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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Identification of viral induced genes in Ig+ leucocytes of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, by differential hybridisation with subtracted and un-subtracted cDNA probes.

Up-regulated genes of leucocytes expressing immunoglobulin (Ig+ leucocytes) of hirame rhabdovirus (HRV)-infected Japanese flounder were identified by differential hybridisation, using subtracted and un-subtracted cDNA probes. Ig+ leucocytes were separated from apparently healthy and HRV-infected Japanese flounder by the magnetic beads antibody method using mouse anti-Japanese flounder Ig monoclonal antibody (mab). A cDNA library was constructed from HRV-infected Japanese flounder leucocytes, and was screened with subtracted cDNA probes enriched in genes up-regulated by HRV infection. Fifty cDNAs were isolated for further analysis. These included cDNAs coding for homologues of interferon-inducible 56K protein (IFI56), Stat3, CEF-10, RGS5, inducible poly(A) binding protein, prolylcarboxylpeptidase, basigin III (Ig superfamily), MUC-18 (Ig superfamily), proteasome-nexin 1 (SERPIN), herpes virus entry mediator (TNFR family), collagenase III, gelatinase-b, megakaryocyte stimulating factor, Rab8-interacting protein, IgM, IgD and 20 unknown cDNA clones. The majority of these identified genes are reported for the first time in fish. From leucocytes mRNA for homologues of IFI56, CEF-10, Stat3, SERPIN and inducible poly (A) binding protein expression was shown to increase following HRV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A among Swedish UN soldiers in an endemic region.

Six hundred and fifteen Swedish soldiers (X = 24.9 years) serving with the UN forces in Cyprus were tested for antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) before and after six months' service. Before the service, a high susceptibility to hepatitis A was found, as only 2.3% (14/615) had anti-HAV. In comparison, the prevalence of anti-HAV among 124 native Cypriots (X = 23.9 years) was 97% (120/124), which showed Cyprus to be a region where hepatitis A is endemic. The soliders were given immunoglobulin (IG) prophylaxis (2 ml of 16.5% IG) against hepatitis A very third month. The incidence of subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A among the Swedish soliders was 0.2% (1/615). It was concluded that the IG-prophylaxis scheme used seems to be highly effective and probably completely prevents even subclinical seroconversion against hepatitis A in non-immune persons in regions where hepatitis A is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Hierarchical radial basis function networks and local polynomial un-warping for X-ray image intensifier distortion correction: a comparison with global techniques.

Global polynomial (GP) methods have been widely used to correct geometric image distortion of small-size (up to 30 cm) X-ray image intensifiers (XRIIs). This work confirms that this kind of approach is suitable for 40 cm XRIIs (now increasingly used). Nonetheless, two local methods, namely 3rd-order local un-warping polynomials (LUPs) and hierarchical radial basis function (HRBF) networks are proposed as alternative solutions. Extensive experimental tests were carried out to compare these methods with classical low-order local polynomial and GP techniques, in terms of residual error (RMSE) measured at points not used for parameter estimation. Simulations showed that the LUP and HRBF methods had accuracies comparable with that attained using GP methods. In detail, the LUP method (0.353 microm) performed worse than HRBF (0.348 microm) only for small grid spacing (15 x 15 control points); the accuracy of both HRBF (0.157 microm) and LUP (0.160 microm) methods was little affected by local distortions (30 x 30 control points); weak local distortions made the GP method poorer (0.320 microm). Tests on real data showed that LUP and HRBF had accuracies comparable with that of GP for both 30 cm (GP: 0.238 microm; LUP: 0.240 microm; HRBF: 0.238 microm) and 40 cm (GP: 0.164 microm; LUP: 0.164 microm; HRBF: 0.164 microm) XRIIs. The LUP-based distortion correction was implemented in real time for image correction in digital tomography applications.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

The development of an evidence-based patient booklet for patients undergoing lumbar discectomy and un-instrumented decompression.

