Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tribes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Electrophoretic variants in three Amerindian tribes: the Baniwa, Kanamari, and Central Pano of western Brazil.

Data are presented on electrophoretic variants of 25 polypeptides found in the blood serum and erythrocytes, in 812 individuals from three Amerindian tribes, the Pano, the Baniwa, and the Kanamari. Two "private polymorphisms" were encountered, of PEPB in the Pano and CAII in the Baniwa. A single example of a different PEPB variant was encountered in the Baniwa, and two possible examples of an unstable variant of HGB A2 in the Kanamari. In addition, the well-known A variant of ACP1, the Duarte variant of GALT, the 2 variant of Hp and the 2 variant of PGM1 occurred in polymorphic proportions in all three tribes, and the TFDChi variant was present as a polymorphism in the Baniwa. These data have recently been incorporated into a treatment which concludes that the eight electrophoretically-defined "private polymorphisms" thus far encountered in Amerindian tribes can be explained by a mutation pressure of 0.7 x 10(-5)/locus/generation on the assumption of neutrality of the phenotypes in question (Neel and Thompson, '78).

Asian People↗
PubMed1980

Some blood genetic markers of selected tribes in Western Saudi Arabia.

A total of 292 randomly selected subjects belonging to two indigenous Arab tribes (Harbi and Ghamid) and two immigrant tribes (Mograbi and Mowallad), residents in Western Saudi Arabia, have been tested for genetic variants of six blood groups, four serum proteins, and five red cell enzyme systems. The distribution of the polymorphic systems was different between indigenous and immigrant tribes, and the present Arab population shows a considerable degree of admixture from the surrounding countries, in particular Africa.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1983

Failure of linguistic relationships to predict genetic distances between the Waiãpi and other tribes of lower Amazonia.

Data on blood group, serum protein, erythrocyte enzyme, and histocompatibility antigen (HLA) traits are presented for the Waiãpi, a Tupi-speaking tribe of the Brazilian and French Guianas. Intra- and intertribal comparisons have been made between these data, and previously published data from French Guiana, from another Tupi tribe and from other tribes of neighboring areas, and from the continent as a whole. For this purpose, we have modified the usual measure of genetic distance to obtain a value which is independent of the number of loci being considered. The intertribal genetic distances do not correlate with linguistic affinity. Social differences, which may have affected the rate of drift from the continental mean, correlate better with genetic distances.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1988

Genetic heterogeneity among the Negroid and Arab tribes of the Sudan.

Genetic distance analysis was carried out among seven tribes of the Sudan comprising three Negroid (Nuba, Fur, and Nilotes) and four Arab tribes (Beja, Gaalin, Hawazma, and Messeria) on the basis of six polymorphic loci (ABO and Rhesus blood groups; haemoglobin and red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; serum haptoglobin and transferrin polymorphisms) controlling 21 alleles and compared with the Arab and Negroid populations in neighbouring countries. The Nuba and Nilotes have been found to have Negroid genetic characteristics, while the Fur are intermediate between the Arabs and Negroids. The Beja and Gaalin tribes have more pronounced Arab genetic characteristics than the Hawazma and Messeria, who have a great deal of Negroid admixture.

Black People↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis A antibody in an isolated Amerindian tribe fifty years after exposure.

Antibody to hepatitis A in an Amerindian tribe was found in everyone over 50 years old but in no one younger. We suggest that the tribe had become infected with hepatitis A virus during the period, about 50 years earlier, when they engaged in raids on Luso-Brasilian settlers, that the virus failed to persist in the tribe when they withdrew into isolation, and that those who had been infected maintained antibody titers without boosting since that time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Variation and phylogenetic utility of the Arabidopsis thaliana Rps2 homolog in various species of the tribe Brassiceae.

