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PubMed1991

Wellness motivation in cardiac rehabilitation.

Lack of patient adherence to prescribed regimens is a fundamental problem in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A causative factor in lack of patient adherence may be related to failure to address differences in individual health behavior motivation in cardiac rehabilitation. A group of 52 patients who had had myocardial infarction were sampled to test the relationship between social support systems, health locus of control, health value orientations, and wellness motivation. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated significant positive correlations between health locus of control variables, health value orientation variations, and wellness motivation. Health locus of control and health value orientation variables entered into a multiple regression equation to explain 32% of the variation in wellness motivation. Awareness of individual motivational responses that influence health behaviors in cardiac rehabilitation may enable nurses to develop intervention strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease who would benefit from modifying their risk-producing life-styles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating health and mental health: opportunities in undergraduate health programs.

A common goal of mental health professionals is to increase the degree of integration of mental health within the primary health care system. Achieving interpretation of mental health within the larger health care system requires teaching diagnostic and treatment skills, as well as a value orientation which ascribes greater importance to mental health and mental health problems. Teaching a new value orientation is best introduced early in one's educational career rather than postponing such intervention until post-graduate medical residency programs. Results of a survey are presented which indicate the variable mental health content included in undergraduate health related programs. The goal of greater integration between mental health and health can clearly be furthered by beginning to teach this critical value orientation in undergraduate health programs.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1989

[Value clarification as a teaching method].

Values clarification as a teaching method is a very new concept in nursing education. Since values underlie all ethical decision making, it is not possible to divorce ourselves from looking at our value orientation, as well as at the value orientation of those with whom we work, of our families and of society, as we confront different issues. The values clarification model generally used for values clarification is: Choosing/Prizing/Acting. Values clarification has to be a rational process. In this article a number of exercises are explained which can be used in nursing education to help the nursing student to clarify some of her values.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In pursuit of commitment. Hiring executives who share the ministry's values.

A major concern for religious-sponsored healthcare facilities is securing top administrative personnel who are both professionally competent and committed to the religious institute's mission. One process to identify such individuals involves defining the organization's priorities; establishing a search committee; assessing value-oriented credentials; and selecting the value-driven executive. Identifying persons who share the organization's values is a two-part process involving the résumé and the formal interview. The Résumé Evaluation Form attempts to identify a candidate's value orientation in three areas: knowledge of, experience with, and implementation of Catholic culture. The Interview Analysis Form explores other areas, such as whether the candidate speaks the organization's "language," the individual's underlying motivation for seeking employment in a Catholic organization, and what issues, projects, or concerns engender passion in the candidate. After the interview, the committee should discuss and interpret the scores and perceptions of each committee member and assign a numerical ranking for each candidate. In addition to the numerical ranking, the committee should assess the candidate's personal characteristics, values, and priorities.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2002

Applied ethics in mental health in Cuba: part I--guiding concepts and values.

As part of a project on professionals' lived experience of ethics, this article explores the guiding concepts and values concerning ethics of mental health professionals in Cuba. The data, obtained through individual interviews and focus groups with 28 professionals, indicate that Cubans conceptualize applied ethics in terms of its central role in professional practice and its connection to the social context and subjective processes. Findings also show that Cuban professionals are guided not only by a set of professional values but by a set of civic values as well. The former are subdivided into other-oriented values and self-oriented values. The study of ethics in another culture such as Cuba offers a unique point of view from which to critique the social construction of our own conceptions of applied ethics in North America.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1994

Nursing for change: the orientations and values of Project 2000 diploma and undergraduate nursing students.

The introduction of pre-registration nursing degree and diploma programmes in the United Kingdom has provoked considerable scrutiny of a range of issues such as funding arrangements, links between colleges of nursing and midwifery and higher education and the impact of the new courses on education and service provision. Less attention has been devoted to the changing orientations and values of diploma and undergraduate students during their courses of study. The parallel commencement in 1991 of 3-year undergraduate and diploma programmes in Leicestershire provided an opportunity to chart the changing orientations (personal, political, ethical, professional and academic) of two cohorts of students matched by age, gender and branch programme. Research is being undertaken, a primary aim of which is to assess the changes that occur in these orientations over time and to relate these to the educational progression of the students through successive phases of their respective courses. The focus of the research concerns the student's personal experience and developing insights into health, nursing and care delivery. This paper seeks to provide an overview of the literature relevant to the study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Skills for selecting valued leaders. Eastern Mercy Health System takes a nine-step approach to choosing managers.

Catholic healthcare facilities seek skilled leaders who can adapt to the organization's culture. Eastern Mercy Health System, Radnor, PA, has developed an educational course, Selecting Valued Leaders, that teaches interviewers selection skills on the basis of the organization's values and mission. The course covers four major topics. The first is building culture. Each participant examines his or her organization's history, communication styles, organizational behavior, and mission. Next, course participants discuss the competencies necessary for a leader's success. Eastern Mercy Health System has identified the following six competency clusters essential for its values-oriented leaders: empower people, steward resources, integrate values, act as advocate, support sponsor's priorities, and maintain Catholic identity. The third part of the course covers a nine-step approach for selecting values-oriented leaders. Participants discuss topics such as the search committee, job description, search strategy, and job offer. In the final section of the course, participants sharpen their selection skills. They review appropriate interview procedures and discuss open-ended questions to ask the candidate.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1986

Unemployment and its impact on adolescent work values.