Post-operative management after lumbar surgery is inconsistent leading to uncertainty amongst surgeons and patients about post-operative restrictions, reactivation, and return to work. This study aimed to review the evidence on post-operative management, with a view to developing evidence-based messages for a patient booklet on post-operative management after lumbar discectomy or un-instrumented decompression. A systematic literature search produced a best-evidence synthesis of information and advice on post-operative restrictions, activation, rehabilitation, and expectations about outcomes. Evidence statements were extracted and developed into patient-centred messages for an educational booklet. The draft text was evaluated by peer and patient review. The literature review found little evidence for post-operative activity restrictions, and a strong case for an early active approach to post-operative management. The booklet was built around key messages derived from the literature review and aimed to reduce uncertainty, promote positive beliefs, encourage early reactivation, and provide practical advice on self-management. Feedback from the evaluations were favourable from both review groups, suggesting that this evidence-based approach to management is acceptable and it has clinical potential.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed2006

Biofilm colonization dynamics and its influence on the corrosion resistance of austenitic UNS S31603 stainless steel exposed to Gulf of Mexico seawater.

Viable bacterial counts, chemical markers, phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), together with electrochemical methods, were used to study biofilm dynamics and its impact on the corrosion resistance of UNS S31603 stainless steels exposed to the Gulf of Mexico seawater. Biofilms progressively accumulated, peaking on day 20, but finally detached. The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS)/cellular biomass ratio remained low most of the time, but reached its highest level (4.2+/-1.9) also on day 20. Viable bacterial cells reached their highest abundance earlier (approximately 800 CFU/cm2), on day 15. Biofilms were seen covering the stainless steel surfaces heterogeneously and were composed mainly of gram-negative rods, presumably EPS-producing bacteria. Despite the different levels of biofilm biomass and attachment state, field-exposed steel coupons ennobled significantly and showed more active pitting potentials (approximately +500 mVSCE) than on the abiotic control (+650 mVSCE), where no significant ennoblement occurred. These results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of biofilms, as opposed to the quantity of surface-associated biomass, promotes formation of differential aeration cells, and that this in turn contributes to the ennoblement of these steels.

Biofilms↗
PubMed2006

Racial differences in epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome alone, un-investigated dyspepsia alone, and "overlap syndrome" among african americans compared to Caucasians: a population-based study.

There is A paucity of data on racial differences in epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) alone and un-investigated dyspepsia (UD) alone compared to "overlap syndrome" (OS). We conducted a random survey (n = 990). Subjects completed a questionnaire which included Rome II criteria for IBS and functional dyspepsia (FD). Among African Americans, the prevalence of IBS alone, UD alone, and OS was 0.6%, 17%, and 7.3%, respectively. It was 0%, 13%, and 13% among Caucasian Americans. All but four patients with IBS had UD. Among patients with UD, OS was seen in 30% of African Americans, compared to 50% among Caucasian Americans. Among African Americans, UD patients were younger compared to OS patients. African Americans with UD were more likely than OS patients to have children. Marital status, education, and household income were not a factor among Caucasians. African Americans patients below poverty level were more likely to have UD than OS (22% vs 10%). Considering patients with UD alone, race, age, sex, marital status, number of children, education, and income level were not different between African Americans and Caucasians. Compared to African Americans, Caucasians with OS were likely to be married and live in an urban area. There was a higher prevalence of OS among Caucasians with lower education. OS is 2.5 times more likely to occur among Caucasians compared to African Americans. We conclude that OS is more common among Caucasians than African Americans. IBS and OS are virtually synonymous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Acid- and pressure-induced (un)folding of yeast glutathione reductase: competition between protein oligomerization and aggregation.

Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric flavoenzyme involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. In the present study, we have used a combination of acidic pH and hydrostatic pressure to investigate the (un)folding transition of yeast GR. Our results indicate that at pH 2 a distinct partially folded state is stabilized, as judged by intrinsic fluorescence, bis ANS binding and circular dichroism (CD) analysis. Further characterization of this partially folded state by size exclusion chromatography revealed that it corresponds to expanded GR monomers. CD analysis at pH 2 showed a significant loss of secondary structure. The partially folded GR monomers stabilized at pH 2 were fully and reversibly unfolded using hydrostatic pressure (up to 3.5kbar) as a thermodynamic perturbant. By contrast, return to physiological pH after exposure to acidic pH led to a competing reaction between refolding dimerization and aggregation of GR. These results support the notion that a partially folded intermediate state is not only critical for folding of GR but also appears to be a seed for protein aggregation.

Acids↗
PubMed2005

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel (un)substituted benzotriazolyl oxazolidinone derivatives.