Our objective was to analyze the evolutionary paths of cultivated diploid Brassica species and a few related wild species (tribe Brassiceae) in relation to Arabidopsis thaliana (tribe Arabidae), using the Rps2 sequence. Rps2 confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in A. thaliana. We found that similar to Arabidopsis, the Rps2 homolog in Brassica species is present in a single copy. Primers based in the Rps2 sequence amplified Rps2 homologs from the other species. Maximum-parsimony analysis based on number of nucleotide substitutions yielded a single tree, grouping the species as expected from other evolutionary inferences. Age of divergence between the two tribes was within the range of previous estimates. Indels in the different sequences were also useful for distinguishing some of the species. The Rps2 gene is a useful phylogenetic tool for more comprehensive studies of the species of Brasicaceae.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the evolution of ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and atpB-rbcL noncoding spacer sequences in a recent plant group, the tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae).

Plastid sequences of the atpB-rbcL spacer and rbcL gene itself were used to evaluate their respective potential in reconstructing the phylogeny of 15 taxa from the tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae). From our previous analyses using the atpB-rbcL spacer, the 15 selected taxa represent most of the variability of the tribe. Since this group is considered to be relatively recent (Upper Tertiary), it should allow the study of early dynamics of nucleotide substitutions in recent divergences. The results show that the spacer and rbcL inferred phylogenies are not totally congruent; the spacer trees are more similar to interpretations of morphological data. A comparative analysis of the pattern of nucleotide substitution of these two sequences in the Rubieae shows that (1) the overall rate of substitution is similar in the spacer and in rbcL, and the rate of synonymous substitution in rbcL is much higher; (2) the level of homoplasy is higher in rbcL than in the spacer matrix which shows a higher phylogenetic structure; and (3) the pattern of transition and transversion substitutions is different in the two sequences, and is not linear in rbcL. As a result of these observations, we suggest that (1) the spacer is evolving relatively slowly because of unsuspected, and phylogenetically important, selective constraints on its sequence; and (2) in the rbcL sequence, many sites, free of constraint, are changing at high rate, and some of these sites seem to have undergone multiple substitutions even in this recent tribe. This could explain the high level of homoplasy found in Rubieae rbcL sequences.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

JC virus genotypes in a Taiwan aboriginal tribe (Bunun): implications for its population history.

The origin of Taiwanese aborigines remains obscure; it has been speculated that they may be from either mainland China or southeastern Asia. We used the JCV genotyping method to elucidate the origin of Bunun aborigines who now live in central mountain areas of Taiwan. We found that Bunun aborigines carried two major (B1-a2 and CY) and two minor JCV genotypes (B1-a1 and SC). This was contrasted with the JCV genotype profile in modern Taiwanese: one major (SC) and two minor genotypes (CY and B1-a1). It thus appears that B1-a2 and CY are indigenous to the Bunun tribe. B1-a2 was first identified in this study as a discrete cluster that contained only Bunun and Philippine JCV isolates and that was closely related to B1-a1, one of the three common JCV genotypes in China. CY predominates in North China, while SC predominates in South China and southeastern Asia. The present findings suggest that the Bunun tribe is an admixture of two ethnic groups, one carrying B1-a2 and the other carrying CY. In other words, it is likely that the Bunun tribe was established by two waves of immigrations from mainland Asia, predating those by southern Chinese which began in the 17th century.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

From terpenoids to aliphatic acids: further evidence for late-instar switch in osmeterial defense as a characteristic trait of swallowtail butterflies in the tribe papilionini.

