Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Uvea”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Presence and actions of vasopressin-like peptides in the rabbit anterior uvea.

The presence of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity (VP-IR) in the rabbit eye was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. Trigeminal nerve denervation resulted in a significant and selective decrease in the levels of VP-IR in the iris sphincter muscle and the cornea. The isolated iris sphincter muscle contracted in response to low concentrations of [Arg8]vasopressin (AVP) and related peptides. The V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, potently inhibited the contractile responses to AVP. AVP was found to induce an increase in the accumulation of inositol phosphates in the iris sphincter muscle but not in the dilator/ciliary body preparation in vitro. The present investigation demonstrates the presence of VP-IR in the rabbit eye and that this substance may be another sensory nerve-derived mediator acting on specific target sites in the anterior uvea.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Immunoactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the rat eye: molecular forms in anterior uvea and retina.

Acid extracts of rat anterior uvea and retina contain immunoactive atrial natriuretic peptide. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrates that the major forms of the uveal and retinal material have approximate molecular weights of 2400 and 1750 daltons respectively, similar in size to the hypothalamic form of the peptide but clearly distinguishable from the larger, cardiac form. When further analyzed by RP-HPLC, the immunoactive material from both ocular tissues elutes at a position similar to atrial natriuretic peptide-28, again distinguishing the ocular and cardiac forms of immunoactive material. These results suggest potential roles for atrial natriuretic peptide both in ocular vegetative physiology and in retinal function.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Re-evaluation of "reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the uvea": an immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 10 cases.

OBJECTIVE: Cases of uveal lymphoid proliferation previously classified as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) were studied to correlate pathologic features with clinical outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Ten cases of RLH of the uvea on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology with sufficient formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for analysis. METHODS: Clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) characteristics of uveal lymphoid proliferations were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and PCR characteristics of study cases. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 40 to 73 years at time of enucleation, with a mean age of 55 years. Retinal detachment was noted clinically in nine patients and glaucoma in eight. All patients were treated with enucleation, and three received radiotherapy. Histologically, two cases were interpreted as RLH and eight were well-differentiated small-cell lymphoma (WDSCL). Systemic lymphoid infiltrate developed in two patients, but there were no deaths with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years. Mature lymphocytes were noted in the iris and angle structures; the atypical cells of uveal lymphoma were found in the choroid and ciliary body. Eight cases were monoclonal by B-cell and T-cell markers and/or immunoglobulin light chain restriction. Amplifiable DNA was present in 6 of 10 cases by PCR. Three cases monoclonal by cell markers were also monoclonal by PCR, but two cases monoclonal by cell markers could not be confirmed by PCR. Lymphoid follicles with germinal centers were found in two cases of RLH and five cases of WDSCL. Nine specimens demonstrated extraocular lymphoid involvement of the episclera and orbit; most appeared more benign morphologically than the choroidal infiltrates. Extraocular infiltrates of WDSCL were monoclonal by immunohistochemistry in five cases, polyclonal in one case, and indeterminate in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases (8 of 10) previously described as RLH were low-grade B-cell lymphomas histologically and by immunohistochemistry. PCR results agreed with histologic diagnosis in four of six cases. Open-angle glaucoma was common and related mostly to lymphocytic infiltration of the angle structures. Extraocular involvement is common but may not be representative of the choroidal lesion. Prognosis is excellent in low-grade uveal lymphoid neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of T-lymphocytes in the anterior uvea of eyes with chronic equine recurrent uveitis.

