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Partition of the human cerebellum in sensory-motor activities, learning and cognition.

The circuitry of the cerebellum is quite well understood. The computation takes place in the cerebellar cortex, which functions in synchronized strips to provide excellent timing signals to the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. The cerebellar cortex is also the site where error signals from other parts of the central nervous system are incorporated. For voluntary limb movements the cerebellar cortex is important for the timing of the innervation of the agonist and antagonist anterior horn neurons. It is also important for the temporal order of and precision in the execution of motor programs. As will be apparent, the cerebellum is not only a computer taking care of motor programs.

Cerebellum↗

Abnormal neuronal ionic flux activity: learning paradigms of schizophrenic thought disorders.

New developments in biological psychiatry have prompted the development of our pathophysiological theory of the etiology of schizophrenic thought disorders. We suggest that the presence of brain bionic lesions may produce microneuropathies in certain neuronal electrical pathways, leading to abnormal biological communication. These blockages force the rerouting of incoming electric signals through bypass pathways which divert the message from target to non-target neurons for decoding and integration. Using this model, we were able to link specific schizophrenic disturbances to different types of brain bionic lesion effects. This model should be further investigated to facilitate the understanding of the nature and origin of schizophrenic disorders and to stimulate further interest in this fascinating field.

Brain↗

Promoting active learning in large lecture classes.

Changes in healthcare systems challenge nurse educators to prepare students for roles as effective care managers in collaborative practice models in hospital and community settings. Instructional strategies that foster student initiative, clinical decision-making skills, and competence with interpersonal communications are presented for a large undergraduate class to be taught by one faculty member.

Clinical Competence↗

Helping students to begin hospital field placements: an active learning approach.

Hospitals are high impact settings that tend to exacerbate the student anxieties which are normally associated with beginning field placement. Even though they are experiencing stress, incoming students are challenged to begin to learn in several different areas simultaneously. A carefully planned orientation can help students cope with the stress of beginning while absorbing needed new information. This paper describes an orientation strategy that utilized knowledge of how adults learn. Students were provided with written orientation objectives designed to enable guided independence in learning.

Adult↗