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PubMed2000

Influence of Ukrain on the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors after short-term gamma-irradiation.

The ability of Ukrain, a semi-synthetic alkaloid thiophosphoric acid derivative (NSC-631579), to influence thyroid hormone levels in plasma and nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in female rat liver, as well as to modify the effects of short-term whole body gamma-irradiation on nuclear thyroid-hormone receptors in the liver was evaluated after intraperitoneal administration of the drug at 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Ukrain had no effect on the concentration of thyroid hormones in rat blood and increased the concentration of thyroid hormone receptors in the liver of intact rats during the first 2 months after administration. Ukrain normalized the level of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors influenced by short-term whole body gamma-irradiation of rats with 1 Gy, beginning from the first day after administration of the drug. Thus, Ukrain can minimize the consequences of irradiation in the endocrine system of experimental animals.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2000

Ukrain (NSC-631570) influences on bone status: a review.

Ukrain, a thiophosphoric acid alkaloid derivative of Chelidonium majus L., was shown to affect bone tissue metabolism as assessed in densitometric and biomechanical studies in rats. Its action could be slightly osteopenic at the highest doses administered to intact animals for a prolonged period of time. This phenomenon is possibly related to Ukrain's inhibitory effect on spontaneous locomotor activity of treated animals and/or to the stimulatory effect of the drug on the osteoclastic activity via the macrophage system. By far, the most important finding seems to be the anabolic effect of Ukrain on bone in ovariectomized rats, which is most probably related to induced increase in the production of gonadal hormones, predominantly estrogens. In this regard, the postmenopausal population of female patients treated for malignancies with Ukrain (and obviously the most numerous one) meritis clinical attention as far as the antiosteoporotic effects of this drug are concerned.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2000

Intermittent three-month treatment with Ukrain in intact and ovariectomized rats. Part I: Effect on selected biomechanical parameters of the femur.

Ukrain, an acid alkaloid derivative from Chelidonium majus L., was administered intraperitoneally to intact and ovariectomized sexually mature female rats at doses of 7, 14 and 28 mg/kg once daily for 10 days, followed by 10-day break. This procedure was repeated five times. At the end of this Ukrain treatment (24 h after the last dose of the drug), the right femora of the rats were harvested and a three-point bending test until shaft failure was performed under standard conditions. Assembled data, including ultimate strength, ultimate energy at failure and ultimate displacement, were assessed. Strength and energy were adjusted to accommodate differences between groups in the end body weight. These results showed a decrease in adjusted bone strength of ovariectomized rats as compared to sham-operated animals. None of the three long-term doses of Ukrain (i.e., 7 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg) significantly altered the bone strength when it was adjusted to the end body weight of the ovariectomized animals. Intact rats that received a 28 mg/kg dose of Ukrain demonstrated decrease of bone strength of 13.5% when it was adjusted to the end body weight.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2000

Intermittent three-month treatment with Ukrain in intact and ovariectomized rats. Part III: Effect on the native electron paramagnetic resonance signal intensity of the femur.

Ukrain, an acid alkaloid derivative of Chelidonium majus L., was administered intraperitoneally to ovariectomized and sexually mature female control rats at doses of 7, 14 and 28 mg/kg once daily for 10 days, followed by a 10-day break. This procedure was repeated five times. At the end of the long-term treatment with Ukrain (24 h after the last dose of the drug) the left femora of the rats were harvested. Dried bones were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. Significant changes in the intensity of the native signal were observed within the groups (ANOVA, p = 0.0001); the lowest value was observed in the ovariectomized rats treated with 28 mg/kg of Ukrain (decrease of 40.8% compared to the ovariectomized group, p = 0.005). A significant increase in the intensity of the signal was observed in the intact 7 mg/kg Ukrain-treated group (34.7% compared to controls, p = 0.004).

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Effect of Ukrain on the efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice.

It has been found that Ukrain, given intraperitoneally (i.p.), did not influence the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions in mice. Ukrain in doses of 9.5 and 19 mg/kg significantly enhanced the protective efficacy of valproate, decreasing the ED50 values. However, Ukrain had no effect on the protection provided by diazepam, carbamazepine, diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital. The combined treatment with Ukrain and anti-epileptic drugs did not cause any signs of toxicity.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Chelidonium majus L. (Ukrain) in the treatment of cancer patients.

Ukrain, a semi-synthetic thiophosphoric acid compound of alkaloid chelidonine isolated from Chelidonium Majus L., Tris(2-([5bS-(5ba,6b,12ba)]-5b,6,7,12b,13,14- Hexahydro-13-methyl][1,3]-benzodioxolo[5,6-c]-1,3-dioxolo[4, 5- i]phenanthridinium-6-ol]-Ethaneaminyl) Phosphinesulfide 6HCl, causes a regression of tumours and metastases in many oncological patients. More than 400 documented patients with various carcinomas in different stages of development have been treated with Ukrain. The authors report on only three different cases treated with preparation Ukrain. Ukrain can be helpful in improving the general condition and prolonging life by reduction of the tumour progression and its immunomodulating effect on the organism.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Effect of single and three months treatment with Ukrain on aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and on the serum protein level in rodents.

