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[Changes in antiproteolytic activity in the blood and cervical mucus after superovulation stimulation].

The function of proteins, peptides, proteases and inhibitors of proteases in modulations of regulation mechanisms of gonadotrophins during the development of ovarian folicles has not been fully explained up to now. We can see difference reactions of ewes to superovulation stimulations in oestrous and anoestrous periods as shown by the variation of the antiproteolytic activity of blood plasma and cervical mucus. Trypsin is used as a model for serine protease, and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) was measured from the reduced rate of trypsin hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide (TAPA, Bartík et al., 1974). Full hydrolytic activity was determined as a change in absorbency at 405 nm = 1.0 after ten-minute incubation at 25 degrees C and pH = 8.1, and inhibition was expressed in percentage of full activity. Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t-test. Twenty-three ewes in anoestrus and twenty-eight ewes in oestrus were included in this experiment. They were of the Slovak Merino breed, two to three years old, with the mean live weight of thirty to forty kg. The ewes were treated with Ageline vaginal sponges (20 mg chlorsuperlutin/sponge) to provide for synchronization of ovarian activity, in the interval of eleven to twelve days. After removal of sponges, the ewes were stimulated for superovulation as shown in Tab. I. Heparinized blood plasma samples were stored at -25 degrees C. Low molecular TIA activities were determined in HClO4--treated blood plasma. Samples of cervical mucus were taken on cotton-wool tampons which were evaluated in 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.1. Figs. 1-6 shows TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus on particular days. Fig. 7 shows the mean values of controls (I-initial) after synchronization (A) and after stimulation (S). TIA changes were different in anoestrous and oestrous periods. Differences in TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus in oestrous period suggested certain local regulation mechanisms of synthesis and/or secretion of this activity in the cervix. Some values of TIA were maximum at the time of expected heat or ovulation and may be some of the factor(s) which influenced fertility of females after superovulation stimulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the hypothalamus and adjacent ependyma after hormonal stimulation of the ovaries in ewes].

Superovulation treatment leaves alternations in the controlling regions of the hypothalamus and in the adjacent ependyme after ovulation. The test ewes were synchronized with Agelin (20 mg chlorsuperlutin in one vaginal sponge) and stimulated (after the removal of the sponges) with 750 IU PMSG + 750 IU HCG and with 1000 IU HCG and 750 IU PMSG + 5 ml Antisergon (goat antiserum against PMSG), administered 68 hours after PMSG (i.e. 40 hours after HCG). The control ewes were in different stages of the ovarial cycle. The experimental ewes were killed 120 to 130 hours after the start of stimulation. Routine histological techniques were used to treat the brain samples; this treatment was followed by assessment under light microscope. The ependyme epithelium of the third cerebral chamber was studied under scanning microscope. Preparations with different FSH:LH ratios had different effects on the nucleus ventromedialis. Antisergon administration influenced the secretion of NPV (prevented persistent stimulation), which was observed after administration of PMSG + HCG. On the surface of the lower part of the third cerebral chamber the administration of Antisergon slowed the formation of the miniblebs. Supraependyme cells disappeared after stimulation for superovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adolescent contraception: an update.

Increased adolescent sexual activity in the past decade has resulted in corresponding increases in pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, as well as a changing spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases. Contraceptive use in this age group remains limited and is subject to developmental, peer, family, and cultural influences. The most appropriate contraceptive methods may differ among adolescents when compared with older parous women based upon such factors as efficacy, availability, cost, side effects, reversibility, and the need for preplanning. This review updates changes in patterns of contraceptive use among adolescents, presents recent data on both the benefits and the potential risks of the oral contraceptive pill, and addresses the risk of complications with the intrauterine device. The possible teratogenicity of spermicides, the risk of toxic shock syndrome with barrier methods of contraception, and controversy about the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate are explored. Newly introduced methods such as the triphasic pill, vaginal sponge, cervical cap, spermicidal condom, and a simplified approach to postcoital contraception are discussed. Finally, recent compliance studies conducted among adolescents are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Simultaneous determination of LH activity in blood serum of sheep during three synchronized oestrous cycles by Bio and Ria method.