We compared the chemical compositions of the osmeterial secretions of fourth and fifth (last) instars of eight swallowtail species of the tribe Papilionini. Four species (Papilio demoleus, P. polytes, P. paris, and P. macilentus) are Asian Rutaceae-feeding swallowtails. The other four (Chilasa epicydes, C. agestor, P. troilus, and P. glaucus) represent more distant clades within the Papilionini and species with larval hosts in other plant families. We conducted a quantitative analysis for six species, but only qualitative analysis for P. glaucus and C. agestor. In all eight species, regardless of larval host plant, secretions of the fourth instar principally consisted of mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas those of the fifth instar comprised aliphatic acids and their esters. Consistent with earlier findings, our results suggest that this "heterogeneous" pattern of osmeterial chemistry, not seen in other tribes, may characterize the Papilionini as a whole. Unlike those of most Papilio species, the fourth and fifth instars of Chilasa species resemble each other in body coloration. Thus, the heterogeneous osmeterial pattern is not necessarily associated with color change in papilionid larvae. The major terpenoids identified in fourth instar larval secretions from the six species were alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-myrcene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, (Z)-beta-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, p-mentha-1,4(8)-diene, beta-elemene, beta-caryophyllene, (E)-beta-farnesene, (3Z,6E)-alpha-farnesene, (Z)-alpha-bisabolene, germacrene-A, (E)-alpha-bisabolene, and germacrene-B. The profiles for individual species differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from one another, and certain species also secreted methyl 3-hydroxy-n-butyrate and oxygenated sesquiterpenes in relatively large proportions. Secretions from fifth instars were composed of varying proportions of isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, and acetic acids, and methyl and ethyl (minor) esters of both isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acids. The heterogeneity of osmeterial chemistry in the tribe Papilionini may represent fine-tuning of chemical defense in response to shifting predation pressures as the larvae age and grow.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes and blood groups of four Amerindian tribes of northern Colombia.

MHC class II alleles and haplotypes were determined from unrelated individuals and families of the Arhuaco (n = 107), Kogi (n = 42), Arsario (n = 18), and Wayú (n = 88) tribes located in the northern part of Colombia. Class II DRB, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles were determined by PCR-SSO and PCR-RFLP based methods. Four haplotypes, [DRB1*0407, DRB4*0101, DQA1*03, DQB1*0302]; [DRB1*0403, DRB4*0101, DQA1*03, DQB1*0302]; [DRB1*1402/1406, DRB3*0101, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0301]; and [DRB1*0802, DQA1*0401, DQB1*0402], were observed among these four tribes. In addition to these haplotypes, the Wayú Indians showed a frequency of 21.3% for the [DRB1*1602, DRB5*02, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0301] haplotype, 13.1% for the [DRB1*0411, DRB4*0101, DQA1*03, DQB1*0302] haplotype, and 8.1% for the [DRB1*0411, DRB4*0101, DQA1*03, DQB1*0402] haplotype. Red cell antigen typing was used to calculate genetic admixture. The Kogi and Arsario showed no genetic admixture while the Arhuaco tribe showed admixture with genes of African origin and the Wayú showed admixture with Caucasians as well as genes of African origin. These findings were confirmed by the MHC class II allele and haplotype data obtained, as alleles and haplotypes of Caucasian and African origin were detected in the Wayú and Arhuaco and not in the Kogi or Arsario. These studies will be important in disease association and transplantation studies for Amerindian and colombian populations and for correlating genetic traits with the anthropologic and linguistic data available in order to better understand the Amerindian populations.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Extended HLA haplotypes among the Bari Amerindians of the Perija Range. Relationship to other tribes based on four-loci haplotype frequencies.

Extended HLA haplotypes among Bari Amerindians living at the Perija Range on the limits between Colombia and Venezuela have been defined using serology for class I, electrophoresis and immuno-fixation for Bf and C4, and PCR-SSO for class II loci typing. Haplotypes were assigned based on family studies and gene frequencies were calculated using a subset of less related subjects selected from the genealogy. No rare class III variants were observed, but the characteristic low HLA diversity of isolated Amerindians populations present also in the Bari extends to Bf and C4. Thus there were only 22 different haplotypes segregating in families when nine loci were considered. All of them except three carried Bf*S, C4A*3, C4B*1. The null allele C4A*Q0 reached a frequency of 0.147 and was predominantly present in A24 Cw7 B39 DRB1*0411 haplotypes. In contrast to what has been reported using HLA alleles or class I haplotype frequencies and other isolated South American tribes, genetic distance estimates based on A-Cw-B-DR haplotype frequencies show a closer relationship between the two linguistically but geographically distant Venezuelan tribes, the Bari and the Warao, as compared to two culturally different Brazilian populations. The information reported here will be useful for identifying ancestral haplotypes in native peoples of America, for population comparison, and for discussing the differential influence of MHC haplotype diversity and population survival when similar data on other Amerindian tribes becomes available.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Some unique ethnomedicinal uses of plants used by the Korku tribe of Amravati district of Maharashtra, India.