The influence of Ukrain on the activity of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and on the serum total protein content was estimated in mice and rats of both sexes receiving single or repeated doses of the drug. It was found that one hour after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Ukrain no characteristic changes were recorded in the activity of the investigated enzymes, or in the serum protein content of animals of either sex. Similar effects were observed after three months treatment with Ukrain in rats of either sex. Only in mice receiving Ukrain for three months was a rise in ALT and AST activity found. No particular changes were observed in the total serum protein level, except for a small decreases in the sera of male mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

Interaction between Ukrain and aminophenazone in analgesic tests in rodents.

The effect of Ukrain on the analgesic activity of aminophenazone was studied in mice and rats. Antinociceptive action induced by aminophenazone in doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) was determined by using the writhing syndrome, hot-plate tests and tail-flick latency. The action of aminophenazone was significantly enhanced by Ukrain in the writhing syndrome test and in the tail-flick test. Antinociceptive action of aminophenazone was decreased by Ukrain in the hot-plate test in mice. These results suggest that Ukrain, given simultaneously with aminophenazone, changes susceptibility of animals to nociceptive reaction in the tests performed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Induction of bimodal programmed cell death in malignant cells by the derivative Ukrain (NSC-631570).

Selective induction of malignant cell death is one of the major goals of effective and safe chemotherapy. Recent developments in the understanding of programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis are expected to provide new leads for a safer chemotherapy. The authors investigated whether the semisynthetic alkaloid thiophosphoric acid derivative Ukrain (NSC-631570) could induce PCD or apoptosis in human K562 leukaemia cells. Results showed that Ukrain induced two distinct modalities of cell death programmes. One modality corresponded morphologically to classical apoptosis or PCD characterized by blebbing and shedding of membrane vesicles with concomitant 51Cr release; however, the Ukrain-induced apoptosis was not associated with the characteristic nuclear DNA fragmentation. Higher concentrations of Ukrain induced a second cell death programme characterized by cell surface blister formation, high specific 51Cr release and extensive DNA polyploidy. These two cell death programmes are distinct from each other in that they are interphased by a silent period characterized by normal cell morphology and reduced specific 51Cr release.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1996

Influence of Ukrain on patients with surgically treated breast cancer. Part IV. Electromicroscopic and cytochemical evaluation.

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate by light and by electron microscopy the influence of Ukrain on the morphology of breast cancer. The studies were carried out on material obtained from ten patients with breast cancer, treated preoperatively with Ukrain. Control material for the studies was obtained from patients of similar age and advancement of the disease, who did not receive Ukrain. The data obtained in the present studies indicate that Ukrain is responsible for severe changes in morphology of tumour cells. Histological examination by both light and electron microscopy revealed cells characteristic of those undergoing apoptosis. The stromal changes of the tumour were characterized by intensive proliferation of the connective tissue accompanied by an immune reaction expressed by mononuclear infiltrates.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of six-month treatment with Ukrain on early osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. Part III. Preliminary studies of some hormone levels.

The effect of six-month treatment with Ukrain on the level of some hormones was investigated in ovariectomized rats. The serum levels of prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Six months after ovariectomy, a decrease in prolactin and progesterone levels was observed. No changes were noted in the levels of ACTH, corticosterone and aldosterone in the serum of the ovariectomized animals. On the other hand, six-month treatment with Ukrain increased the levels of prolactin and progesterone and decreased the levels of corticosterone and aldosterone in the ovariectomized rats. The progesterone level in the treated group was four times higher than in the ovariectomized group. The six-month treatment with Ukrain had no effect on the level of ACTH of the serum of the ovariectomized rats. The present results show that prolonged treatment with Ukrain significantly affects hormone secretion after ovariectomy.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

Antinociceptive effect of ten day administration of Ukrain in mice and interaction of the treatment with morphine.

The present study shows that Ukrain, administered i.c. in doses of 9.5 and 19 mg/kg once daily for 10 days in mice, produced evident antinociceptive action in the writhing syndrome and hot-plate tests. Moreover, we found that as a result of 10-day treatment with Ukrain the antinociceptive action of morphine (0.1 mg/kg s.c. administered after the last dose of Ukrain) was significantly decreased. These results and the observed interaction between Ukrain and morphine seem to be contra-indications to their combined usage.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1996

Potential therapeutic efficacy of Ukrain (NSC 631570) in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma.