This study examines the impact of unemployment on the work values orientation of adolescents. Using Super's (1970) Work Values Inventory, data were collected from 187 youths residing in a large midwestern city in the United States. Youths from families where the head of household had been unemployed for more than one year prior to the time of the study were compared to youths from a working-family environment. The findings of this study show little difference between work values orientation of youths from unemployed and employed families. The only variable which did prove to be significantly different settings appear to is "esthetics" (p less than .05), i.e., youths from unemployed settings appear to value new experiences and outlets for their abilities more than do youths of the comparison group.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Public perceptions of risk to forest biodiversity.

This study examines the perceived risks to forest biodiversity and perceived effectiveness of biodiversity conservation strategies among the general public. It tests the hypotheses that perceived risk to forest biodiversity is influenced by cognitive factors (value orientation and knowledge) and social-cultural factors (such as gender and environmental membership) and that risk perceptions influence other cognitive constructs such as support for natural resource policy and management. Data were collected from a sample of the general public (n= 596) in British Columbia, Canada by mail survey in 2001. Results show that insects and disease were perceived as the greatest risk. Educating the public and industry about biodiversity issues was perceived as a more effective conservation strategy than restricting human uses of the forest. Value orientation was a better predictor of perceptions of risk and perceived effectiveness of conservation strategies than knowledge indicators or social-cultural variables. Examining the indirect effects of social-cultural variables, however, revealed that value orientation may amplify the effect of these variables and suggests that alternative paths of influence should be included. Perceived risk showed an inconsistent association with perceived effectiveness of conservation strategies.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1978

Culture conflict and coping in a group of aboriginal adolescents.

Critical incidents adapted to presentation in picture form were used to investigate responses of Aboriginal adolescents from Elcho Island mission in the Northern Territory of Australia in conflict situations arising from culture contact. These Aboriginal youths are part of a complex environment where choice behaviour is mediated by specific and broader situational characteristics of the social environment. Results showed a relationship between conflict responses and orientation to traditional values and skills, but no apparent relationship between conflict responses and modern value orientation or psychopathology variables. Adolescents who attended high school in Darwin were seen as more mission and academically oriented than locally educated youth. Contary to expected patterns, males appeared to be less involved in both mission and traditional activities and more restricted by traditional social expectations than were females.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Ethics in clinical nursing supervision--an introduction to the theory and practice of different supervision models.

In clinical nursing supervision there are many complex ethical problems. This paper gives an answer to the question of what different clinical supervision models are available, explored from an ethical point of view. Four tentative ethically oriented supervision models, more or less related to the clinical supervision models, were found: decision-making oriented, case-oriented, principle-oriented and value-oriented. Questions of ethical issues and dilemmas related to the clinical supervision process have been addressed specifically to nurse clinical supervisors. It is interesting to note that the three dilemmas found in this study are related to the relationship between supervisor and supervisee. Clinical nursing supervision is an ongoing systematic process that encourages and supports both improved professional and improved administrative practice. In this process the nurse clinical supervisor is committed in her/his role to compromise and to take responsibility for the supervisee's professional development.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Regionalization of human resources. SCHCS healthcare facilities collaborate to head off labor shortages.

Shortages of healthcare personnel become more pronounced each year. Effective human resource strategies are therefore important to facilities' success. The Sisters of Charity Health Care Systems (SCHCS), Cincinnati, is meeting the labor shortage head-on through collaborative regionalization among its facilities. Regionalization develops an integrated continuum of care on local and regional bases, helps SCHCS members avoid duplication of services, and ensures communities' future access to care by spreading financial risk among partners. SCHCS human resource personnel encourage employees to stay within the organization if they must relocate or are looking for career advancement. Members use a systemswide brochure to recruit nurses and allied health professionals. To attract employees from outside SCHCS, human resource personnel join forces at trade association conferences, job fairs, and school career days. SCHCS human resource personnel recruit and select values-oriented employees. Values-based human resource guidelines provide a framework for SCHCS members to assess how effectively the core values and mission are demonstrated in policies, programs, procedures, behaviors, and culture.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Contrasting experiences with child health care services by mothers and professional caregivers in transitional housing.

The study examined experiences of mothers and health care providers with preventive child health care services using qualitative methods at a primary care clinic located in transitional housing for homeless families in an urban community with predominantly Black American residents. Participants were 20 mothers and 4 health care professionals. Three major domains emerged: (a). the infrastructure of the clinic and health care delivery poses barriers to mothers' access and use of services for their children; (b). specialized, biomedical-driven care produces fragmented care delivery not responsive to the comprehensive nature of problems of mothers and their children; and (c). organizational strategies for improving access and use of health care services are directed by health care providers' value orientations. Findings support existence of infrastructural characteristics of the health care system that maintains differential value orientations and power structure, and care delivery processes that are non responsive to racially diverse and poor mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surface organization of orientation and direction selectivity in cat area 18.