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), a chronic, recurrent inflammation primarily of the anterior uveal tract, is the most common cause of blindness in horses. Recently, T-lymphocytes have been found to be the most numerous cell type to infiltrate the anterior uveal of horses with ERU. In the present study, we characterized the T-lymphocyte population in the anterior uveal tract of eyes of horses with chronic ERU by evaluating the microscopic appearance (histopathologic features), the T-lymphocyte subsets, and the relative levels and amounts of T-lymphocyte cytokine mRNA in the anterior uvea. Seven inflamed eyes (from six horses with chronic ERU) and 5 normal eyes (from five horses with nonocular problems) were studied. After clinical examination, the eyes were removed, ocular fluids were aspirated, and anterior uveal tissues (iris and ciliary body) were processed for histologic and molecular (RNA isolation) analyses. Histologic examination by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and immunohistochemistry evaluating T-lymphocyte subsets (anti-CD4, CD8, CD5) were performed for each sample. RNA samples were analyzed for levels of messenger (m) RNA specific for interleukin (IL)-2, 4, and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Eyes with ERU exhibited characteristic clinical signs, including corneal edema, aqueous flare, posterior synechia, corpora nigra degeneration, and cataract formation. Histologically, infiltration of the uveal tract with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages was most evident in the ciliary body and base of the iris. Loss of tissue structure (destruction) was most evident in the ciliary processes. Infiltrating lymphocytes were predominantly CD4+ T-cells (e.g. 48% CD4+ and 18% CD8+ in the ciliary body stroma), as determined by immunohistochemistry. Few inflammatory cells were observed in the normal eyes. The QRT-PCR results revealed increased transcription of IL-2 and IFNgamma and low IL-4 mRNA expression in eyes with chronic ERU compared to normal eyes, demonstrating a Thelper (Th) 1-like inflammatory response in eyes with ERU.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Contrast-enhanced MRT of malignant melanoma of the uvea].

Twenty-one patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea or iris, some with intra-ocular bleeding, were examined by MRT before and after the administration of Gd/DTPA. In 13 patients, several examinations were performed over a period of 1.5 to 20 months after irradiation of the melanoma. After Gd-DTPA there was an average increase of 13% in the signal intensity from all non-irradiated melanomas (17 cases). Three months following radiation therapy, there was an average increase in signal intensity after Gd-DTPA of 65.7%, and after seven months of 100%. Amelanotic melanomas (two cases) showed a primary increase in intensity of 100%. Two melanomas of the iris were demonstrated by sonography; of these, only one could be shown with certainty by MRT. Small tumours and tumour residues after irradiation were better defined after contrast. In the presence of suspected intra-ocular bleeding, the examination should always be performed after the administration of Gd-DTPA.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Plasmacytoma of the uvea in a case of multiple myeloma.

A case of plasmacytoma in the uvea, both clinically and grossly anatomically mimicking a malignant melanoma, is described in a 63-year-old man who died from multiple myeloma. This is an extremely rare condition in the eye. Only one report of a similar tumour has been found in the literature.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical investigation of the distribution of immunoglobulins G, A and M within the anterior uvea of the normal equine eye.

Distribution of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes G, A and M within the anterior uvea of eight clinically normal equine eyes was examined using indirect immunoperoxidase labelling. Increased staining intensity of stromal IgG and IgA was observed within the ciliary processes, the iris stroma being relatively free of immunoglobulin. This may reflect anatomical variation in the permeability of the uveal microvasculature to lipid insoluble plasma macro-molecules. Intracellular IgG and IgA were observed within the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium in seven and four of the eight eyes respectively, although wide variation between numbers of Ig bearing cells in each eye was noted. It was suggested that these cells may have a role in the removal of Ig from the posterior chamber aqueous. Plasma cells, of IgG isotype, were observed in only one eye, suggesting that intraocular production of Ig is not a feature of the normal equine eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Localization of elastic fibers and elastin mRNA in the uvea of chick embryo.