In this study two case reports are presented of therapy with Ukrain, a semi-synthetic thiophosphoric acid compound of alkaloids isolated from Chelidonium majus L, for the treatment of AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Ukrain was injected i.v. in the dose of 5 mg every other day for a total of 10 injections. During treatment the Kaposi's sarcoma lesions diminished in size, showed decolouration and no lesion appeared in the 30-day interval after the beginning of treatment. Both patients tolerated Ukrain well and showed an improved immunohaematological status: an increase in total leukocytes, T-lymphocytes and T-suppressor numbers. In one case T-helper lymphocytes were also increased. Future investigations are necessary for the evaluation of Ukrain efficacy in the treatment of this type of patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Development of pharmacovigilance system in Ukraine: first results.

The article is devoted to the establishment and development of the National Pharmacovigilance system in Ukraine. A drug safety centre of Ukraine started to form a pharmacovigilance system in 1996. It has been operating on a regular basis since 2000 and now provides the regulatory services that include data collection and analysis, database management, education, international contacts, and the publication and dissemination of information. Our ultimate goal is to foster a rational and safe drug use and to improve the quality of pharmacotherapy in Ukraine.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of smoking in Ukraine, 2000.

BACKGROUND: A clear, up-to-date picture of smoking prevalence and its determinants is needed to inform the development of an effective tobacco control policy in Ukraine, particularly given the way in which the tobacco industry has targeted post-Soviet countries since transition. METHODS: A nationally representative household survey was undertaken in Ukraine in February 2000. RESULTS: Data were available on 1,590 individuals (response rate 72%). Fifty-seven percent of men and 10% of women were current smokers and an additional 21 and 7%, respectively, were ex-smokers. Smoking behavior has changed considerably over successive generations, with an increase in the proportion of women smoking and a reduction in the mean age at first smoking. Factors associated with smoking include young age, urban residence (among women), and material hardship, particularly unemployment. Involvement in social networks appears to reduce the probability of smoking. Smoking commonly occurs in public places and smokers differ from nonsmokers in their health beliefs about smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of smoking among men are already high and among young women are increasing rapidly. Unless an effective tobacco policy response is developed to address the issues identified, tobacco will continue to make an increasingly large contribution to premature morbidity and mortality in Ukraine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Histologic verification of leukemia, myelodysplasia, and multiple myeloma diagnoses in patients in Ukraine, 1987-1998.

In preparation for a possible large epidemiological study of radiation-related leukemia in Chernobyl clean-up workers of Ukraine, histologic evaluation of 62 cases of leukemia and related disorders was conducted by a panel of expert hematologists and hematopathologists from the United States, France, and Ukraine. All cases were randomly selected from a surrogate population of men in the general population of 6 regions of Ukraine who were between the ages of 20 and 60 years in 1986 and were reported to have developed leukemia, myelodysplasia, or multiple myeloma between the years 1987 and 1998. The hematologists and hematopathologists on the panel were in agreement with one another and with the previously reported diagnoses and classifications of about 90% of the cases of acute and chronic leukemia in the study. These results suggest that strong reliance can be placed on the clinical diagnoses of acute and chronic forms of leukemia and multiple myeloma that have occurred in Ukrainian Chernobyl clean-up workers providing that the diagnoses are supported by records of the patients having had adequate histologic bone marrow studies. The number of cases in this study with the diagnosis of myelodysplasia, however, was too small to draw firm conclusions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Birth defects surveillance in Ukraine: a process.

Birth defects (BD) surveillance using international standards was introduced in Ukraine by a network of five BD centers located in northwestern, central and southern regions. BD centers provide resources to access current and comprehensive information and to nurture partnerships with physicians, administrators, parental support groups, educators, and humanitarian assistance organizations. One outcome was the vigorous and popular website International BD Information Systems (IBIS). The network is now incorporated as OMNI-Net Ukraine. The program has documented high prevalence rates of neural tube defects (NTD); fetal alcohol effects (FAE); and idiopathic developmental retardation among orphans that prompted prevention and amelioration initiatives. Further program objectives include: universal folic acid flour fortification, as recommended by the Ukrainian Academy of Medicine; continued research on methods to reduce FAE in collaboration with partners from California; opening other early infant stimulation centers funded by local authorities, modeled on those in Rivne and Lutsk; and linking BD prevention with bioethical considerations, which is a topic of interest in Ukraine in part enhanced by the effects of Chornobyl.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed2005

Health lifestyles in Ukraine.

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have identified negative health lifestyles as a primary determinant of the mortality crisis in Europe's post-communist states, but little is known about Ukraine. In order to address this gap in the literature, this paper provides data on Ukrainian health lifestyles. METHODS: Data were collected by face-to-face interviews in the households (N = 2 400) of a random sample of respondents in Ukraine in November, 2001. The sample was selected using multi-stage random sampling with stratification by region and area (urban/rural). Data were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Male gender was found to be the most powerful single predictor of negative health lifestyles as shown in the results for frequent drinking, heavy vodka use at one occasion, smoking, and diet. Males rated their health status better than females, but over one-third of the males and one-half of the females rated their health status as rather bad or bad. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and class differences in health lifestyle practices appear to be key variables, with working-class males showing the most negative practices. The results for health status suggest that the overall level of health in Ukraine is not good.

Adolescent↗