LH activity has been in 6 Merino sheep by means of the biological (Bio) and radioimmunological (RIA) test during three subsequent synchronized oestrous cycles. The vaginal sponges were impregnated with 30 mg chlormadinone acetate. The results obtained by the two afore mentioned methods are similar. Oestrous appeared in the average within 96 hours after removal of the sponges. The first increase of LH activity (Bio) was found to occur within 48--72 hours after removal of the sponges (270--400 IU/100 ml serum), the second increase within 15--16 days (450-570 IU/100 ml) and the third within further 16 days (390--590 IU/100 ml serum). The values obtained in the first oestrous cycle by RIA showed an LH peak within 62--110 hours after removal of the sponges (75--90 ng/ml in the second oestrous cycle 86--135 ng/ml and in the third one 58--60 ng/ml serum. In three animals no LH peak could be observed during the first, second or third oestrous cycle. The failure to prove LH peaks in three sheep during different phases of the oestrous cycles is explained by the fact that the synchronization led to heat which, however, did not result in fertile ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Changes in ovarian activity after superovulation treatment in sheep].

Serine proteases are involved in a number of biological processes requiring degradation of intracellular matrices in tissue growing and its rebuilding. These are situations during the growth and maturing of ovarian follicles and their conversion into corpus luteum. Trypsin activity of similar serine proteases are controlled by their inhibitors whose synthesis and secretion is regulated by endocrine, paracrine as well as autocrine mechanisms. The fertility in natural ovarian cycle is ensured by the balance between a number of factors. After superovulatory stimulations this balance is impaired to a different degree. The presented study has been aimed at the investigations of the effect of various combinations of serum gonadotropins (PMSG, Antex Leo, Denmark), choriongonadotropins (hCG, Praedyn, Léciva Praha, CR), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, Foliocotropin, Spofa, Léciva Praha, CR) and anti-PMSG (goats antiserum against PMSG, Bioveta Ivanovice, CR) administered in the oestrum period after synchronization (12 days) by Agelin vaginal sponges (20 mg of chlorosuperlutine per animal; Galena Komárov, SR) on changes of some reproduction characteristics in ovaries and levels of catecholamines in follicular fluid. Changes in the ovarian weight were statistically significant in groups after administration of combined PMSG + hCG (750 + 750 IU; p < 0.01), PMSG + hCG + anti-PMSG (750 + 750 + 5 ml; p < 0.02) doses of hormones and FSH (2 x 80 + 2 x 80 + 1 x 40 + 1 x 40 IU; p < 0.01) during 4 days. Average numbers of prominating follicles and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) values of their follicular fluid (FT) were influenced by LH component of stimulating hormones what was, on the contrary, manifested as by occurrence of the category of follicles over 10 mm as by their significantly higher TIA FT (p < 0.01). In as much as mean values of TIA blood plasma which were on average 10 times lower than in FT, were changed in a different way, it is supposed that synthesis and secretion of TIA in FT is affected by local mechanisms (Gosden et al., 1988; Smokovitis et al., 1988; Monget et al., 1996). It follows from studies of the used hormonal preparations on levels of catecholamines in ovine follicular fluid that DA and NE concentrations changed in dependence on the superovulatory stimulation used. Administration of PMSG (1000 IU) resulted in significant decrease of DA levels (p < 0.01) and EPI (p < 0.05) in ovine follicular fluid. Anti-PMSG serum application partially modified the DA and EPI levels to those of the control group. After hormonal stimulation by PMSG and hCG different effect has been observed. Antisergon application after the given combination of hormones had no effect on the EPI and NE levels in ovine follicular fluid but resulted in the increase of DA content (p < 0.05). The most conspicuous effect on the catecholamine level in follicular fluid was induced by FSH after which follows a marked increase of DA (p < 0.01) and NE (p < 0.01) levels. Similar significant effect of FSH on the change of catecholamine levels and on MAO activity in reproductory organs of sheep and in regulatory regions of reproduction were recorded in our previous contributions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Method of growing vaginal mucosal cells on a collagen sponge matrix. Results of preliminary studies.

A method of obtaining and growing vaginal mucosal epithelial cells in culture on plastic and on a collagen sponge was developed. The results indicate that simultaneous culture of skin and vaginal epithelial cells from the same donor showed morphologically similar growth potential in culture on plastic and on a collagen sponge. Vaginal cells grown on a collagen sponge formed elongated clumps of cells similar to those observed for skin epithelial cells. The results suggest that vaginal cells grown in culture on a collagen matrix may be a suitable biomaterial for use in reconstructive surgery on women with the Rokitansky syndrome or in those who have had a malignancy.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

Fungal vulvovaginitis.

Fungal vulvovaginitis remains one of the most frequent conditions affecting the lower genital tract. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition have improved our ability to treat recurrent or persistent cases. More clinical data have become available on the optimal duration of treatment with some of the newer antifungal agents.

Antifungal Agents↗