A series of novel (un)substituted benzotriazolyl oxazolidinone derivatives has been synthesized and tested for in vitro antibacterial activities by MIC determination against a panel of susceptible and resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, some of which are resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. Compounds 20, 21, 24, 29 and 30 from this series were found to be equipotent or more potent than linezolid in vitro.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2006

Pycnometric, viscometric and calorimetric studies of the process to release the double-stranded DNA from the Un bacteriophage.

Knowledge of both the packaging of the linear, double-stranded (ds)DNA in bacteriophages and its subsequent release into the bacterial host is vital to our understanding of phage infection. There is now strong evidence that packaging requires a powerful rotary motor fuelled by ATP. From thermodynamic studies, however, it has been proposed that, at least for those viruses with a contractile tail, the dsDNA ejection from the phage head is a relatively simple physical process that does not require cellular energy and is facilitated by the difference in the conditions of the medium in the environments inside and outside the head. In this case, there should be no enthalpic effects associated with the dehiscence of the capsid and no destruction of it or the other structural elements of the phage. For the present study of temperature-induced phage dehiscence, we used a newly discovered phage with a contractile tail, named the Un (unknown) bacteriophage. Evidence is given of its characteristics in terms of ultrastructural morphology, serological parameters, host range and interaction with host cell. These show that, although it has similarities with the T-even phages and, in particular, the DDVI phage, it appears to be a new type. Earlier viscometric studies with it had shown that the temperature-induced release of the capsid dsDNA was completed at 70 degrees C. In the present investigation, a concentrated suspension of purified phage was subjected to pycnometric analysis through the temperature range of 30 to 70 degrees C. This showed that a significant and abrupt increase in the phage partial volume takes place, which remarkably is in the order of threefold. Viscometric measurements over time at 72 degrees C gave a kinetic curve from which evidence it was suggested that the temperature-induced DNA release is similar to a second order phase transition. At the same time, data from differential scanning calorimetry over the same temperature range showed no enthalpic effect. Our results indicate that the ejection of DNA from the capsid tail is driven by an entropy change.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2005

Program note: Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Bolivia, El Salvador and Honduras.

The UN process indicators are used to assess the availability, utilization and quality of emergency obstetric care (EmOC). Needs assessments for EmOC in Bolivia, El Salvador and Honduras show reasonable availability of comprehensive EmOC facilities for their population sizes, but a scarcity of basic facilities. Utilization rates among women with obstetric complications are high in El Salvador and Honduras. Case fatality rates tend to be below 1% in all three countries, but the more rural areas in each have poorer indicators.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of a therapeutic education programme for asthma patients: "un souffle nouveau".

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a new patient education programme on adults with asthma. This self-management programme included an individual assessment of patient's needs and two educational group sessions. Teaching methods and session content are described as well as caregivers training programme. The training sessions included a written asthma action plan based on symptoms and personal peak expiratory flow. Patients (n = 238) aged from 18 to 60 years were allocated to the intervention (group A) or control group (group B). Patients filled during 1 year a daily diary and questionnaire and they were administered telephone interviews. 127 patients were included in the treatment program and 111 in the control group. There was a significant improvement in the educated group with regard to symptoms free days (P = 0.03), number of awakenings (P = 0.04), consumption of corticosteroids (P = 0.03), consumption of beta2-agonists (P = 0.03), and quality of life score (P = 0.01). In conclusion, this study validates a specific educational approach named "un souffle nouveau".

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Spectral imaging and linear un-mixing enables improved FRET efficiency with a novel GFP2-YFP FRET pair.

Spectral variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been extensively used as reporters to image molecular interactions in living cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, those GFP variants which are the most efficient donor acceptor pairs for FRET measurements show a high degree of spectral overlap which has hampered in the past their use in FRET applications. Here we use spectral imaging and subsequent un-mixing to quantitatively separate highly overlapping donor and acceptor emissions in FRET measurements. We demonstrate the method in fixed and living cells using a novel GFP based FRET pair (GFP2-YFP (yellow)), which has an increased FRET efficiency compared to the most commonly used FRET pair consisting of cyan fluorescent protein and YFP. Moreover, GFP2 has its excitation maximum at 396 nm at which the YFP acceptor is excited only below the detection level and thus this FRET pair is ideal for applications involving sensitized emission.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of un-united fractures of the shaft of the humerus with bent nail.

