mL) and feces (up to 50mg) had no significant quenching effects on TopCount performance. Benzoic acid, a volatile metabolite, was detected by TopCount, but not by Microbeta counter after microplates were dried under vacuum. Radioactivity recovery in HPLC-MSC analysis was reliably determined using an LSC-based method. Examples of using HPLC-MSC for analysis of low levels of radioactive metabolites are presented, including determination of plasma metabolite profile, in vitro reactive metabolites trapped by [(3)H]glutathione, and metabolite concentrations in an enzyme kinetic experiment. The data from this study strongly suggest that HPLC in combination with TopCount is a viable alternative analytical tool for detection and quantification of low levels of radioactive metabolites in biological fluids.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An external-sample liquid scintillation counting for 75Se and its application to selenoprotein detection.

An external-sample liquid scintillation (LS) counting for the gamma emitter 75Se has been developed. An expressly designed well-type LS vial and a 2,5-diphenyoxazole-1,4-bis(5-phenyl-2-oxazoyl)-benzene-xylene solution containing 35% tertrabutylzinn allow 75Se to be counted in a standard LS counter with counting efficiency up to 43.2%, much higher than that of conventional LS counting method. This external sample LS has a good count rate linearity and exhibits low background count rates. After in vivo labeling with [75Se]selenite, 75Se distributions and the Se-containing proteins present in tissues of male rat were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, external-sample LS and gamma-detector. Eight Se-containing proteins or protein subunits were detected to be Se-containing proteins or protein subunits in arterial wall, and their apparent molecular masses (Mr) were 76.4, 67.0, 57.4, 30.3, 25.4, 22.7, 21.7, and 15.1 kDa, respectively. In addition, eight 75Se-labeled proteins (Mr: 66.8, 57.0, 43.1, 30.0, 24.8, 19.8, 18.0, and 14.8 kDa) were found in brain homogenates, and nine 75Se-labeled proteins (Mr: 117.0, 78.0, 66.6, 57.2, 43.0, 38.1, 25.0, 20.1, and 18.0 kDa) were detected in testis homogenates. Some of them should be new biologically important selenoproteins that have not been identified so far.

Animals↗