Two-dimensional maps of orientation and direction preference were made in area 18 of the cat's visual cortex using multiple electrode penetrations 150-300 micron apart. The maps were then analyzed by autocorrelation and Fourier transformation. The power spectrum of the orientation map was sharply peaked below the theoretical cutoff frequency for the sampling function (the pattern of electrode penetrations) used to obtain the map. This suggested that it would be possible to interpolate orientation values between the sample points in the cortex. This was done and the resulting fine-grain maps of orientation preference were studied. Empirical testing showed that the interpolated orientation values were accurate to within +/- 30 degrees. Study of the fine-grain maps showed that iso-orientation domains for broad orientation ranges (0 degrees-90 degrees) were branching bands running from an anterolateral to a posteromedial direction across the surface of the cortex with a periodicity of 1.25 +/- 0.13 mm. Domains for smaller orientation ranges (0 degrees-30 degrees) were periodically spaced, but somewhat irregularly shaped patches. The orientation maps contained numerous point singularities where orientation changed discontinuously. These were spaced about 750 micron apart and most were surrounded by a single 180 degrees cycle of orientations. Autocorrelation analysis of the maps of preferred direction revealed local clustering that extended over a distance of 250-300 micron, but spectral analysis failed to reveal any evidence of periodicity. The absence of periodicity was probably due to a relatively large number of 180 degrees reversals in the map of direction preference, which do not affect the continuity of the orientation map and are not sufficiently numerous to destroy local continuity in the direction map. It is shown that the direction map, if it is to be as continuous as possible, must nevertheless contain lines across which direction preference reverses by 180 degrees. These lines run from one orientation singularity to another. Evidence that the direction map approaches this degree of continuity is presented.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Hippocampal pyramidal cell disarray in schizophrenia as a bilateral phenomenon.

In a continuing quantitative study of hippocampal cell orientation in schizophrenic subjects and nonschizophrenic control subjects, a pattern of right hemispheric cell disorganization in schizophrenic subjects, as robust as that previously described in the left hemisphere, was shown. The study was based on tissue from 11 schizophrenic and seven approximately age-matched control subjects from a Veterans Administration Medical Center. Using a new measuring technique that proved complementary and superior to the method formerly used, we determined the axes of orientation for approximately 10,800 neurons. A significant difference in cell disorganization was found between schizophrenic and control subjects. From separate analyses of the interface zones among the various hippocampal cell sectors, this difference was found to be significant at the interfaces between cornu ammonis zones 1 and 2 and zones 2 and 3. Analysis of the pattern of disorganization numbers suggests a bimodal distribution in which the cell orientation values of one group of schizophrenic subjects overlap those of the nonschizophrenic control group, while the cell orientation values of a second group significantly exceed those of the control population. Although some recent studies have suggested that schizophrenia may be related exclusively to the left hemisphere, the results of this study indicate that schizophrenia-related structural changes involve the right hemisphere as well. Thus, schizophrenia may be a bilateral rather than unilateral disorder.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The need for evidence-based health policy to address health care variations.

Medicare policy making now deals mostly with price-setting issues. However, as Warren Buffet has noted: "Price is what you pay. Value is what you get." Victor Fuchs's studies raise fundamental issues for a value-oriented Medicare program. Florida offers one of many regional patterns of Medicare mortality that are not yet adequately explained. Valued-oriented, evidence-based Medicare policies would target opportunities to improve population health and would foster greater use of evidence-based medicine.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1991

On the advantages of cross-culture psychotherapy: the minority therapist/mainstream patient dyad.

The personal quality of the therapist is a key element in therapy. In the case of the minority therapist, the difference in language and cultural background offers the patient unique benefits. Value orientations amongst cultures are similar enough for the minority therapist to acculturate. Through acculturation, the therapist becomes aware of a new set of value orientations. This cultural objectivity better enables the therapist to help the mainstream patient to see alternatives in coping with stresses of life, and to fortify the patient's adaptive skills. Because Western psychiatry and psychotherapy are culture-bound, mainstream therapists may easily be "culturally addicted," whereas a minority therapist can maintain cultural neutrality. Advantages discussed include language independence, culture independence, positive transference and analogous experiences.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Limit values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of children's playgrounds--basic criteria and recommendations].

Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAK) are often found in the soil of former waste disposal sites, industrial areas, etc. It is desirable and useful to determine orientation values to facilitate and unify the evaluation of contaminations under the aspects of present or planned uses of an area, health protection and decision-making on remedial measures. In the present paper we wish to draw attention to, and discuss problems resulting from, particular characteristics of PAK, e.g. the toxicological property "complete carcinogens" or the necessity of taking into account oral, inhalative and dermal exposure of children on a playground. Based on the discussion, orientation values for benzo[a]pyrene and PAK ("normal" pattern) of 0.5 mg/kg soil and 5 mg/kg soil, respectively, are recommended for top soil of vegetation-free playgrounds. In comparison, deductions carried out by other working groups are presented.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