The present ethnobotanical study was carried out among the ethnic groups (Korku tribe) in the Chikhaldara, Achalpur and parts of Morshi in Amravati district of Maharashtra, India. A field survey of the study area was carried out during 2000-2004 to document the medicinal utility of plants occurring in this area by Korku tribe. Traditional uses of 66 plant species belonging to 40 families are described under this study. The documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin disorders, diarrhea, jaundice, tuberculosis, stroke, migraine, menstrual problems, fertility problems, urinary problems, piles, wounds and poison bites. The medicinal plants used by the Korku tribe are arranged alphabetically followed by family name, herbarium number, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and medicinal uses.

Ethnobotany↗
PubMed2006

Y-linked haplotypes in Amerindian chromosomes from Mexican populations: genetic evidence to the dual origin of the Huichol tribe.

We studied six Y-linked short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to describe the internal diversity of the Amerindian haplogroup Q-M3 in 129 males from eight Mexican populations. The low gene diversity in the Huichol tribe demonstrated the effects of genetic drift, attributable to geographic isolation and founder effect. The presence of two principal paternal lineages supported the historical and anthropometric records, which indicate that Huichols were formed by the fusion of two ancestral Mexican tribes. Moreover, genetic distances and close relationships of haplotypes between Huichols and Tarahumaras were in agreement with their linguistic affiliation. The high genetic diversity of the Purépechas and wide distribution of haplotypes along the constructed network-joining tree suggest that the present genetic composition was influenced by Purépecha dominance in western Mesoamerica. The Y-haplotypes shared between populations suggest that, among the Amerindian tribes studied herein, the paternal genetic pool of Nahuas could have contributed more importantly to the European-admixed population, the Mexican-Mestizos.

Chromosomes, Human, Y↗
PubMed2004

Different antibody- and cytokine-mediated responses to Plasmodium falciparum parasite in two sympatric ethnic tribes living in Mali.

The Fulani are known to be less susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections and to have lower parasitaemia despite living under similar malaria transmission intensity compared with other ethnic tribes. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the Fulani were more polarised towards Th2 as reflected by higher numbers of malaria-specific IL-4- and IL-10-producing cells and lower numbers of IFN-gamma- and IL-12-producing cells as compared to their neighbour ethnic tribe, the Dogon of Mali. Total IgE and both anti-malaria IgE and IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA and the numbers of IL-4-, IFN-gamma-, IL-10- and IL-12-producing cells were enumerated using enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assay (ELISPOT). Numbers of parasite clones were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study was performed outside the transmission period and all individuals included were asymptomatic. The results revealed that the Fulani were less parasitised, had fewer circulating parasite clones in their blood, had significantly higher anti-malaria IgG and IgE antibodies and higher proportions of malaria-specific IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing cells compared to the Dogon. The higher antigen-specific production of IL-4 among the Fulani was statistically significant both before and after adjustment for level of spontaneous cytokine production, while greater IFN-gamma production only attained statistical significance after adjustment for spontaneous levels. Taken together, the association of higher anti-malarial IgE and IgG antibodies and increased numbers of specific IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing cells compared to the ethnic sympatric tribe, the Dogon, may assist in explaining the lower susceptibility to malaria observed in the Fulani.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sesquiterpene lactone-based classification of three Asteraceae tribes: a study based on self-organizing neural networks applied to chemosystematics.

