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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Use of the Mollon-Reffin minimalist color vision test with young children.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the Mollon-Reffin Minimalist (M-R M) color vision test to determine how successfully young children can perform the task and to compare success rates with the American Optical Hardy Rand Rittler (HRR) test and a preferential-looking type test based on the F2 plates (the Pease-Allen color test [PACT]). METHODS: Participants included 146 children (aged 3-10 years) and 32 older subjects (aged 11-39 years). The M-R M test uses 3 series of colored caps coinciding with protan, deutan, and tritan confusion axes, with 6 saturations along each axis. The observer must identify a single colored cap from gray caps of varying lightness. The PACT test consists of 2 cards with targets for detecting red-green and blue-yellow color deficiencies. The tester judges the location of the target on the basis of the child's looking and/or pointing responses. The HRR was performed according to standard instructions, although a more flexible scoring protocol was also used. RESULTS: A significant difference in the children's performance between the "test" item of the 3 tasks emerged (Cochran Q test, P<.001): all children successfully completed the M-R M, 90% successfully completed the PACT, and 88% successfully completed the HRR. Few errors were made on the M-R M red-green series, even among children aged 3 to 4 years, although errors were made with the least saturated blue-yellow cap at all ages. Recommendations are made for the use of the M-R M with children. CONCLUSIONS: The M-R M test can be performed by young children and may prove to be especially useful for detecting and monitoring acquired color vision defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Determination of far vision with DIN 58220 (criterion 6/10): computer vision test with high resolution monitor in comparison with vision charts].

BACKGROUND: The results of nearly automated computerized determination of visual acuity by PC are compared to those of card measurements. The introduction of a new measuring technique should not change the dimension--visual acuity--itself, therefore there should be no difference between the results of the conventional technique and those of the PC. METHODS: Both methods were tested in a group of subjects (N = 100) with vision between 0.1-2.5. The nearly automated technique was developed and established by our department. Like the conventional method it keeps strictly to the DIN rates. For DIN-criterion we chose for the benefit of high reproducibility 6/10. RESULTS: In spite of some deficiencies in the presentation of the Landoltrings on the monitor, our analysis presents a surprisingly good correspondence between the results of the two methods. In the analysis, we are not comparing arithmetic mean values. Instead, we examine the individual difference between the two methods in acuity steps and its these distribution within the group of subjects. No statistically provable difference can be detected. This is valid for both single visual acuity and for visual line acuity, which can also be tested with the computer aided method. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the PC proves to be an equivalent method to the measurement with cards. Thus, it is suitable for the use in daily routine of vision examination with the advantage, that the investigator has less influence on the outcome of the test.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Validity of the Holmes-Wright lantern as a color vision test for the rail industry.

A simulated field test was designed to determine whether the Holmes-Wright A lantern (HWA) is a valid color vision test for the rail industry. The simulation replicated viewing rail signal lights at 0.8 km distance under daylight conditions. Using the worst-normal as the maximum number of allowable errors on the simulation, 94% of the color-defectives failed both tests on the first trial and 92% failed at the second session. The HWA had a higher false negative rate than a false alarm rate. The majority of individuals who had discrepancies on the two tests were mild deutans. Results from the Ishihara test were marginally better at predicting performance on the simulation.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1984

The effect of restricted viewing time on the performance of colour defectives using the City University Colour Vision Test.

The effect of restricting viewing time to 3.75 ms on the performance of seven red/green colour defectives is studied using the City University Colour Vision Test. One further subject who was screened as colour-defective but not classified on the City plates was studied in the same way and results for this subject are presented separately. The results are compared to those for normal observers who exhibit a tritan-classified defect when viewing time is restricted to 3.75 ms.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosing protan heterozygosity using the Medmont C-100 colour vision test.

BACKGROUND: A surprisingly high 15 per cent of women in Caucasian societies are carriers of the genes for abnormal colour vision but there is no clinical method to identify them. It has long been known that heterozygotes for the protan colour vision deficiencies can demonstrate a reduced luminous sensitivity to red light. This is known as Schmidt's sign, which is thought to arise from mosaicism (Lyonisation). The Medmont C-100 colour vision test measures relative spectral sensitivity using flicker photometry to differentiate protans and deutans. It should be able to diagnose Schmidt's sign. METHOD: We tested six known protan heterozygotes (four whose sons have a protan colour vision deficiency and two whose fathers are protan) with the Medmont C-100 test. RESULTS: All six heterozygotes made average settings of -1.75 or more negative at the Medmont C-100 test, settings which are at or beyond the boundary of the distribution of settings made by observers with normal colour vision. There have been two previous cases reported in the literature of protan heterozygotes, who made protan settings on the Medmont C-100 or its predecessor test, the OSCAR. We also tested six daughters of the known heterozygotes, 50 per cent of whom are likely to be heterozygotes. Four of the six (66 per cent) made protan settings on the Medmont C-100. The other two made normal 0.0 settings. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Medmont C-100 can be used clinically to diagnose carriers of protan colour vision deficiency.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1997

Color vision tests for early detection of antiepileptic drug toxicity.

A previous suggestion that antiepileptic drugs may induce color vision deficiencies prompted us to examine whether color vision deficiencies may occur at lower drug serum concentrations than those associated with symptoms of neurotoxicity. Eighty patients presenting with epilepsy received monotherapies of valproic acid, phenytoin, or carbamazepine; 18 patients did not receive antiepileptic drug therapy. Color vision was tested by the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, spectral sensitivity, and the newly developed tritan screening plates. Patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine developed blue-yellow color vision deficiencies. In contrast, patients exposed to valproic acid or receiving no drug treatment showed normal color vision. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.0001) between signs of neurotoxicity induced by phenytoin or carbamazepine and blue-yellow color vision deficiencies. In contrast, we found no correlation between these signs of neurotoxicity and the drug serum concentrations (p = 0.0637). Color vision testing in epileptic patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine appears to be a sensitive method for early detection and monitoring of clinical neurotoxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

13C breath tests: visions and realities.

Breath tests have been used in research laboratories for over 25 y. Originally, the tests were based on the use of (14)C, rather than on the nonradioactive isotope, (13)C. When (13)C became widely available at a reasonable cost, research groups in the United States and Europe developed methodologies to measure (13)C abundance in samples of CO(2). The tests used a variety of substrates and measured pancreatic function, fat absorption, bacterial overgrowth and P(450) mixed-function oxidase. Thus far, the only test to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration is the (13)C-urea breath test. This manuscript describes the process by which approval is gained, and indicates the steps necessary for other tests to receive Food and Drug Administration approval.

Breath Tests↗