The distribution of elastic fibers and elastin mRNA was studied in the uvea of 19-day-old chick embryos by light and electron microscopy and in situ hybridization techniques using a 35S-labeled RNA probe. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed that elastic fibers were present in the uveal portion of the ciliary body, but not in the posterior choroid. Electron microscopically, elastic fibers were also found in Bruch's membrane. Abundant amounts of elastin mRNA were strictly localized in the fibroblasts in the uveal portion of the ciliary body, and no elastin mRNA was found in any of the cells in the posterior choroid by in situ hybridization. Cultured uveal tissue obtained from the ciliary body was found to produce large amounts of tropoelastin as compared with cultured posterior choroid. Using V8 protease peptide mapping and Northern blot analysis, the tropoelastin and its mRNA produced by the ciliary body were identical to those produced by the smooth muscle cells in the aorta. The results suggest that elastin is synthesized in the ciliary body, acting as a supporting substance in this area.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Entropion uveae: early sphincter atrophy, signposting primary angle closure glaucoma?

PURPOSE: An easily recognized clinical marker for early changes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) or eyes predisposed to angle closure is important so that timely laser iridotomy can prevent morbidity. Pupillary ruff changes, specifically appearance of entropion uveae (EU), are frequent in eyes with PACG. METHODS: Pupillary ruff was examined under magnification and EU, if present, was graded and correlated with gonioscopic grading and presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in consecutive patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), non-glaucomatous controls, and PACG of the subacute, acute, chronic symptomatic, and creeping angle closure glaucoma subgroups. RESULTS: No POAG eye had an abnormal pupillary ruff. A total of 86.7% of subacute PACG eyes and all eyes with acute and chronic PACG showed some grade of EU. Iridocorneal synechiae were more significantly correlated with EU than goniosynechiae (p<0.001). Meridian of iridocorneal but not iridotrabecular synechiae could be correlated with the meridian of EU. In age-matched patients EU was only present in eyes with steep iris configuration, with significant correlation with narrow angles and goniosynechiae. In the detection of PACG the presence of EU Grade I was 94.9% sensitive and 98.2% specific for PACG eyes compared to the gonioscopic picture of angle closure in occludable angles. Its positive predictive value was 91.4%. CONCLUSIONS: EU shows significant correlation with narrow angles, steep iris configuration, and PAS. Kinking of radial iris arteries during angle closure probably causes temporary ischemia, especially of end arteries supplying area of the pupil and sphincter pupillae. EU emerges as an easily observed, objective marker for PACG.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Screening for metastatic malignant melanoma of the uvea revisited.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to assess the value of routine imaging and liver function tests in detecting metastases from malignant melanoma of the uvea. METHODS: Forty-six consecutive patients diagnosed with metastatic uveal melanoma between 1985 and 1996 who had participated in a screening program that included annual liver function tests (LFT), chest X-ray, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) were eligible for this retrospective cohort study. Main outcome measures were the sensitivity of screening tests, presence of symptoms, recurrence free interval, and metastatic burden. RESULTS: Metastases were diagnosed in 74% of patients (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 59-86) at screening and in 26% (95% CI, 14-41) when the patient consulted a physician because of symptoms that developed before the next scheduled visit. Of all the patients, 59% (95% CI, 43-73) were asymptomatic, and 80% (95% CI, 66-91) had only hepatic metastases. The median recurrence free interval, greatest dimension of the largest metastasis, and metastatic burden of the two groups did not differ. US was diagnostic in 78% (95% CI, 64-89), at least 1 LFT test was abnormal in 70% of patients (95% CI, 54-82), and a chest X-ray was abnormal in 2% of patients (95% CI, 0-12). LFTs and US did not reveal hepatic metastases in 33% and 4% of patients, respectively. The sensitivity of individual LFTs ranged from 0.27 to 0.67, and their specificity from 0.90 to 0.96, with lactate dehydrogenase being the most sensitive LFT used. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that annual screening with LFTs and abdominal US will identify 59% of patients while they are still asymptomatic and that semiannual screening will detect >95% of such patients. Chest X-ray has a very low yield and is recommended only at baseline to exclude metastatic disease to the eye and if pulmonary symptoms develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Visual pigment kinetics in abnormalities of the uvea-retinal epithelium interface in man.