The results of operative treatment of 78 cases of un-united fractures of the humeral diaphysis are reported. The operation consisted of medullary nail fixation, the nail being bent at the fracture site in order to engage the cortex above and below the fracture, and was followed by plaster splintage. Forty-nine cases showed evidence of union within 20 weeks and 21 united between 20 and 30 weeks. Of the remaining cases, two had broken nails and five were lost to follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Monitoring obstetric services: putting the UN guidelines into practice in Malawi. I: developing the system.

The UNICEF/WHO/ UNFPA "Guidelines for Monitoring the Availability and Use of Obstetric Services" was published in 1997 as a guide for implementing process indicators. The Malawi Safe Motherhood Project covers 5 million people and was the first large project to introduce the new indicators as part of a routine monitoring system. A rigorous process of needs assessment, tools development, operations research, field testing and training was conducted. It was necessary to reach agreement on locally appropriate standard definitions of obstetric emergencies, reporting formats and catchment populations. Underreporting of emergencies, misreporting of maternal deaths and double counting of referrals were minimized by improving recording tools. Time, cost, political and technical inputs are important considerations--in Malawi, the system took 1 year to set up at a cost of $100 000. Developing a routine monitoring system to obtain data for the process indicators is feasible, but requires adaptation of the cross-sectional evaluation methods described in the UN Guidelines.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1998

On the helical conformation of un-ionized poly(gamma-D-glutamic acid).

The conformational preferences of the naturally occurring poly(gamma-D-glutamic acid) in the un-ionized state were investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations. Results indicated that a left-handed helix with 19-membered ring hydrogen bonds set between the CO of the amide group i and the NH of amide group i + 3 is the most stable conformation for this poly(gamma-amino acid). Weak intramolecular interactions between the oxygens of the carboxyl side groups and the NH of the backbone amide groups were detected. They are assumed to be responsible for the unexpected handedness exhibited by the helix with regards to the stereochemistry of the compound.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Utility of inhaled nitric oxide in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and un-operated Fallot's tetralogy].

Utility of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is controversial and there are few studies in the literature that evaluate its effects during prolonged administration. We analyze the case of a 45 day old male patient with un-operated Fallot's tetralogy who developed ARDS and PHT with non-cardiac cause, that required prolonged mechanical ventilation (30 days) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (INO). Before the INO, the oxygenation index was 19, and at a few minutes of its application it decreased to 15. The patient developed a dependence on INO, tolerating its gradual weaning. Administration could be interrupted at 27 days on onset. We did not observe toxic effects during the administration of INO.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Prolonged exposure to one percent carbon monoxide causes a leucoencephalopathy in un-anaesthetised sheep.

A total of 15 Levine-prepared adult un-anaesthetised sheep were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) in air for between 45 and 150 min. This exposure caused a reversible increase in blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and heart rate, and a similarly reversible decrease in electroencephalographic frequency and level of consciousness. sheep were either normotensive or slightly hypertensive. Sheep brains were subsequently examined for histopathological changes at either 5 or 14 days post- exposure. No dead neurons or apoptotic cells were seen, but most sheep given a prolonged exposure to CO had some axonal damage and associated gliosis. This damage was concentrated about necrotic micro-foci in the peri-ventricular white matter. These results suggest that a leucoencephalopathy is a primary consequence of acute and sub-acute CO toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a "loss-framed" minimal intervention to increase mammography utilization among medically un- and under-insured women.

This study was conducted because mammography is under-utilized, even though it is the most effective early detection screening device for breast cancer. A loss-framed telephonic message based on prospect theory was evaluated for the effects on mammography utilization among medically un- and under-insured women living in demographically similar rural counties in Florida. The sample consisted mostly of White women (approximately 89%) 50-64 years old. Experimental group participants received the loss-framed message telephonically and those in the comparison group received the "usual telephone procedure." Logistic regression analyses revealed that women who received the loss-framed message were six times more likely to obtain a mammogram (OR = 6.6, P < 0.0001). The impact of the loss-framed message persisted even after adjustment for initial versus re-screen mammogram effects. This in-reach, loss-framed, minimal intervention seems to have viability and may serve as an alternative or adjunct program for encouraging women to receive mammograms.

Attitude to Health↗