This work describes an application of artificial neural networks on a small data set of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) of three tribes of the family Asteraceae. Structurally different types of representative STLs from seven subtribes of the tribes Eupatorieae, Heliantheae and Vernonieae were selected as input data for self-organizing neural networks. Encoding the 3D molecular structures of STLs and their projection onto Kohonen maps allowed the classification of Asteraceae into tribes and subtribes. This approach allowed the evaluation of structural similarities among different sets of 3D structures of sesquiterpene lactones and their correlation with the current taxonomic classification of the family. Predictions of the occurrence of STLs from a plant species according to the taxa they belong to were also performed by the networks. The methodology used in this work can be applied to chemosystematic or chemotaxonomic studies of Asteraceae.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed2005

Hepatitis delta virus infection among the tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

Hepatitis B virus infection is highly endemic among the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. We screened 223 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive members of these tribes for hepatitis delta virus infection (HDV). The infection was observed only among the Nicobarese. Considering the serious consequences of HDV infection, we suggest that the tribes of these islands should be monitored for HDV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini (Bovidae, Bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the Kouprey, Bos sauveli Urbain 1937.

The kouprey is a very rare bovid species of the Indochinese peninsula, and no living specimen has been described for a long time, suggesting that it is possibly extinct. Its systematic position within the tribe Bovini remains confused since the analyses of morphological characters have led to several conflicting hypotheses. Some authors have also suggested that it could be a hybrid species produced by the crossing of the banteng with gaur, zebu, or water buffalo. Here we performed a molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini to determine the taxonomic status of the kouprey. DNA was extracted from the holotype specimen preserved in the MNHN collections. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on a matrix including all the taxonomic diversity described in the tribe Bovini, and 2065 nucleotide characters, representing three different markers, i.e., the promotor of the lactoferrin and two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and subunit II of the cytochrome c oxidase). The results show that the kouprey belongs to the subtribe Bovina, and that three different clades can be evidenced into this group: the first includes the domestic ox, zebu, and European bison; the second incorporates the yak and American bison; and the third contains the kouprey, banteng and gaur. All hypotheses involving hybridization for the origin of the kouprey can be rejected, confirming that it is a real wild species. Molecular datings and biogeographic inferences suggest that the kouprey diverged from banteng and gaur during the Plio-Pleistocene of Asia. In addition, several molecular signatures were detected in the cytochrome b gene, permitting a molecular identification of the kouprey. We propose a conservation project based on a molecular taxonomy approach for tracking the kouprey in Indochina in order to determine whether some populations still survive in the wild.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-oxidase I.

The tribe Harpalini is a group of ground beetles with a world-wide distribution that comprises approximately 2000 species and about 238 genera and subgenera. Hypotheses about the phylogenetic relationships of the subtribes of Harpalini are implicit within the systematic criteria put forward by different authors. A 759 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI was sequenced in 119 specimens (107 species) of 52 genera and subgenera that represent the main lineages of Harpalines, and 3 species of other tribes used as outgroups. A hierarchical study of sequence divergence (under uncorrected and corrected models) and ts:tv ratio pattern analyses were carried out at different taxonomic levels. A low saturation rate was detected at first and second codon positions, whereas A+T richness causes a low transitions:transversions ratio, which suggests--a priori--a high rate of saturation at the third codon position. A progressive accumulation of sequence divergence and a decreasing ts:tv ratio were found from lower to higher taxonomic levels. MP strict consensus, ML, and minimum evolution distance (under ts+tv and tv only schemes) trees showed similar major clades within the tribe. The subtribe Ditomina is a monophyletic lineage with close affinities to the subtribe Harpalina. Harpalina is a polyphyletic lineage as the genus Daptus is always related to members of the subtribe Stenolophina, and the Selenophorines resulted a polyphyletic group related to the subtribe Anisodactylina. Main lineages proposed by Noonan [Quaest. Entomol. 9 (1973) 266] within the subtribe Anisodactylina have been corroborated in this study. The Australian genus Phorticosomus is not related to Ditomina but to the Australian Notiobioids lineage. Most taxa of the subtribe Stenolophina are always included in the same clade, together with taxa of the subtribe Pelmatellina, which might be considered as a lineage of Stenolophina related to Bradycellus and Dicheirotrichus. The subtribe Amblystomina lacks a well-supported relationship to the other subtribes of Harpalini and could not be consistently related to any of them.

Animals↗