In four patients with abnormalities of the interface between photoreceptors and their vascular supply, bleached visual pigments regenerated abnormally slowly, with double exponential time courses, although the time constant of the first exponential was abnormally fast. During therapy in one patient the slower exponential returned to normal early after treatment, whereas the fast component persisted even after clinically complete recovery. The results could be explained by the following hypothesis. In normal eyes, two pigment-regeneration routes exist, the more rapid (which depends on a short-lived intermediate) playing no role after a long full bleach. Uvea abnormalities cause slower regeneration in the normal main route and slower breakdown of the normally short-lived intermediate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[An analytic study of metastatic carcinoma to the uvea].

The authors analyzed 107 cases of metastatic carcinoma to the uvea, 21 cases from their hospital and 86 cases from Chinese literature, to find no predilection for either eye and that the tumor originated from the lung in 45 cases (42.1%) and from the breast in 14 cases (13.1%). Among 43 cases of lung cancer with records, 33 cases reported visual symptoms as their first complaints while none of the 14 cases of breast cancer so did. This could have been due to the higher incidence of lung carcinoma which was also less readily detected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Congenital ectropion uveae with glaucoma.

Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare, non progressive anomaly characterised by the presence of iris pigment epithelium on the anterior surface, an anterior iris insertion, dysgenesis of the drainage angle and glaucoma. The condition is characteristically unilateral and rarely hereditary. The current theory of development arrest is discussed. We report three cases with CEU of which two already developed glaucoma. All patients with CEU should be carefully examined periodically to detect glaucoma.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Therapy of malignant melanoma of the uvea].

The author gives an account of different therapeutic possibilities as regards treatment of malignant melanomas of the uvea. She describes factors which influence the selection of therapy and indications of different methods.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Immunological studies in patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea.

Antibodies directed against different components of ocular melanoma cells were identified by indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 12 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma of the uvea. Antibodies reacing with autologous surface membrane antigens were found only in the sera of the 5 patients with the smallest tumors. The sera from most of the patients with small, large, or extraocular tumor contained antibodies directed against autologous cytoplasmic components while about one-half of the tests for antibodies reacting with allogeneic cytoplasmic antigens were positive. The incidence of positive tests with cytoplasmic antigens, in 67 patients with clinically diagnosed benign uveal nevi and 56 other individuals not showing evidence of proliferative lesions of uveal melanocytes, was 25%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual outcome of eyes with malignant melanoma of the uvea after ruthenium plaque radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the overall visual outcome in 100 consecutive eyes with malignant uveal melanoma irradiated with ruthenium-106 plaques between 1981 and 1991. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The follow-up ranged from 4 months to 10.1 years (median 3.0 years). Scattergrams of equal follow-up periods, life-table survival analysis, and Cox's proportional hazards analysis were used to analyze visual outcome. RESULTS: VA increased for some time in 14 eyes. By 3 years, VA of at least 20/70, 20/200, counting fingers, and light perception were retained in 27%, 41%, 67% and 82% of eyes, respectively. Macular pathology cause loss of reading vision; neovascular glaucoma or enucleation caused loss of light perception. In univariate analysis, large tumor size (height > 5 mm or TNM class T3) predicted visual loss of all VA levels. For the loss of light perception, the tumor's largest basal diameter > 15 mm reached significance. In Cox's multivariate analysis tumor height > 5 mm was the only significant independent risk indicator for loss of VA levels 20/70 and 20/200. For the level CF, largest basal tumor diameter also reached significance, but location of the tumor within 1 disc diameter of the optic disc, either alone or in addition to the fovea, had the greatest risk ratio (6.3, 95% CI 4.1-9.8). For losing light perception, large TNM size (T3) was the strongest risk indicator (risk ratio 10.0; 95% CI 4.5-22.5), followed by proximity of the tumor to the optic disc (risk ratio 4.3, 95% CI 2.4-7.8). CONCLUSION: Ruthenium brachytherapy may retain vision in an eye with a malignant melanoma of the uvea for a considerable period of time. The data presented are useful in patient counseling and allow comparison to subsequent series.

Adult↗